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Purpose: To evaluate the macular microvascular changes in patients with intermediate uveitis (IU) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT?A) and to determine the relationship of OCT?A measurements with disease duration and activity. Methods: This cross?sectional study was performed at the uvea department of a tertiary hospital. Patients with IU (8 women, 8 men; mean age: 28.80 ± 12.80 years) were included in the study. The macular thickness measurements obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Heidelberg Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and macular superficial and deep vessel density (VD) parameters obtained by OCT?A (Avanti RTVue?XR; Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA) were compared with healthy subjects (12 men, 22 women; mean age: 28.40 ± 8.32 years). Eyes with pathology including marked obvious edema in the macula were not included in the study. Results: The macular thickness was found to be higher in the patient group (p < 0.001). The deep and superficial VD measurements in almost all quadrants in both superficial and deep layers were significantly lower in the IU patient group (p < 0.05). Macular thickness was increased in the active state of IU (p = 0.03), however, none of the OCT?A parameters showed a significant difference between active and inactive IU patients (p > 0.05). No correlation was observed between OCT?A parameters and total IU disease duration. Conclusion: Quantitative analyses of macular vascular structures demonstrate significantly reduced VD in both superficial and deep retinal layers in IU patients. Considering the importance of the macula in visual prognosis, OCT?A can provide crucial data for the monitoring and follow?up of IU patients.
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Objective To compare the macular structure and microcirculation in both eyes of the patients with myopic anisometropia.Methods Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was employed to scan the macular areas in both eyes of 44 patients with myopic anisometropia.The patients were assigned into high and low groups based on the refractive diopter,and the parameters such as retinal thickness,choroidal thickness,vascular density,and perfusion density in the macular areas of both eyes were compared between the two groups.Results Other macular areas except the central and external nasal areas and the choroid of the fovea in the high group were thinner than those in the low group(all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in retinal vascular density or perfusion density in different areas between the two groups(all P>0.05).Conclusion In the patients with myopic anisometropia,most areas of the retina in the case of high myopia is thinner than that in the case of low myopia,while there is no difference in retinal vascular density or perfusion density in both eyes.
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Humans , Anisometropia , Choroid/blood supply , Microcirculation , Myopia , Retina , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methodsABSTRACT
High myopia is a state of refractive error with myopia over -6.00D. High myopia is typically accompanied by multiple fundus lesions, thus making patients with high myopia suffer from varying degrees of impairment in visual function. As an emerging auxiliary way in ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can efficiently and non-invasively obtain microvascular stratified images of the retina and choroid and quantitatively analyze blood flow signals. Since the advent of OCTA, there have been numerous studies observing fundus changes in those with high myopia through OCTA. In this paper, some studies in which OCTA is applied to obtain retinal and choroidal thickness from patients with high myopia are reviewed, with a view to revealing the correlation between high myopia and the parameters such as retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, vessel density and the area of the foveal avascular zone and providing novel ideas to deeply investigate the mechanism of high myopia and delay the occurrence and development of high myopia.
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AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm2)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm2), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm2)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm2; all P<0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P<0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.
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AIM: To evaluate the macular microcirculation changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), and correlate the risk factors that may affect the macular microcirculation, so as to provide a clinical basis for early screening, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for DR.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 75 patients(75 eyes)with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)who came to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic and ward of Xi'an Central Hospital from May to October 2022 were collected, and the DM patients were further divided into non-DR(NDR)group, non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group and proliferative DR(PDR)group, with 28 eyes, 25 eyes and 22 eyes in each group respectively. OCTA was applied to perform a 3mm×3mm blood flow imaging scan of the macular retina to automatically obtain the vascular density(VD)of the superficial retinal macular foveal, the parafoveal(1～3mm), as well as the macular 3mm×3mm and the area of macular foveal avascular zone(FAZ). Furthermore, the alteration of these parameters in patients with different degrees of DR was analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with the NDR group, the VD of the 3mm×3mm superficial retinal capillary(SCP)in the macular region was decreased in both PDR and NPDR group(all P<0.017), and the VD of the parafoveal was decreased in each quadrant(P<0.017), with the most significant decrease in the PDR group. The FAZ area of patients in the PDR and NPDR groups was significantly larger than that in the NDR group(P<0.017). Age, homocysteine, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), axial length and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)of patients with DR were negatively correlated with VD in the macular foveal(P<0.05), while homocysteine, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), axial length, and the duration of diabetes were negatively correlated with VD in the macular 3mm×3mm(P<0.05). Triglycerides, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), and HbA1c were negatively correlated with VD in the parafoveal(P<0.05), while total cholesterol and central macular thickness had no significant correlation with VD(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The microcirculation changes in the macular area of DR patients can be monitored by OCTA, and the systemic condition of DR patients is closely related to their macular microcirculation.
