Descripción teórica del desempeño electroanalítico del material compuesto de oxihidróxido de vanadio con el colorante escuárico en la detección de la carfedona

Introducción: en este trabajo se evalúa desde el punto de vista mecanístico teórico el comportamiento electroanalítico del compuesto oxihidróxido de vanadio-colorante escuárico en la detección de la carfedona. El proceso electroanalítico incluye la formación de dos formas de vanadio tetravalente, incluyendo el dióxido de vanadio e ion vanadilo. Método: un mecanismo, capaz de describir el comportamiento del sensor, ha sido sugerido y un modelo matemático fue desarrollado y analizado mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones. Resultados: el análisis del modelo ha probado que la dependencia lineal entre la concentración del fármaco y el parámetro electroquímico se mantiene firme en la ancha región topo-lógica de parámetros. Las inestabilidades oscilatoria y monotónica suelen realizarse cuando son causadas por influencias fuertes de las etapas química y electroquímica en la capacitancia de la doble capa eléctrica. Conclusiones: el compuesto de nano-partículas de oxihidróxido de vanadio (estabilizadas con el colorante escuárico) puede servir como un modificador eficiente de electrodo para la detección de la carfedona. El oxihidróxido de vanadio desempeña funciones de sustancia activa y el colorante, de la mediadora.

SUMMARY Introduction: In this work, the electroanalytical behavor of the vanadium oxyhydroxide-squaraine dye composite for the carfedon detection is evaluated. The electroanalytical process includes the formation of two tetravalent vanadium forms, including vanadium dioxide and vanadylion. Methods: A mechanism, capable to describe the sensor behavior, has been suggested, and the correspondent mathematical model has been developed and analyzed by means of the linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. Results: The model analysis has proved that the linear dependence between the drug concentration and the concentration is firmly maintained in a wide topological parameter region. As for the oscillatory and monotonic instabilities, they may be realized, being caused by strong influences of the chemical and electrochemical stages on double electric layer capacitance. Conclusions: The vanadium oxyhydroxide composite with the squaraine dye may serve as an efficient electrode modifier for carfedone determination. The vanadium oxyhydroxide works as an active substance and the dye as a mediator.

Introdução: neste trabalho, avalia-se, do ponto de vista mecanístico teórico, o comportamento eletroanalítico do compósito oxihidróxido do vanádio-corante esquárico na detecção da carfedona. O processo eletroanalítico inclui a formação de duas formas do vanádio tetravalente, incluindo o dióxido de vanádio e íon vanadila. Método: um mecanismo, capaz de descrever o comportamento do sensor, tem sido sugerido e um modelo matemático correspondente, desenvolvido e analisado por meio da teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações. Resultados: a análise do modelo tem provado que a dependência linear entre a concentração do fármaco e o parâmetro eletroquímico se mantém firme numa ampla região topológica de parâmetros. Já as instabilidades oscilatória e monotônica soem realizar-se, sendo causadas pelas influências fortes das etapas química e electroquímica na capacitância da dupla camada elétrica. Conclusões: o compósito de nanopartículas do oxihidróxido de vanádio, estabilizadas pelo corante esquárico, pode servir de um modificador eficaz para a detecção da carfedona. O oxihidróxido de vanádio desempenha as funções de substância ativa, e o corante, de mediador.

Direct Evidence for Intracellular Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells: Insulin-independent Glucose Metabolisms

In our previous study, carbonates, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, influence glucose metabolism in vitro, using Py-3Y1-S2 rat fibroblast cells, and these compounds accelerate significantly glucose consumption. In the present study, the effects of the carbonates on glucose metabolism were examined to determine whether these effects are universal among different cell lines, VERO green monkey kidney cells, TE-13 human esophageal cancer cells, and HepG2 human cells. Glucose was completely converted to lactate, which disappeared gradually from the culture medium. However, the disappearance of lactate from the medium was independent of carbonates. The present study clarified that NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 directly regulate glucose metabolism among different cell lines via an insulin-independent pathway, that is, intracellular homeostasis.

