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BACKGROUND: Many methods have been developed to establish a rabbit VX2 tumor model, but the reliability of each method has not been explored. In order to develop a reliable method, we made some improvements based on the existing methods. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of rabbit VX2 tumor tissue block implantation and cell suspension via modified and traditional implantation to make the rabbit tibia VX2 tumor model. METHODS: Forty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with tissue block implantation for tibia VX2 tumor modeling, and group B was treated with cell suspension for tibia VX2 tumor modeling. Modified and traditional implantation was performed on the left and right tibia of the experimental animals, respectively. One hour after successful modeling, ultrasound examination of the puncture site was performed to determine whether there is hematoma. All experimental animals were sacrificed at 3 weeks. X-ray examination of the bilateral tibia was performed to confirm the tumor growth range. Tumor tissue and soft tissue around the puncture site were taken for general and pathological observation to compare the size of the tumor and identify whether there is tumor cell metastasis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One rabbit died in the tissue block group, and all the experimental animals in the cell suspension group survived. X-ray examination indicated the tumors in the tissue block group invaded the cortex, but the tumors in the cell suspension group did not invade the cortex. Gross observation revealed that the tumor volume of the tissue block group was greater than that of the cell suspension group. In the tissue block group, there were one and seven cases of hematoma around the puncture site at 1 hour after modified and traditional implantation, respectively. In the cell suspension group, there were two and nine cases of hematoma around the puncture site at 1 hour after modified and traditional implantation, respectively. Pathological examination showed that local tumor invasion was found in 1 and 8 cases in the tissue block group as well as in 2 and 11 cases in the cell suspension group at 3 months after modified and traditional implantation, respectively. Our findings indicate that the tissue block implantation method is easier and more convenient than the cell suspension method for making rabbit VX2 bone tumors, and the tumor invasion rate of the tissue block implantation method is lower than that of the cell suspension method. Improved tissue block implantation can effectively reduce the tumor invasion rate during modeling.
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Objective By using CT-guided percutaneous inoculation with "external pre-loaded and traced one-step implantation technique" to establish VX2 liver and kidney tumor model in experimental rabbits, and to evaluate the effectiveness and convenience of this technique. Methods By using a disposal 16G thoracic puncture needle (length of 8. 5 cm) and a self-made 18 G puncture probe, inoculation of tumor cells was performed in experimental rabbits. Retrograde filling of gelatin sponge strip, which was infiltrated with 0. 3 mL contrast medium, into the thoracic puncture needle lumen was performed, which was followed by retrograde loading of 1X1X3 mm3 VX2 tissue block, and the pre-assembly in vitro was completed. Under CT guidance, percutaneous puncturing of the target organ of experimental rabbit with pre - assembly probe was conducted, then, the end of the needle was inserted into the probe to push out the tumor tissue and gelatin sponge when it was verified that the needle tip reached the desired target point. After 30 seconds, the needle and probe were pulled out slowly and integrally, and the puncture point was manually pressed for 60 seconds. CT scan was performed to check the location of high-density gelatin sponge. The tumor inoculation time was recorded. Contrast - enhanced CT scan was employed at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after inoculation to validate the modeling results. Results Immediate postoperative CT scan showed that the inoculation site was manifested as nodular high density shadow in the liver or kidney parenchyma. Liver tumor modeling was used in 10 rabbits, and tumor formation was obtained in all 10 rabbits (100％, 10/10), and the mean time used for inoculation was 4. 3 minutes. Kidney tumor modeling was adopted in 10 rabbits, and tumor formation was obtained in 9 rabbits (90％, 9/10), and the mean time used for inoculation was 4. 