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Purpose: To determine if high myopia and glaucoma can be differentiated based on the measurement of superficial vascular density in the peripapillary and macular areas by using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). Methods: This prospective, observational, cross?sectional, comparative study was conducted on patients between 40 and 60 years of age diagnosed as primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG) or high myopia and compared with age?matched controls. The main outcome measures were the difference in SVD% in peripapillary and macular areas in POAG and high myopic eyes. Detailed ophthalmic examination and OCTA of the disc and peripapillary area and macula were performed. The SVD in each zone was calculated using ImageJ software and their difference were analyzed. Results: In total, 128 eyes of 70 patients were enrolled. Peripapillary SVD% in controls was 45.07 ± 3.44, 40.36 ± 8.27 in high myopia, and 31.80 ± 9.008 in POAG. The mean difference in peripapillary SVD% of POAG to control was ? 13.479, of POAG to high myopia was ?8.777 (both P < 0.001), and of high myopia to controls was ?4.701 (P = 0.012). Macular SVD% in controls was 27.30 ± 3.438, 22.33 ± 6.011 in high myopia, and 21.21 ± 5.598 in POAG. The mean difference in macular SVD% of POAG to controls was ?6.088, of high myopia to controls was ?4.965 (both P < 0.001), and of POAG to high myopia was ?1.122 (P = 0.984; not statistically significant). Conclusion: OCTA is a useful diagnostic tool in distinguishing glaucomatous and myopic eyes. The measurement of peripapillary SVD has a greater discriminatory ability than that of the macular area.
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Objective:To observe the morphological characteristics of retinal vessels in patients with ischemic stroke, and to preliminary analyze the correlation between retinal vascular morphological parameters and ischemic stroke.Methods:A retrospective study. From May 2015 to May 2017, 73 patients with ischemic stroke (ischemic stroke group) confirmed by examination at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were included in this study. In addition, 146 patients were included in the control group. A total of 146 patients with acute stroke who were excluded by head CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging were selected as the control group. Fundus images of patients were collected by nonmydriatic fundus camera. Retinal vascular parameters were measured by artificial intelligence fundus image analysis system, included retinal artery and vein caliber as well as vascular curvature, branching angle, fractal dimension, and density. The morphological characteristics of retinal vessels were compared between the control and ischemic stroke groups, and correlation between the retinal vascular parameters and ischemic stroke was analyzed using binary logistic regression.Results:Compared with the control group, the ischemic stroke group had thinner retinal artery caliber, smaller retinal vascular fractal dimension, and lower retinal vascular density; moreover, these differences were statistically significant ( t=3.232, 3.502, 3.280; P<0.05). Vascular fractal dimension [odds ratio ( OR)=0.291, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.160-0.528] and retinal artery caliber ( OR=0.924, 95% CI 0.870-0.981) were strongly correlated with ischemic stroke ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Compared with the control group, the retinal artery caliber, fractal dimension and retinal vascular density in ischemic stroke group are smaller; decreased retinal artery caliber and fractal dimension are correlated with ischemic stroke.