Vanadium inhibits Type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced aortic ultrastructural alterations associated with the Inhibition of dyslipidemia and biomarkers of inflammation in rats / El vanadio inhibe las alteraciones ultraestructurales aórticas inducidas por la diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 asociadas con la inhibición de la dislipidemia y los biomarcadores de inflamación en ratas

The potential inhibitory effect of the insulin mimicking agent, vanadium on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)induced alterations to the aorta ultrastructure associated with the suppression of dyslipedima and biomarkers of inflammation has not been investigated before. Therefore, we tested whether vanadium can protect against aortic injury induced secondary to T2DM possibly via the inhibition of blood lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. T2DM was induced in rats by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (50 mg/ kg), and the treatment group started vanadium treatment five days post diabetic induction and continued until being sacrificed at week 10. Using light and electron microscopy examinations, we observed in the model group substantial damage to the aorta tissue such as damaged endothelium, degenerative cellular changes with vacuolated cytoplasm and thickened internal elastic lamina that were substantially ameliorated by vanadium. Administration of vanadium to diabetic rats also significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood levels of glucose, hyperlipidemia and biomarkers of inflammation (TNF-a, IL-6). We conclude that vanadium protects against T2DM-induced aortic ultrastructural damage in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of blood sugar and lipid and inflammatory biomarkers.

El potencial efecto inhibidor del agente imitador de la insulina, el vanadio en las alteraciones inducidas por la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en la ultraestructura de la aorta, asociada con la supresión de dislipidemia y los biomarcadores de inflamación no se ha investigado anteriormente. El objetivo fue estudiar las propiedades del vanadio para proteger contra la lesión aórtica inducida a la DM2, a través de la inhibición de los lípidos sanguíneos y los biomarcadores inflamatorios. La DM2 fue inducida en ratas con una dieta alta en grasas y estreptozotocina (50 mg / kg), y el grupo de tratamiento fue sometido a un régimen continuo con vanadio, cinco días después de la inducción diabética hasta ser sacrificadas en la semana 10. Se utilizaron exámenes de luz y microscopía electrónica en el grupo modelo y se observó un daño sustancial al tejido de la aorta, como también en el endotelio; los cambios celulares degenerativos con citoplasma vacuolado y lámina elástica interna engrosada mejoró sustancialmente con vanadio. La administración de vanadio a ratas diabéticas también redujo significativamente (p <0,05) los niveles sanguíneos de la glucosa, hiperlipidemia y los biomarcadores de inflamación (TNFa, IL-6). En conclusión, el vanadio protege contra el daño ultraestructural aórtico inducido por T2DM en ratas, que es asociado con la inhibición del azúcar en la sangre y los biomarcadores de lípidos y de inflamatorios.

In vitro Studies of Antitumor Activity of Vanadium Complexes with Orotic and Glutamic Acids / Estudos in vitro da Atividade Antitumoral de Complexos de Vanádio com Ácidos Órotico e Glutâmico / Estudios in vitro de la Actividad Antitumoral de Complejos de Vanadio con Ácidos Orótico y Glutámico

Introduction: Three vanadium complexes with orotic and glutamic acids, in their anion forms, were prepared and their in vitro cytotoxicity toward human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) are reported. Objective: Describe the synthesis and characterization of new vanadium complexes with orotic and glutamic acids, and test its antitumor activity against HepG2 and Caco-2. Method: The complexes were formulated as VO (oro), VO (α-glu) and VO (γ-glu) based on chemical, thermogravimetric analyses and infrared spectra. Results: Resazurin assay demonstrates its cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines with the IC50 ranging from 7.90 to 44.56 µmol.L-1. The cytotoxicity profiles indicate that the tumoral lines show more activity than the cells MRC-5, with selectivity indexes ranging from 1.58 to 8.96. Conclusion: The three complexes had better in vitro activity than cisplatin for both normal and cancer cell lines. The IC50 values are two to six times better for the cancer cell ines and five to seven times better for the normal cell lines. This study indicates that the complexes obtained are promising candidates for antitumor drugs.