9 minutes. The inoculated tumor was characterized by a single lesion in all experimental rabbits, the location of the tumor was basically the same as that of the high density gelatin sponge. Check-up contrast-enhanced CT scan showed that the liver implanted tumor had peripheral enhancement, which presented as ring - shaped enhancement on DSA. The kidney implanted tumor was manifested as renal parenchyma staining defect on both contrast - enhanced CT scan and DSA. After 3-4 weeks of inoculation, the implanted tumors grew rapidly. Conclusion For the establishment of rabbit VX2 liver and kidney tumor models, CT - guided percutaneous inoculation with "external pre-loaded and traced one-step implantation technique" is very effective. This technique has several advantages, such as convenient and time-saving, postoperative immediate confirmation of the inoculation site, higher tumor formation rate, solitary tumor formation, etc. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27:252-256)
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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of brachytherapy with 125I seed strand in treating implanted main portal vein tumor thrombus (MPVTT) in experimental rabbits.Methods VX2 tumor cell line was implanted in the main portal vein (MPV) of 32 New Zealand white rabbits to establish MPVTT models.The rabbits were randomly divided into the treatment group (group T,n=16) and the control group (group C,n=16).125I seed strand was implanted in the MPVTT of the rabbits of group T,while blank seed strand was implanted in the MPVTT of the rabbits of group C.After the implantation,the changes in general condition,body weight and laboratory testing results were recorded.Two weeks after the treatment,every 8 rabbits from each group were sacrificed,and the specimens were collected and sent for pathological examination.The remaining rabbits were fed till they died,and then autopsy was conducted.Multi-slice spiral CT manifestations,histopathological findings,Ki-67 labeling index and apoptosis index were used to assess the curative effect,and the results were compared between the two groups.Results At each observation time point after brachytherapy,the weight loss of the experimental rabbits was more obvious in group C than in group T.No statistically significant differences in liver functions and white blood cell count existed between the two groups (P＞0.05).The mean MPVTT volume of group T and group C were (565.40±220.90) mm3 and (2 269.90±437.00) mm3 respectively (P＜0.001);the Ki-67 labeling indexes were (4.14±1.84)％ and (33.82± 6.07)％ respectively (P=0.001);the median survival days were (39.50±2.37) d and (27.38±1.22) d respectively (P=0.001).Conclusion For the treatment of implanted MPVTT in experimental rabbits,brachytherapy with 125I seed strand is safe and effective.
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Objective To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and apoptosis of the tumor cells in the different regions of rabbit liver VX2 tumor after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Methods Forty-eight experimental rabbits were implanted with VX2 tumor.After successfully established the model,the rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and RFA group (n=42).In the RFA group,7 rabbits at each time point were killed at immediately,1 day,2 days,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks after RFA,and the tumor specimens were retained and performed with HE staining,VEGF,Annexin V-FITC/PI labeling,flow cytometry analysis.The changes of VEGF and apoptosis of the cells in different periods and different zones after RFA were observed.Results After the operation,the difference of the VEGF value of the needle zone,coagulation necrotic zone and junction zone had statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The difference of the VEGF value in each zone between immediately and the other time points after operation by pairwise comparisons were significantly different (all P＜0.05).The VEGF value of the needle zone and coagulation necrotic zone reached the peak after operation immediately,which declined from 1 day to 3 weeks after operative.And VEGF of the junction zone increased from immediately to 1 week after operation,and declined 2 weeks after operation.There were significant differences in the apoptosis rate of the three zones after RFA compared with control group (all P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate in all zones were at the peak on the 1 day after operation,and then showed a downward trend.Conclusion The reduction of VEGF and apoptosis of tumor cells in the needle zone and coagulation necrotic zone are significant,but tumor remnant remains visible in the junction zone.In the third week after RFA,the proliferation of the remaining tumor cells can be recurrent to preoperative levels,which suggests that the further treatment should be performed at this period.