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@#AIM:To quantitatively evaluate the macular microvasculature and visual function in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)combined with microperimetry. <p>METHODS: Totally 36 patients(36 eyes)with monocular RVO complicated with macular edema were enrolled, including 15 patients(15 eyes)in central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)group and 21 patients(21 eyes)in branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)group(all with superior temporal vein occlusion), 15 age-matched healthy subjects(24 eyes)were included as controls. OCTA was used to scan macular retina in the range of 3mm×3mm in all three groups and measure the vascular density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP), the area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and the central retinal thicknes(CRT); the retinal mean sensitivity(RMS)at 10°was measured by MP-3 microperimetry. VD and RMS in BRVO group were further divided into lesion area(superior), non-lesion area(inferior)VD and RMS. The lesion area and non-lesion area of the control group were divided according to corresponding regions of the BRVO group. The changes of above indexes in CRVO group and BRVO group were compared with control group respectively, and the correlation between RMS and VD, CRT and FAZ areas in CRVO group and BRVO group was analyzed.<p>RESULTS:The overall VD(SCP and DCP)in CRVO group were lower than those in control group(<i>t</i>= -2.536, <i>P</i>=0.016; <i>t</i>= -8.834, <i>P</i><0.001); the area of FAZ was larger than that in control group(<i>t</i>=3.354, <i>P</i>=0.002); the CRT was thicker than that in control group(<i>t</i>=13.888, <i>P</i><0.001); the overall RMS was significantly lower than that in control group(<i>t</i>= -6.250, <i>P</i><0.001). The overall VD(SCP and DCP)in BRVO group were decreased compared to those in control group(<i>t</i>= -5.186, <i>P</i><0.001; <i>t</i>= -5.238, <i>P</i><0.001); the VD of SCP and DCP in the affected sector were decreased compared to those in the corresponding sector of the control group(<i>t</i>= -5.611, <i>P</i><0.001; <i>t</i>= -6.940, <i>P</i><0.001); the VD in the unaffected sector was significantly less than that in the corresponding sector of the control group only in DCP, but not in SCP(<i>t</i>= -3.047, <i>P</i>=0.004; <i>t</i>= -1.459, <i>P</i>=0.156); the area of FAZ was larger than that in control group(<i>t</i>=2.722, <i>P</i>=0.011); the CRT was thicker than that in control group(<i>t</i>=7.764, <i>P</i><0.001); the overall RMS was significantly lower than that in control group(<i>t</i>= -10.931, <i>P</i><0.001); the RMS in both the affected sector and the unaffected sector were lower than those in the corresponding sector of the control group(<i>t</i>= -13.183, <i>P</i><0.001; <i>t</i>= -8.074, <i>P</i><0.001). In CRVO group,the overall VD of SCP and DCP was positively correlated with the overall RMS(<i>r</i>=0.571, <i>P</i>=0.026; <i>r</i>=0.813, <i>P</i><0.001)and the area of FAZ and CRT was negatively correlated with the overall RMS(<i>r</i>= -0.621, <i>P</i>=0.014; <i>r</i>= -0.533, <i>P</i>=0.041). In BRVO group,the overall VD of SCP and DCP was positively correlated with the overall RMS(<i>r</i>=0.465, <i>P</i>=0.034; <i>r</i>=0.611, <i>P</i>=0.003), and the CRT was negatively correlated with the overall RMS(<i>r</i>= -0.547, <i>P</i>=0.01), while there was no correlation between the area of FAZ and the overall RMS(<i>r</i>= -0.421, <i>P</i>=0.057).<p>CONCLUSION: The combined application of OCTA and microperimetry can corresponding quantitatively evaluate the structure and function of macular area in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, providing more detailed information for clinical decision makers to explain the disease well.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the differences of macular vascular network measured by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)between severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(S-NPDR)eyes and health eyes, and explore the changes of these OCTA characteristics in patients with S-NPDR before and after panretinal photocoagulation(PRP).<p>METHODS: This was a prospective study including 31 eyes from 18 consecutive patients with S-NPDR and 31 eyes of healthy subjects. We measured macular vascular density and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area and volume by an OCTA device.<p>RESULTS: Compared to the normal control group, in superficial retinal capillary plexus(SCP), macular vascular density decreased in S-NPDR group, except foveal vascular density unchanged. Consistently, in deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP), macular vascular density was also lower in S-NPDR group. In addition, FAZ area and volume expanded in S-NPDR eyes. At 6mo post-PRP in S-NPDR eyes, foveal SCP and DCP densities increased significantly, while FAZ area and volume decreased. At 3mo post-PRP, only foveal vascular density in DCP increased. The changes of foveal SCP and DCP densities as well as FAZ area and volume were not statically significant at 1mo post-PRP.<p>CONCLUSION: Macular vascular network was impaired in S-NPDR assessed by OCTA. Although OCTA parameters were not significantly affected by PRP in 1 and 3mo period, at 6mo follow-up parameters became significant after PRP.