Introdução: Foram preparados três complexos de vanádio com ácidos orótico e glutâmico, em suas formas aniônicas, e foi testada sua citotoxicidade in vitro para fibroblastos pulmonares humanos (MRC-5), carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HepG2) e adenocarcinoma colorretal humano (Caco-2). Objetivo: Descrever a síntese e caracterização de novos complexos de vanádio com ácidos orótico e glutâmico e testar sua atividade antitumoral contra HepG2 e Caco-2. Método: Os complexos foram formulados como VO (oro), VO (α-glu) e VO (γ-glu) com base em análises químicas, termogravimétricas e espectros no infravermelho. Resultados: O ensaio de resazurina demonstrou sua citotoxicidade contra as linhagens celulares HepG2 e Caco-2 com o IC50 variando de 7,90 a 44,56 µmol.L-1. Os perfis de citotoxicidade indicam que as linhas tumorais apresentam maior atividade que as células MRC-5, com índices de seletividade variando de 1,58 a 8,96. Conclusão: Os três complexos tiveram melhor atividade in vitro do que a cisplatina, tanto para linhagens celulares normais como cancerosas. Os valores de IC50 são de duas a seis vezes melhores para as linhagens celulares cancerosas e de cinco a sete vezes melhores para as linhagens celulares normais. Este estudo indica que os complexos obtidos são promissores candidatos a fármacos antitumorais.

Introducción: Tres complejos de vanadio con ácidos orótico y glutámico, en sus formas aniónicas, fueram preparados. Su citotoxicidad in vitro hacia los fibroblastos pulmonares humanos (MRC-5), el carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HepG2) y el adenocarcinoma colorrectal humano (Caco-2) son reportados. Objetivo: Los principales objetivos de este trabajo son describir la síntesis y caracterización de nuevos complejos de vanadio con ácidos orótico y glutámico y probar su actividad antitumoral contra el HepG2 y el Caco-2. Método: Los complejos fueron formulados como VO (oro), VO (α-glu) y VO (γ-glu) basados en análisis químicos, termogravimétricos y espectros infrarrojos. El ensayo de resazurina demuestra su citotoxicidad contra las líneas celulares HepG2 y Caco-2 con el IC50 que van de 7,90 a 44,56 µmol.L-1. Los perfiles de citotoxicidad indican que las líneas tumorales presentan mayor actividad que los MRC-5, con índices de selectividad que van de 1,58 a 8,96. Conclusión: Los tres complejos tuvieron mejor actividad in vitro que el cisplatino, tanto para líneas celulares normales como para líneas celulares cancerosas. Los valores del IC50 son de dos a seis veces mejores para las líneas celulares de cáncer y de cinco a siete veces mejores para las líneas celulares normales. Este estudio indica que los complejos obtenidos son candidatos prometedores para fármacos antitumorales.

A descrição teórica da detecção eletroanalítica do letrozol, assistida pelo compósito VO(OH)-polipirrol, obtido catodicamente / Theoretical description for the letrozol electroanalytical determination, assisted by the cathodically obtained composite VO(OH)-polypyrrole

RESUMO O processo da determinação eletroanalítica do fármaco letrozol, assistida pelo compósito VO(OH)-polipirrol, obtido mediante um processo catódico, foi descrito teoricamente. Tanto para a síntese do compósito, como para o processo eletroana-lítico foi sugerido e analisado, mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações, um modelo matemático. Foi mostrado que, ao contrário da eletrossín-tese de polipirrol catódica, iniciada por um composto na solução, o polipirrol resultante tem uma morfologia mais "centrada" aos centros ativos da matriz, dopados pelos cátions VO2+. No entretanto, tanto a síntese do compósito, como o seu desempenho eletroanalítico com o letrozol podem ser considerados eficientes.

SUMMARY The process of the electroanalytical determination of letrozol drug, assisted by the cathodically obtained VO(OH)-Polypyrrole, has been theoretically described. For both the composite synthesis and electroanalytical function a mathematical model has been suggested and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It was shown that, contrarily to the cathodic polypyrrole electrosynthesis, initiated by a compound in a solution, the resulting cathodic polypyrrole has more "centred" morphology, in the relation to the matrix active centers, doped by VO2+ cations. Nevertheless, either the synthesis of the composite, or its electroanalytical function with letrozole may be considered efficient.

A descrição matemática do desempenho eletroanalítico do compósito poli(alaranjado da acridina)-oxihidróxido de vanádio na detecção eletrorredutiva da entacapona / The mathematical description for the electroanalytical function of poly (acridine orange) - vanadium oxyhydroxide in electroreductive detection of entacapone

RESUMO Por meio de uma análise teórica, foi avaliado o desempenho do compósito do oxihidróxido do vanádio trivalente com o polímero do corante alaranjado da acridina, na detecção eletroquímica do fármaco antiparquinsônico entacapona. O processo eletroanalítico é baseado na eletrorredução do fármaco mencionado. Do desenvolvimento e da análise do modelo matemático correspondente, mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e anáise de bifurcações, foi possível concluir que o compósito pode ser um modificador eficiente para a determinação da entacapona. Os comportamentos oscilatórios e monotônico, neste sistema, também são passíveis de realizar.