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Objective To relieve the influences of the respiratory motion on the liver contrast-enhance ultrasound (CEUS) image sequences,to enhance the quantitative analysis accuracy for liver CEUS and to put forward a correction strategy for the respiratory motion in liver CEUS sequences.Methods A principal component analysis (PCA) model of the respiratory motion in liver CEUS sequences was established with 18 cases of rabbit liver VX2 tumors,and a respiratory motion curve was generated based on the principal component with large data proportion,then the images with similar phases to the reference image were analyzed.Resnlts Correction made the mean structural similarity and mean correlation coefficient enhanced significantly to 0.57±0.11 and 0.78±0.11 respectively (P＜0.001),while the average of deviation valve (DV) was decreased to 29.9±7.02 which only was one-third of the original value.Threshold setting could further improve the quality of the selected image sequence.Conchusion The proposed respiratory motion method proves its effectiveness for rabbit liver CEUS image sequences,and thus contributes to enhancing the differential diagnosis rate of benign and malignant liver tumors.
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Objective To relieve the influences of the respiratory motion on the liver contrast-enhance ultrasound (CEUS) image sequences,to enhance the quantitative analysis accuracy for liver CEUS and to put forward a correction strategy for the respiratory motion in liver CEUS sequences.Methods A principal component analysis (PCA) model of the respiratory motion in liver CEUS sequences was established with 18 cases of rabbit liver VX2 tumors,and a respiratory motion curve was generated based on the principal component with large data proportion,then the images with similar phases to the reference image were analyzed.Resnlts Correction made the mean structural similarity and mean correlation coefficient enhanced significantly to 0.57±0.11 and 0.78±0.11 respectively (P＜0.001),while the average of deviation valve (DV) was decreased to 29.9±7.02 which only was one-third of the original value.Threshold setting could further improve the quality of the selected image sequence.Conchusion The proposed respiratory motion method proves its effectiveness for rabbit liver CEUS image sequences,and thus contributes to enhancing the differential diagnosis rate of benign and malignant liver tumors.
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To summarize and introduce the available methods of establishing rabbit models of VX2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) , and to explore the improvements at each stage in the preparation of the rabbit models, in order to provide a favorable animal model for future experimental research.
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Objective To discuss the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in assessing the early therapeutic effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for VX2 sarcomas in experimental rabbits. Methods VX2 sarcoma was inoculated at bilateral hind limbs in 14 New Zealand white rabbits to establish the animal models. The implanted VX2 tumor on one hind leg was treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA (study group), while no RFA was given to the VX2 tumor on the contralateral hind leg (control group). DWI-MRI was performed at 2 days after RFA, and 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination was employed at 3 days after RFA. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and standard uptake value (SUV) of the untreated tumor and the ablated tumor were separately calculated. Taking the pathologic result as the gold standard, the consistency of DWI-MRI, PET/CT as well as the combination of DWI-MRI and PET/CT with the clinical diagnosis was separately evaluated by Kappa test. Results Before RFA, DWI-MRI demonstrated that the VX2 tumor was characterized by hypo-intensity signal on T1 and hyper-intensity signal on T2 with ring-shaped enhancement on T1-weighted image; PET/CT showed that the tumor had nodular or ring-shaped 18F-FDG accumulation. After RFA, DWI-MRI revealed that the VX2 tumor was manifested as hyper-intensity signal on T1 and slight higher density on T1 with slight enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image; PET/CT showed lowered accumulation of 18F-FDG. The mean ADC value of the ablated tumor was (1.52 ± 0.24) × 10-3 mm2/s, which was obviously higher than that of the un-ablated tumor, that was (1.09 ± 0.12) × 10-3 mm2/s, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). The Kappa value of the consistency between combination of DWI-MRI with PET/CT and pathology was 0.786, which was significantly different from the result by simple DWI-MRI or simple PET/CT evaluation (P< 0.05). Conclusion Both ADC value of DWI-MRI and SUV value of PET/CT are useful indexes for evaluating the early therapeutic effect of RFA. Both DWI-MRI and PET/CT have their respective advantages, nevertheless, combination use of both can effectively improve the evaluation of curative effect for VX2 tumor after RFA in experimental rabbits.