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@#AIM: To observe and quantitatively analyze the thickness of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer(GCIPL)and the characteristics of superficial retinal capillaries vessel density in different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)by optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).<p>METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. Thirty-three patients with diabetic(54 eyes)were selected as the DR group from December 2019 to May 2020. Among them, six patients(8 eyes)as non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)group, eighteen patients(28 eyes)as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group and nine patients(18 eyes)as proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group according to fundus conditions. Eighteen healthy volunteers(26 eyes)without eye disease were selected as the normal group. The macular GCIPL thickness and the values of vascular linear density(vascular density, VD)and density of vascular perfusion(perfusion density, PD)in the superficial retinal capillaries vessels in each quadrant of macular region were observed and quantitatively analyzed in DR patients with different stages. <p>RESULTS: The VD, PD and minimum thickness of GCIPL in each quadrant of DR group was lower than that of the healthy control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The minimum thickness of GCIPL in macular area and the VD of superficial retinal capillaries in each quadrant decreased significantly in patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy(<i>P</i><0.01). The inferior VD of superficial retinal capillaries vessels had the highest diagnostic value for DR(AUC=0.807, optimal diagnostic threshold value of 18.60 mm-1, sensitivity of 0.923, specificity of 0.648). The minimum thickness of GCIPL in macular area of DR patients was positively correlated with VD of superficial retinal capillaries vessels in each quadrant(<i>r</i>=0.342, 0.480, 0.384, 0.342, all <i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: OCT combined with OCTA can provide repeatable and quantifiable detection methods and monitoring indicators for early assessment and regular follow-up of DR progress.
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@#AIM: To use optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in measuring the macular vascular density, foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area and the macular retinal thickness in patients with retinal vein occlusion(RVO).<p>METHODS: Totally 30 patients(30 eyes)with unilateral RVO were enrolled. Fifteen patients with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)and 15 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), OCTA was performed on both eyes. Macular vascular density in the 3mm×3mm range, FAZ area, foveal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were measured. The changes of vascular density, FAZ area, foveal thickness and its correlation with BCVA were compared between the eyes and the fellow eyes.<p>RESULTS: In eyes with CRVO the overall vascular density measured in the entire scan was lower compared to fellow eyes in both the superficial \〖SVN:(43.07±4.95)% <i>vs </i>(50.09±2.86)%; <i>P</i><0.01)\〗and \〖DVN:(45.89±4.12)% <i>vs</i>(53.29±2.62)%; <i>P</i><0.01\〗. And a negative correlation was found between the visual acuity and the overall density in superficial(<i>r</i>s= -0.6, <i>P</i><0.05)and deep(<i>r</i>s= -0.5, <i>P</i><0.05)networks. In eyes with BRVO the overall vascular density measured in the entire scan was lower compared to fellow eyes in both the superficial \〖(45.62±3.04)% <i>vs</i>(52.10±2.98)%; <i>P</i><0.01\〗 and deep \〖(49.21±3.80%)<i>vs</i>(55.52±3.33)%; <i>P</i><0.01\〗 networks. And a negative correlation was found between the visual acuity and the overall density in superficial(<i>r</i>s= -0.5, <i>P</i><0.05)and deep(<i>r</i>s= -0.5, <i>P</i><0.05)networks. In both networks, the density was lower in the affected BRVO sector compared to the unaffected sector in the same eye and in the fellow eye(<i>P</i><0.01). And the vascular density in the affected BRVO sector correlated negatively with visual acuity in the deep network(<i>r</i>s= -0.6, <i>P</i>=0.01). In the deep network, the density was lower in the unaffected sector of the BRVO eye compared with the corresponding sector in the fellow eye \〖(56.86±1.95)% <i>vs</i>(58.15±2.24)%; <i>P</i>=0.02\〗. The mean FAZ area in CRVO and BRVO eyes was significantly lower at the superficial network when compared to the fellow eyes \ and correlated positively with visual acuity(CRVO: <i>r</i>s=0.6, <i>P</i>=0.01; BRVO: <i>r</i>s=0.5, <i>P</i>=0.01). The mean foveal thickness in CRVO and BRVO eyes was significantly thicker when compared to the fellow eyes \ and correlated positively with visual acuity(CRVO: <i>r</i>s=0.9, <i>P</i>=0.01; BRVO: <i>r</i>s=0.6, <i>P</i>=0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: Quantitative OCTA can be used as an effective tool for measuring blood flow in macular areas and FAZ area of RVO patients.