SUMMARY By means of a theoretical analysis, the function of trivalent vanadium oxyhydroxyde composite with the polymer of the acridine orange dye for electrochemical evaluation of entacapone antiparkinsonic drug has been evaluated. The electroanalytical process is based on the electrochemical reduction of the mentioned drug. From development and analysis of the correspondent mathematical model by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis, it was possible to conclude that the composite is an efficient electrode modifier for entacapone determination. The oscillatory and monotonic instabilities in this system are also capable to realize.

Análisis teórico de la posibilidad de la detección electroquímica de la sacarina, asistida por oxihidróxido de vanadio / The theoretical analysis of the possibility of the electrochemical determination of saccharin, assisted by vanadium (III) oxyhydroxide

RESUMEN Mediante el análisis mecanístico teórico, ha sido evaluada la posibilidad del empleo del oxihidróxido de vanadio como modificador de electrodo para la detección electroquímica de sacarina. El proceso electroanalítico se realiza a través de un proceso catódico. El modelo matemático correspondiente ha sido analizado mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones. El análisis del modelo ha mostrado que el oxihidróxido de vanadio puede ser un modificador eficiente para la detección electroquímica de la sacarina en las condiciones del pH suficientemente ácido para mover el proceso, pero insuficiente para disolver el oxihidróxido. Las causas de los comportamientos oscilatorio y monotónico también fueron estipuladas.

SUMMARY By means of the theoretical mechanistic analysis, the possibility of the use of vanadium oxyhydroxide as electrode modifier for saccharin electrochemical determination has been evaluated. The electroanalytical process is realizing by a cathodic route. The correspondent mathematical model has been analyzed by means of the linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The analysis of the model has shown that the vanadium oxyhydroxide is an efficient electrode modifier for saccharin electrochemical detection in pH sufficiently low to maintain the process, but insufficiently acidic to dissolve the oxyhydroxide. The causes for the oscillatory and monotonic instabilities have also been derived.

Avaliação teórica do uso do oxihidróxido de vanádio trivalente na detecção eletroquímica de nandrolona / The theoretical evaluation of the use of trivalent vanadium oxyhydroxide in the electrochemical determination of nandrolone

RESUMO Pela primeira vez foi descrito um caso interessante de uso do oxihidróxido de vanádio trivalente (VO(OH)) como modificador de elétrodo na detecção eletroquímica de nandrolona. Foi mostrado que o oxihidróxido de vanádio pode ser um modificador eficiente para a detecção de nandrolona, mas, ao contrário da maioria dos casos de uso de oxihidróxido de cobalto, composto parecido, o processo é catódico e dá-se em meio moderadamente ácido a neutro. O comportamento oscilatório, no sistema, é possível apenas por causa das influências do processo da eletrorredução de vanádio tetravalente em trivalente na dupla camada elétrica.

SUMMARY An interesting case of the use of trivalent vanadium oxyhydroxide (VO(OH)) as an electrode modifier for nandrolone electrochemical determination has been described for the first time. It was shown that vanadium (III) oxyhydroxide may be an efficient electrode modifier for nandrolone determination, but, contrarily to the majority of the cases of the use of cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide, which is a relative compound, the process is cathodic and it is realized in moderately acid solutions, tending to neutral. The oscillatory behavior in the system is possible, due to the influence of the electrochemical reduction of tetravalent vanadium to trivalent in double electric layer.