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Objective Establish rabbit VX2 soft tissue tumor model,and treat it with percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging.Make ready for the therapeutic evaluation with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Fifteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were included in this study.0.2 mL tumor tissue suspensions were injected into the rabbits’posterior limb.14 days later,all rabbits were underwent conventional MRI examination.PET were performed to all the tumors under the guidance of MRI in the next day of the examination.T2 WI was used as guidance and monitoring means.MR com-patible puncture needle with lateral hole was stabed into the lesion center,and inj ected anhydrous ethanol according to the volume of tumors’diameter (1 mL/cm )slowly.the tumors signal characteristics,morphological feature and pathological feature were ob-served pre and post-operation.Results All of the 1 5 rabbits were established soft tissue tumor model successfully;the success rate is 100%.The tumors were oval or round,3-4 cm in diam.MRI scanning showed low signal on T1 WI and high signal on T2 WI be-fore PEI.PEI was performed to all the tumors under the guidance of MR successfully with 3.5 mL ethanol injected into the tumors in average.T2 WI could monitor the ethanol in dispersion and distribution within the tumors clearly.Histologically,tumors were composed of large,uniform,oval/round cells arranged in solid nests which was intensive in the periphery of tumors.Necrosis tissue was apparent in the center of the tumors.10 days after operation,most tissue in the periphery of tumors was coagulative necrosis , only a few tumor cells left.Ranges of necrosis in the tumors center were obviously increased compared with pre-operation.Conclusion Rabbit VX2 tumor of soft tissue model is suitable for the therapeutic evaluation of tumor .It is an animal model which has the characteristic of simple to operate and high rate of suc-cessful.MR T2 WI can monitor the ethanol in dispersion and distribution within the tumors clearly.It is a good guidance and monitoring imaging method of tumor ablation.
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Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of alginate-barium sulfate microspheres via transcatheter hepatic arterial infusion in treatment of liver VX2 tumors in rabbits. Methods: A total of 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 5 rabbits in group A (normal control group); 19 rabbits implanted with liver VX2 turnors were further divided into 2 groups, with 10 rabbits in group B (tumor control group) , and 9 in group C (therapy group). Rabbits in group C were catheterized with 3F microcatheter by Seldinger technique for interventional therapy. Spiral CT scanning was performed in group B and group C 14 days after implantation and 14 days after treatment. Liver function tests (TB, ALT, and AST) were performed before and 7 days after treatment. Five rabbits in group B and C were sacrificed to measure the tumor weight and volume; MVD and expression of CD34 and VEGF expression were examined by immunohistochemical technique. Survival periods of the animals were observed and animals were sacrificed 70 days after treatment. Results: Seven days after treatment, the ALT and AST in group B were significantly higher than those in group A and group C (P<0.01). Fourteen days after treatment, the average tumor weights in group C was significantly lower than that in group B ([2.434±0.992] g vs [4.696± 1.2461 g, P<0.01); and the tumor volume in group C was also significantly lower than that in group B ([2.126±0.929] cm3 vs [3.962±1.101] cm3, p< 0.01). Pathological examination showed large necrotic areas in the tumors in group C. CD34 stained necrotic area had no obvious microvessels. The angiogenesis was decreased greatly in the tumor tissues left. Weak VEGF expression was only found in the survived tumor cells. In contrast, group B had abundant cancer cells, large cancerous nests, abundant CD34 positive angiogenesis and strong cytoplasmic staining of VEGF. The survival of rabbits in group C was obviously longer than in group B. Conclusion: Treatment with alginate-barium sulfate microsphere via hepatic artery infusion is safe and feasible for treating liver VX2 tumor. Alginate-barium sulfate microspheres can obviously inhibit tumor growth and have less toxicity to the normal liver tissue.