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@#AIM: To observe vascular density and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in macular area for diabetic macular edema(DME)with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)when before and after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab.<p>METHODS: For the 45 DME patients(52 eyes)whose diagnosis were confirmed by ophthalmic clinical examination, their sick eyes were examined by OCTA with macular area 3x3mm scanning range model when before and 1wk after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab, and obtain vascular density of superficial capillary plexus(SCP), deep capillary plexus(DCP), and the number of microaneurysm and the area, perimeter and the roundness index in FAZ, and do block matching <i>t</i>-test.<p>RESULTS: There was no statistical difference for the vascular density of SCP before and after treatment(<i>t</i>=1.635, <i>P</i>=0.10). Vascular density(46.59%±4.91%)of DCP after treatment were more than before treatment(42.47%±4.16%), and it was statistically significant difference(<i>t</i>=1.014, <i>P</i>=0.02). There was no statistical difference for the number of microaneurysm in SCP when before and after treatment(<i>t</i>=1.623, <i>P</i>=0.21); But the number of microaneurysm(6.10±0.67)in DCP after treatment decreased obviously than before treatment(8.21±0.41),and the difference was statistically significant(<i>t</i>=1.124, <i>P</i>=0.01). The area and perimeter of FAZ after treatment increased than before treatment, but there was no statistical difference(<i>P</i>>0.05); The roundness index of FAZ after treatment was lower than before treatment,and there was also no statistical difference(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The capillary circulation in DCP increased in short term for sick eyes of DME after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab, and the number of microaneurysm in DCP reduced, but the change in SCP is not obvious. At the same time, the area, perimeter and the roundness index of FAZ had no significant meaning of clinical observation for DME with injection of rainbizumab.
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@#AIM: To observe the short-term efficacy of intravitreal injection of aflibercept on macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO). <p>METHODS: Totally 24 patients(24 eyes)with macular edema secondary to RVO confirmed by ophthalmic clinical examination received intravitreal injection of aflibercept from May to October in 2019 in hospital. Before and after the 1wk, 1mo treatment, all the eyes of the sick were examined with best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), optical coherence tomography angiography(3x3mm scanning range model)BCVA, central macular thickness(CMT), vascular density of superficial capillary plexus(SCP), vascular density of deep capillary plexus(DCP), and the area, perimeter and the roundness index in foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were observed. <p>RESULTS: Intravitreal injection of aflibercept for 1wk and 1mo, BCVA improved with the difference were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05); The treatment for 1wk and 1mo, CMT decreased with the difference were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.001); There were no statistical difference for the vascular density of SCP,DCP and FD-300 before and after treatment 1wk, 1mo(<i>P</i>>0.05), and it revealed there was no obvious change for vascular density of SCP,DCP and FD-300(All <i>P</i>>0.05); The area and perimeter of FAZ after treatment increased obviously, and the roundness index of FAZ decreased than before with the difference were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: For macular edema secondary to RVO, eyesight improved and edema absorbed obviously with the intravitreal injection of aflibercept in short-term clinical observation. At the same time, FAZ become regular and macular ischemia wasn't aggravated after treatment.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the value of OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal vein occlusion.