Impact of occupational vanadium exposure and HSP70-hom polymorphism on workers' oxidative stress level / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interaction of occupational vanadium exposure and heat shock protein 70-hom( HSP70-hom) gene polymorphism on the oxidative stress level of workers. METHODS: By judgment sampling,87 workers from vanadium products plant as vanadium exposure group and 63 workers from chemical industry as control group were enrolled into this investigation. The activities of total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD),manganese-containing superoxide dismutase( Mn-SOD),copper and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase( Cu Zn-SOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase( iNOS),and the level of malondialdehyde( MDA) in the serum of studied subjects were detected. The HSP70-hom genotype was examined by restricted fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction. Based on the above data,the comprehensive impact of HSP70-hom gene polymorphism and vanadium exposure on workers' oxidative stress level was analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the control one,the activities of serum T-SOD and Mn-SOD of vanadium-exposed group were significantly decreased( P < 0. 01),while the level of serum MDA was significantly increased( P < 0. 01).Furthermore,the serum T-SOD activity of T / T genotype was statistically lower than that of T / C + C / C genotype( P <0. 01). Both high serum( T-SOD) activity and high MDA level were significantly influenced by the interaction between vanadium exposure and HSP70-hom polymorphism by univariate Logistic regression analysis( P < 0. 05). Using multiple Logistic regression and crossover analysis,multiplicative and additive interactions on high serum( T-SOD) activity between vanadium exposure and HSP70-hom polymorphism was observed [odds ratio( OR) was 6. 051,95% confidence interval( CI) : 1. 001-36. 572,P = 0. 05]and the attributable proportion due to interaction was 0. 935( 95% CI: 0. 086-1. 783).However,high serum MDA level was significantly associated with vanadium exposure [OR( 95% CI) : 6. 352( 3. 099-13. 021),P < 0. 01] without interaction observed. There was no significant effect of vanadium exposure or HSP70-hom polymorphism on either Cu Zn-SOD or iNOS. CONCLUSION: Vanadium exposure might have an impact on the oxidative stress level of the workers by regulating the activity of serum SOD and the level of serum MDA. Besides,vanadium exposure and HSP70-hom polymorphism could interactively interfere with serum T-SOD activity of workers.

Simple Method for Measuring Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Clinical Researches.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate a new simple colorimetric method for the assay of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in clinical researches and to compare between the role of vanadium chloride and nitrate reductase enzyme in the assay method. Methods and materials: The new method involved using RBCs lysate to measure eNOS of the endothelium, using NADPH recycling system to enable the colorimetric measurement of eNOS, and using vanadium chloride to converting nitrate to nitrite. The method repeated again using nitrate reductase then vanadium results were compared with nitrate reductase results. The clinical study involved sixty patients who were randomly divided into two groups; group one received atorvastatin 40 mg daily, group two (control group) received placebo capsules. Patients were examined both before and after six weeks for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and for international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) scores. Results: In comparison to nitrate reductase, vanadium showed no significant difference in eNOS activity indicating similar role and activity. However, In comparison to control group, atorvastatin showed a significant increase in eNOS (48.16% for vanadium, and 44.3% for nitrate reductase, P<0.05). Also, atorvastatin showed a significant increase in IIEF-5 score (39.16%, P<0.05) and there was a significant correlation between eNOS and IIEF-5 score (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study recommended this method for assaying eNOS using RBCs lysate, NADPH recycling system and vanadium chloride. This method is simple, reliable, and suitable for routine use in clinical researches.

Neuroprotective effect of PTEN inhibitor BPV on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigated the neuroprotective effect of PTEN inhibitor BPV on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to induce a reperfusion model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h. During the reperfusion, the BPV solution (0. 2 mg/kg daily) or the equal volume of saline was injected intraperitonealy immediately. The neurological deficit scores were conducted at day 1, 3,5, and 7 after ischemia-reperfusion. At day 4, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was used to assess cerebral infarction volume. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in cortical ischemic border zones. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of PTEN mRNA. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and p-GSK-3β. At day 7, Bielschowsky silver staining was used to detect the axonal distribution in the ischemic border zone of the striatum. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). Results At day 4 after ischemia-reperfusion, the infarct volume (32. 27% ± 1. 71% vs. 45. 49% ± 2. 12% ; P < 0. 001), TNF-α concentration in the cortical ischemic border zones (134. 17 ± 10. 38 pg/ml vs. 264. 17 ± 24. 84 pg/ml; P < ), and PTEN mRNA level (1. 19 ± 0. 08 vs. 2. 50 ± 0. 06; P < 0. 001) in the rats of the BPV group were al significantly lower than those of the normal saline group. The IL-10 concentration (186. 83 ± 10. 83 pg/ml vs. 147. 83 ± 11. 62 pg/ml; P < 0. 001), and the expression levels of PI3K (0. 43 ± 0. 08 vs. 0. 26 ± 0. 06; P = 0. 004), Akt (0. 52 ± 0. 05 vs. 0. 40 ± 0. 04;P = 0. 001), and p-GSK-3β (0. 75 ± 0. 08 vs. 0. 38 ± 0. 06; P < 0. 001) were al significantly higher than those of the normal saline group. At day 7 after ischemia-reperfusion, the neurological deficit score (4. 83 ± 0. 41 vs. 6. 33 ± 0. 52; P < 0. 001) in the rats of the BPV group was significantly lower than that of the normal saline group. The axon densities in the ischemic border zones (35. 51% ± 2. 45% vs. 25. 31% ± 2. 79% ; P < 0. 001) and the expression level of MBP (32. 56% ± 3. 46% vs. 27. 81% ± 4. 18% ; P = 0. 037) were significantly higher than those of the normal saline group. Conclusions BPV has neuroprotective effect for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Its mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of PTEN downstream proteins PI3K, Akt and p-GSK-3β expression to regulate inflammatory mediators and reduce the inflammatory response.