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Objective:To observe the pathological changes of VX2 implanted breast cancer ablated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in rabbits. Methods:Thirty-six rabbits implanted VX2 breast carcinoma were randomly divided into treatment group (n=24) and control group (n=12) two weeks after implantation. HIFU ablation was performed in the treatment group guided by ultrasound B. The pathological changes were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining and then observed under electron microscope. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was measured. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Histopathologic observation found that the morphological features and nucleus karyotypes of tumor cells had no significant changes, but vacuole-like structure appeared in cytoplasm. Typical coagulation necrosis of tumor cells were observed under electron microscope. SDH activity detection showed that tumor cells were inactivated. The expressions of PCNA was positive in control group and negative in treatment group. Conclusion:Electron microscopy, enzyme property test, and immunohistochemistry verified that VX2 implanted breast cancer cells were dead after HIFU ablation in rabbits.
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Objective To assess the diagnostic performance of real-time contrast-enhanced ultra-sound Sonovuein diagnosing minute rabbit liver VX 2 tumors with diameter ≤10.0 mm.Methods Thir-ty New Zealand white rabbits inoculated with VX 2 tumor ( left, right lobe of each ) were examined by two-di-mensional ultrasound and CEUS .The contrast enhanced mode of small rabbit liver VX 2 tumors in different phase was observed and tumor in the rabbit's liver was pathologically verified .The diagnostic performances of two-dimensional US and CEUS in detecting the rabbit VX 2 tumors were analyzed and compared .Results Thirty-nine tumors were pathologically verified .The detection rates of small tumors by CEUS and two-di-mensional US were 12.8% and 79.5%, respectively , yielded significantly higher than that of 2-D US. Conclusion Real-time CEUS significantly improves the detection rates of small rabbit VX 2 liver tumors less than 10.0 mm in diameter .
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Objective To establish VX2 hepatic carcinoma model in rabbits by implanting the tumor fragment into the liver through percutaneous puncture under ultrasound guidance and to observe its growing and metastatic characteristics, to determine the optimal time for interventional experiment study with the model. Methods Inoculation of VX2 carcinoma fragment was performed in 28 New Zealand white rabbits. PET/CT and ultrasonography (US) examinations were carried out in the second, third and forth week after the inoculation, and each time two tumor-bearing rabbits were sacrificed for pathologic study. Results The successful rate of model establishment was 89.28% (25/28). On PET or CT scans, single lesion in the liver was demonstrated in 25 rabbits. Two, three and four weeks after the inoculation, the maximum diameter of the tumor was (4.82±0.80) mm, (16.05±2.89) mm and (30.08±5.38) mm respectively, while the metastasis rates was 0% (0/25), 13.04% (3/23), 76.19% (16/21) respectively. No significant necrosis was found in the second week after inoculation, only tiny coagulation necrosis was revealed in the third week, and massive necrosis was seen in the forth week. Conclusion Percutaneous inoculation of the tumor fragment into the liver under ultrasonographic guidance is a simple method to establish VX2 hepatic carcinoma in rabbits with a high successful rate. The third week after inoculation is the suitable time for making interventional experiment study.
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Objective: To study the correlation between MR perfusion imaging and pathology after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using VX2 liver cancer model and to provide a theoretical basis to evaluate the curative effect of TACE. Methods; Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits (weight: 2.5-3.0kg) were randomly divided into three groups, with 5 in each group (group 1, pre-TACE; group2, 3 days after TACE; group 3,1 week after TACE). The rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma models were presented in all rabbits. All of the three groups received TACE at three weeks after the tumor was implanted. The MR perfusion imaging was performed before chemoembolization, at 3 days and 1 week after chemoembolization respectively for group 1, 2 and 3. Each animal was then sacrificed for pathology observation after MR examination. Results: The lesions assessed before TACE were hyperintense compared with the surrounding liver parenchyma on DWI images. The volume of neoplastic cells became large. Nucleus was hypertrophic with different size and shape. Phase of nucleous mitosis showed in many cells and necrosis was hardly seen. No obvious difference was found between the peripheral area and the core area. At 3 days after TACE, the heterogeneous hypo-intense was observed on DWI images. Many nuclear fragmentation and caryolysis appeared on pathology. Neoplasm necrosis was seen. At 1 week after TACE, the heterogeneous hypo-intense areas became larger. Light microscopy showed incomplete necrosis. There were increased karyopycnosis and nuclear fragmentation. Conclusion: MR perfusion imaging of VX2 liver cancer corresponds well with pathology and can reflect the outcome of liver cancer after TACE.