<p>METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to select 38 patients(38 eyes)with retinal vein occlusion diagnosed in ophthalmology clinic of Dalian Third People's Hospital from January to October 2018. The affected eyes were group A and the contralateral healthy eyes were group B. All patients underwent OCTA mode scanning of macular retina in the range of 3 mm×3 mm. Four layers of macular blood flow density maps were obtained, including surface retina, deep retina, outer retina and choroidal capillary layer. The area of vascularized area(FAZ)in the central fovea of the surface retina was measured. Image J software was used to calculate four layers of macular blood. Flow density(MVD)and OCT were used to measure the horizontal and vertical fovea thickness(CFT). <p>RESULTS: There were differences in FAZ measurements in superficial retina between group A and group B(<i>P</i><0.01), and in horizontal and vertical CFT measurements(<i>P</i><0.01). There were differences in MVD between group A and group B(<i>P</i><0.01). There was no difference in MVD results in outer retina(<i>P</i>=0.542)and choroidal capillary layer(<i>P</i>=0.489). BCVA was positively correlated with surface retinal FAZ, horizontal CFT and vertical CFT, and negatively correlated with surface retinal MVD and deep retinal MVD, respectively(<i>r</i>=-0.486, -0.465,all <i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: The application of OCTA examination has important guiding significance in indicating macular retinal microcirculation disorder and visual prognosis in patients with retinal vein occlusion.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness and superficial vascular density of the macula and optic disc using optical coherence tomography angiography after laser photocoagulation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 25 eyes of diabetic retinopathy patients who underwent panretinal photocoagulation. The macula and optic disc were divided into nine areas, and the vascular density of each area was quantitatively measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. The changes in vascular density and choroidal thickness were analyzed before laser photocoagulation and at 1 week after, 1 month after, and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: In the panretinal photocoagulation group, the average vascular densities of the macula were 13.5 ± 3.6 mm⁻¹ before treatment, and 14.7 ± 3.1 mm⁻¹ after 1 week, 13.7 ± 2.6 mm⁻¹ after 1 month, and 12.8 ± 3.8 mm⁻¹ after 3 months of treatment. The average vascular densities of the optic disc were 14.7 ± 5.2 mm⁻¹ before treatment, and 14.1 ± 4.7 mm⁻¹ after 1 week, 14.8 ± 5.3 mm⁻¹ after 1 month, and 15.0 ± 4.7 mm⁻¹ after 3 months of treatment. The average subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were 327.5 ± 57.9 µm before treatment, and 334.4 ± 52.5 µm after 1 week, 291.2 ± 52.9 µm after 1 month, and 286.3 ± 44.4 µm after 3 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular density of the macula increased temporarily after 1 week of treatment but decreased afterwards. The vascular density of the optic disc decreased after 1 week of laser treatment but increased over time. The subfoveal choroidal thickness increased after 1 week of laser treatment but decreased afterwards.
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Humans , Angiography , Choroid , Diabetic Retinopathy , Light Coagulation , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare retinal layer thickness and chorioretinal vascular density (VD) between acute and chronic branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: This study included patients with BRVO. The VD of the superficial capillary plexus (VDs), the VD of the deep capillary plexus (VDd), and VD of the choriocapillaris were obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography. Acute and chronic BRVO data were compared to assess differences between the involved and uninvolved areas. RESULTS: We included 17 eyes with acute BRVO and 23 eyes with chronic BRVO. The VDs in the involved area were not significantly different between the involved area and in the uninvolved area in acute BRVO (p = 0.551). However, the difference was significant in chronic BRVO (p = 0.013). The VDd in the involved area was lower than in the uninvolved area in both acute and chronic BRVO (p = 0.020, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, the VD of the choriocapillaris values did not differ significantly between acute and chronic BRVO, or between involved and uninvolved areas. The VDs in the involved area in chronic BRVO were lower than in acute BRVO (p = 0.047), and the VDd did not differ between acute and chronic BRVO in all areas. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular impaired patterns in the retinal layer differed between acute and chronic BRVO. These results may suggest that vascular change and remodeling develops differently in acute and chronic phases in BRVO.