The Importance of Vanadium Concentration in Ground and Deep Ground Water for Spring Water Quality / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or health-promoting. Therefore, the knowledge of its concentration in the drinking therapeutic water, in particular in the medicinal mineral sources seems to be very important. This study was based on literature giving vanadium concentrations in some drinking waters derived from the ground and deep ground water.<BR>  The concentration of vanadium in ground water shown varies in the range from 1-138<i>μ</i>gl⁻¹. In volcanic regions of Italy vanadium concentration increases in relation to the water of a river as much as 100 fold. The concentration of vanadium in the mineral waters ranges from 1-93<i>μ</i>gl⁻¹. The problem of acceptable and desired concentration of vanadium in natural waters in the mineral remainsopen, but it seems that this concentration in the tested samples is not too high.

The Importance of Vanadium Concentration in Ground and Deep Ground Water for Spring Water Quality / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or health-promoting. Therefore, the knowledge of its concentration in the drinking therapeutic water, in particular in the medicinal mineral sources seems to be very important. This study was based on literature giving vanadium concentrations in some drinking waters derived from the ground and deep ground water.   The concentration of vanadium in ground water shown varies in the range from 1-138μgl−1. In volcanic regions of Italy vanadium concentration increases in relation to the water of a river as much as 100 fold. The concentration of vanadium in the mineral waters ranges from 1-93μgl−1. The problem of acceptable and desired concentration of vanadium in natural waters in the mineral remains open, but it seems that this concentration in the tested samples is not too high.

Efecto in vitro del pentóxido de vanadio (V2O5) sobre la calidad espermática / In vitro effect of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) on sperm quality

El vanadio es un metal pesado considerado como un contaminante ambiental, producto de la manipulación antropogénica, que incide sobre el potencial reproductivo masculino, especialmente sobre la movilidad espermática. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto in vitro del pentóxido de vanadio sobre la calidad espermática. Se incubaron suspensiones de espermatozoides humanos por 24 horas bajo concentraciones de 0, 1 y 2 ppm V2O5, se realizó la valoración de la movilidad y vitalidad espermática, la integridad de membrana, la reacción acrosómica y la integridad de la cromatina espermática. El V2O5 alteró de manera significativa la movilidad espermática, específicamente los patrones de movilidad espermática moderado (p < 0.01), lento (p = 0.01) e inmóvil (p < 0.01). Los grupos tratados con V2O5 presentaron un porcentaje de espermatozoides vivos significativamente mayor al grupo control (p < 0.01). La integridad de membrana y reacción acrosómica no resultaron afectadas por la exposición de espermatozoides humanos a V2O5 (p > 0.05). De igual modo, no se observaron alteraciones del material nuclear (p > 0.05). El vanadio es capaz de alterar la movilidad y vitalidad espermática sin inducir cambios sobre la integridad de membrana y la cromatina espermática.

Vanadium is a heavy metal considered an environmental pollutant product of anthropogenic manipulation; it influences the masculine reproductive potential, especially the sperm motility. This research had the objective of determining the effect of vanadium pentoxide on sperm quality in vitro. Spermatozoa were incubated for 24 hours under 0, 1 and 2 ppm V2O5 concentrations, and sperm motility and vitality, membrane integrity, acrosome reaction and sperm chromatin integrity were assessed. V2O5 altered sperm motility in a significant way, specifically moderated (p < 0.01), slow (p = 0.01), and non motile (p < 0.01) sperm motility patterns. The groups treated with V2O5 had a major percentage of live spermatozoa than the control group (p < 0.01). Membrane integrity and acrosome reaction were not affected by human sperm exposition to V2O5 (p > 0.05). Similarly, we did not observe nuclear material alterations. Vanadium is able to alter sperm motility and viability without inducing changes on membrane and chromatin integrity.