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This study investigated the inhibitory effect of the extract of fungi of Huaier (EFH) on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.Hep-G2 cells,a human HCC cell line,were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and treated with EFH of different concentrations (1,2,4,8 mg/mL) for 24,48 and 72 h respectively.The apoptosis rate of the cells was flow cytometrically measured.Thirty-six tumor-bearing New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A (control group),in which the rabbits were infused with 0.2 mL/kg normal saline via the hepatic artery;group B (transhepatic artery chemoembolization [TACE] group),in which the rabbits were given lipiodol at 0.2 mL/kg plus MMC at 0.5 mg/kg via the hepatic artery;group C (TACE +EFH group),in which EFH (500 mg/kg) were orally administered after TACE.Two weeks after TACE,the rabbits were sacrificed and the implanted tumors were sampled.The tumor volume and the necrosis rate were determined.The tumor tissues were immunohistochemically detected for the expressions of factor Ⅷ,VEGF,P53,Bax and Bcl-2.The microvessel density (MVD) was calculated by counting the factor Ⅷ-positive endothelial cells.Our results showed that after treatment with EFH,the apoptosis rate of Hep-G2 cells was enhanced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.Two weeks after the treatment,the average tumor volume,the necrosis rate and the growth rate of the implanted tumor in group C were significantly different from those in groups A and B (P<0.05).MVD and VEGF expressions were significantly decreased in the group C when compared with those in groups B (P<0.05 for all).The Bax expression was weakest in group A and strongest in group C.The expressions of P53 and Bcl-2 were minimal in group C and maximal in group A.There were significant differences in the expressions of P53,Bax and Bcl-2 among the 3 groups (P<0.05 for all) and there was significant difference between group B and group C (P<0.05).It was concluded that EFH could suppress not only the growth of HCC cells but also tumor angiogenesis and it can induce the apoptosis of HCC cells.EFH serves as an alternative for the treatment of HCC.
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Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect on the VX2 tumor of rabbit with CT-guided percutaneous high-temperature pingyangmycin lipiodol injecting. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were performed to plant rabbit VX2 tumor in the left liver leaf. After two weeks, all the rabbits were scanned with CT and divided into 5 groups randomly, and every group was injected different temperature pingyangmycin combined with lipiodol, then the effect was evaluated after 2 weeks. Results Compared with control group, the volume of VX2 tumor in every group injected high-temperature lipiodol reduced obviously (P<0.05), and the necrosis rate of hepatic transplant tumor increased significantly (P<0.05) as the temperature increased. MVD value of the tumor and VEGF expression obviously reduced (P<0.05), there was a positive relationship between MVD value and VEGF expression with the temperature. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous high-temperature pingyangmycin lipiodol injecting can inhibit the VX2 tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis formation obviously, and the higher temperature, the better the therapeutic effect.