Beneficial effects of natural Jeju groundwaters on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats

BACKGROUND: Groundwater is believed to possess many beneficial effects due to its natural source of various minerals. In this study, we examined the effects of natural Jeju groundwater S1 (Samdasoo(TM)), S2 and S3 pumped up from different locations of Jeju Island, Korea, along with local tap water, on body weight gain, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and liver histopathology in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Different water samples were supplied to the hyperlipidemic rats as their daily drinking water and the widely-used anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin was used as a positive control. Body weight, serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured weekly. Liver weight, liver index and liver histopathology were examined after the execution of the rats. RESULTS: After drinking Jeju groundwaters for two months, S2 but not S3 significantly reduced weight growth and serum triglycerides levels and increased high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) without affecting total cholesterol or LDL-C. S1 and particularly S2 significantly reduced the severity of liver hypertrophy and steatosis. All Groundwaters had much higher contents of vanadium (S3>S2>S1>>tap water) whereas S1 and S2 but not S3 markedly blocked autoxidation of ferrous ions. CONCLUSION: Jeju Groundwater S1 and particularly S2 exhibit protective effects against hyperlipidemia and fatty liver and hypothesize that the beneficial effect of Jeju Groundwaters may be contributed from blockade of autoxidation of ferrous ions rather than their high contents of vanadium.

16-4The Importance of vanadium concentration in water used in medical hydrology / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Introduction: </b>The dream of mankind since immemorial times is opportunity to drinking water from the source of life, water that restores health. The healing waters, which include spring and mineral waters derived from groundwater and deepwater. Depending on the geological origin of water they contain different content of minerals including metals like vanadium. Data available from animal studies, cell culture, and few clinical observations suggest the benefit from vanadium supplementation in diabetes.<BR><b>Objectives: </b>Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or therapeutic. Unfortunately the WHO or other comparable authority did not rule definitively on this matter. Because of it, the aim of this study was, based on literature, to compare vanadium concentrations in some waters, particularly derived from the ground and deepground, <BR><b>Methods: </b>Literature review. Measurements of the concentration of vanadium in publications included in this review, in the tested water samples were performed with spectroscopic techniques<BR><b>Results: </b>The concentration of vanadium in mineral water and groundwater ranges from 0-138μg/l, this means that some water content was below the detection limit. The survey of the chemical composition of 571 European bottled mineral waters from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine shows that the concentration of vanadium was above the detection limit (1μg/l ) only in about 12% of the samples ¹⁾. while 132 samples of water from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad, the US and Yugoslavia vanadium concentration contain within 0.0006-93.1μg/l ²⁾. The content of vanadium shows a fairly close relationship with the geological structure of the region of origin. In volcanic regions concentration increases in relation to the water of the river as much as 100 fold. The vanadium content in groundwater in Spain in the areas of Grenada ranged from 10.8-13μg/l ³⁾, in Italy in area of Etna 18-138 μg/l, Lake Bracciano 17-30μg/l and the Costello 1-82μg/l ⁴⁾, whereas, at the Lake Biwa in Japan 0.26 μg/l mm and in rainwater in Kyoto 0.37 μg/l ⁵⁾. <BR><b>Conclusions: </b>There is an urgent need to identify desirable and maximum permissible content of vanadium in the waters, especially in the waters used in medical hydrology. They can be useful here, observations of the state of health of the population living in regions with varying vanadium content.