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Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of microwave radiation combined with Adriamycin liposome on liver VX2 tumor in rabbits. Methods VX2 tumor pieces were successfully implanted into liver lobes of rabbits with liver tumors formation. All rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups (each n=8). Group A underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with Adriamycin, group B were treated with Adriamycin liposome, group C were treated with microwave radiation combinate with Adriamycin, and group D were treated with microwave radiation combinate with Adriamycin liposome. Spiral CT scans was performed to measure size of liver tumors at 1 day before operation and 14 days after operation, and liver function was tested at 1 day before operation, 1 day and 7 days after operation. Breathing frequency, heart rate and body temperture were measured before microwave radiation processing of microwave radiation, at 30 min after microwave radiation and 1 h after microwave radiation. All experimental animals were scarficed on the 15th day after operation and followed by pathologic and histologic examination of the tumor and after the operation with correlative comparisons. Results There was no significant difference in volumes and liver function among 4 groups at 1 day before operation. At 14 days after operation, the average tumor volume was (6.02±1.21) cm3 in group A, (5.74±1.43) cm3 in group B, (3.26±0.37) cm3 in group C and (1.89±0.14) cm3 in group D. There was no significant difference of liver function among 4 groups. After microwave radiation the rabbit's vital signs were stable. The intratumoral necrosis was more significant in group D than in the others (P<0.05). Conclusion Adriamycin liposome treatment for liver tumor via vascular interventional method combined with microwave radiation can significantly inhibit the growth of liver VX2 tumor in rabbits. Adriamycin liposome is a kind of effective pracputium in interventional chemoembelization, and the united therapy is safe and acceptable.
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Objective: To study the changes in metabolism of (18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose) by positron emission tomography over computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging at different time points after inoculation of VX2 tumor cells into rabbits and determine the difference in FDG metablism between various inoculation regions. Methods: VX2 tumor cells were inoculated into rabbits. PET/CT imaging was performed at d 14 and d 19 postinoculation. The tumor growth and SUV (standard uptake value) changes were recorded. Tumor volume was defined in CT images. SUVmax was used in the calculation of retention index (RI). The distribution of 18F-FDG was observed in tumor samples and pathological examination was performed. The correlations of tumor volume and SUV value at various time points was analyzed. Results: Continuous dynamic PET/CT imaging found that VX2 tumor grew rapidly and the volume of tumor body gradually increased with the prolongation of postinoculation time. A linear increase in SUV was observed when the postinoculation time was prolonged. The tumor volume and SUV value had significant correlation with postinoculation time (r = 0.89, r = 0.93, P 0.05). SUV value was not associated with tumor volume at different time points (P > 0.05). Pathological examination validated that the tissues with accumulation of 18-FDG were enriched with tumor cells. Conclusion: VX2 xenografted model in rabbit is an ideal animal model for PET/CT imaging. Similar tumor growth and invasion style are observed regardless of different postinoculation days and body part. The efficacy of radiochemothery should be mornitored by PET/CT imaging in the period when the metablism of 18-FDG increases in linear.
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Objective:To explore the anti-tumor and hypoxia regulatory effect of HIF-1?siRNA in tumor tissues. Methods:The HIF-1?siRNA adenovirus vectors targeting HIF-1?were constructed and the rabbit VX2 tumor model was established.The constructed vectors were injected into rabbits through ear vein;noninterference sequence was injected as control.PET(positron emission computed tomography)was used to observe the changes of hypoxia and necrosis in tumor tissues.The tumors were removed and the tumor volumes were measured.H-E staining was used to observe the degree of the necrosis;RT-PCR was used to detect the change of HIF-1?expression in tumor tissues.Results:The recombinant HIF-1?siRNA adenovirus vectors were successfully constructed,with a titre of 1.1?10~(10)pfu/mL.PET imaging showed that the SUV of ~(18)F-FDG was significantly decreased in HIF-1?siRNA injected group than that in the control group ([3.51?0.36]%vs[8.73?0.83]%,P
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Objective:To investigate the influence of Bifidobacterium adolescence on the expression of HIF-1?and VEGF in rabbit VX2 tumor.Methods:Rabbit VX2 tumor models were established and were divided into two groups(n= 10).Animals in the experimental group were injected with Bifidobacterium adolescence and those in the control group received normal saline via ear vein.Animals were sacrificed and the liver,kidney,spleen,heart,lung and tumor tissues were removed,cultured and Gram stained.The changes of tumor tissue were observed by H-E staining;immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HIF-1?and VEGF in tumor tissues.Results:Bifidobacterium adolescence could target the tumor tissue.H-E staining showed the necrotic area was obviously enlarged after treatment with Bifidobacterium. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the positive rates of HIF-1?and VEGF in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P