16-4 The Importance of vanadium concentration in water used in medical hydrology / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Introduction: The dream of mankind since immemorial times is opportunity to drinking water from the source of life, water that restores health. The healing waters, which include spring and mineral waters derived from groundwater and deepwater. Depending on the geological origin of water they contain different content of minerals including metals like vanadium. Data available from animal studies, cell culture, and few clinical observations suggest the benefit from vanadium supplementation in diabetes. Objectives: Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or therapeutic. Unfortunately the WHO or other comparable authority did not rule definitively on this matter. Because of it, the aim of this study was, based on literature, to compare vanadium concentrations in some waters, particularly derived from the ground and deepground, Methods: Literature review. Measurements of the concentration of vanadium in publications included in this review, in the tested water samples were performed with spectroscopic techniques Results: The concentration of vanadium in mineral water and groundwater ranges from 0-138μg/l, this means that some water content was below the detection limit. The survey of the chemical composition of 571 European bottled mineral waters from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine shows that the concentration of vanadium was above the detection limit (1μg/l ) only in about 12% of the samples 1). while 132 samples of water from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad, the US and Yugoslavia vanadium concentration contain within 0.0006-93.1μg/l 2). The content of vanadium shows a fairly close relationship with the geological structure of the region of origin. In volcanic regions concentration increases in relation to the water of the river as much as 100 fold. The vanadium content in groundwater in Spain in the areas of Grenada ranged from 10.8-13μg/l 3), in Italy in area of Etna 18-138 μg/l, Lake Bracciano 17-30μg/l and the Costello 1-82μg/l 4), whereas, at the Lake Biwa in Japan 0.26 μg/l mm and in rainwater in Kyoto 0.37 μg/l 5). Conclusions: There is an urgent need to identify desirable and maximum permissible content of vanadium in the waters, especially in the waters used in medical hydrology. They can be useful here, observations of the state of health of the population living in regions with varying vanadium content.

A new surgical technique using steel suture for trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Background: A new emerging complication of trans‑scleral fixation of posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) with polypropylene suture is high rates of spontaneous dislocation of the IOL due to disintegration or breakage of suture. Materials: We report a new surgical technique of trans‑scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens (SF PCIOL) with steel suture to eliminate the complication of dislocation of IOL fixed with polypropylene suture in one adult and a child. Results: We successfully achieved stable fixation and good centration of IOL after SF PCIOL with steel suture in these patient having inadequate posterior capsular support. Both eyes achieved best corrected visual acuity 20/40 at 18 months follow‑up. Conclusions: Steel suture is a viable option for trans‑scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens.

In-vivo evaluation of potential toxicity of vanadium pentoxide in male wistar rats.

Diabetes is characterized by derangements in carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism caused by the complete or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion. The decreased oxidative stress in diabetes includes the autoxidation of glucose and non enzymaticglycation and also changes in the antioxidants defense systems. As the diabetes is lowered in human the pharmacological effects of a drug becomes toxic. Our aim was to evaluate the invivo effect of the anti diabetic compound Vanadium in non- diabetic rat models. The oral administration of Vanadium peroxide shows significant changes in the Cholesterol and TG with organ morphology and enhancement in clinical and experimental parameters.Vanadium is an important environmental and industrial pollutant. It is a dietary micronutrient and it has been recently considered as a pharmacological agent. Vanadium compounds have a major role in cellular regulation, with profound effects on enzymes of plasma membrane. Vanadium is one of the abundance trace elements widely distributed in the environment. It is used in steel and chemical industries, and is a containment of many ores, coals, and petroleum oils the manufacture of pigments, in photography and in insecticides. It is been used medicinally as anticeptic, spirochetocide, antituberculotic and antianemic agents and general tonic.

Study on application of biological iron sulfide composites in treating vanadium-extraction wastewater containing chromium (VI) and chromium reclamation.

In this study, the Cr(VI)-resistant properties and regeneration characteristics of biological iron sulfide composites were investigated, which consist of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and its in situ synthesized nanosized iron sulfides. Then the application of the composites in treating vanadium-extraction wastewater containing high concentration Cr(VI) and reclaiming Cr were performed. It was found that SRB in composites still survived after being used to treat vanadium-extraction wastewater, which could reduce reaction products Fe3+ and sulphur into Fe2+ and S2- by using them as the electron acceptors and thus regenerating biological iron sulfide composites. The SRB also could be resistant to 600 mgl-1 Cr(VI) and reduce it gradually. Based on the Cr(VI)-resistant properties and regeneration characteristics of the composites, a reduction-regeneration recirculation process for treating vanadium-extraction wastewater and reclamation of Cr was developed. The results indicated that the contaminants in effluent reached the Chinese discharge standard of pollutants for vanadium industry (GB 26452-2011), i.e. the concentration of total Cr(TCr) was less than 0.912 mgl-1, Cr(VI) was less than 0.017 mgl-1 and V was less than 0.260 mgl-1. After 10 cycles of treatment, the Cr2O3 content in sludge reached 41.03%, and the ratio of Cr2O3/FeO was 7.35. The sludge reached the chemical and metallurgical (hydrometallurgy) grade of chromite ore and could be reclaimed.