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Humans , Angiography , Capillaries , Retinal Vein Occlusion , Retinal Vein , Retinaldehyde , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
Objective To observe the early changes in the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and macular vascular density (MVD) in diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and its clinical significance.Methods This was a retrospective study.Totally 33 patients with diabetes mellitus were enrolled,including 13 patients with no-diabetic retinopathy (NDR group) and 20 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR group) according to the international clinical grading criteria of diabetic retinopathy.Additional 26 healthy subjects with matched age were enrolled in the control group.All the subjects underwent the 3 mm ×3 mm scanning of macular retina by OCTA for obtaining 4 levels of macular vascular density map.And the area of the FAZ and the MVD were measured.Results The area of FAZ was(0.392 ± 0.028) mm2 in the NDR group and (0.410 ± 0.019) mm2 in the NPDR group,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant compared with the control group (0.314 ± 0.025) mm2 (all P =0.000),and there was statistically significant difference between the NDR group and NPDR group (P =0.010).The MVD in the superficial retinal layer,deep retinal layer,outer retinal layer and choroidal capillary layer was 0.500 ±0.012,0.553 ±0.007,0.393 ±0.005,0.651 ±0.006 in the NDR group,and 0.484 ± 0.012,0.522 ± 0.007,0.397 ± 0.007,0.642 ± 0.007 in the NPDR group,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant compared with the control group (0.518 ±0.014,0.572 ±0.008,0.385 ±0.005,0.666 ±0.007) (all P =0.000);there were statistically significant differences in MVD between the NDR group and NPDR group in the superficial retinal layer,deep retinal layer and choroidal capillary layer (all P =0.000),but not in the outer retinal layer (P =0.065).Conclusion OCTA suggested that the early retinal microcirculation impairment in the macula in patients with diabetes,which changes with the progression of the disease.
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Objective To investigate the macular vascular density after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) for one year using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA),and discuss the correlation between the macular vascular density and visual acuity.Methods Totally 42 patients of the RRD (42 eyes),their contralateral eyes (A group) and 42 patients of the normal eyes (B group) were recruited into this study.All participants underwent examination with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA.The difference in macular vascular density was compared and the correlation between BCVA and the vascular density was analyzed.Results The macular vascular density of superficial layer,deep layer and choroidal capillary layer was 0.422 4 ±0.089 3,0.4836 ±0.0748,0.527 1 ±0.039 0 in RRD group,respectively,0.469 3 ±0.112 5,0.550 0 ±0.074 0,0.546 2 ±0.034 3 in A group,respectively,0.5619 ±0.053 7,0.611 2 ±0.035 2,0.562 6 ±0.030 4 in B group,respectively.The macular vascular density was significantly decreased in RRD group when compared with A and B groups (all P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between BCVA and the macular vascular density in the deep layer and choroidal capillaries layer (r =0.629,0.654,both P =0.000).However,there's no correlation between the macular vascular density of superficial layer and BCVA (P =0.103).Conclusion All the macular vascular densities are decreased in patients of RRD after successful repair of retinal detachment one year later,which indicated that the blood flow does not completely recover.And there is a positive correlation between BCVA and macular vascular densities in deep layer and choroidal capillaries layer.And meanwhile,OCTA can objectively and effectively quantify the status of macular region blood flow.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the systemic parameters related to changes in the retinal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. All patients showed normal fundus on dilated fundus examinations. OCTA (DRI OCT Triton, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was performed on a 3 × 3 mm area centered at the fovea. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vascular density (VD) of the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP/DCP) were measured. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between microvascular indexes on OCTA and systemic parameters including sex, age, duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, presence of hypertension (HTN) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). RESULTS: A total of 35 eyes of 35 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 55.7 ± 11.6 years, the mean duration of DM was 52.4 ± 88.7 months and the mean HbA1c was 8.8 ± 2.3%. The FAZ area of the DCP increased significantly as the HbA1c level increased (p 0.05). No systemic parameters exhibited significant relationships with VD in either the SCP or the DCP (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The FAZ area of the DCP detected via OCTA increased as the level of HbA1c increased, although the patients did not show diabetic retinopathy on dilated fundus examinations. Therefore, clinicians should consider this when screening diabetic patients for diabetic retinopathy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angiography , Blood Pressure , Capillaries , Cholesterol , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Retinopathy , Hypertension , Mass Screening , Medical Records , Microvessels , Neptune , Retinaldehyde , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
Objective By detecting vascular cysteine-rich 61(Cyr61) related factor,connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD105 markers of microvascular density (MVD) of muscle tissue in patients with PM/DM,the role and significance of the expression of Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF and CD105 in the process of vascular lesions of dermatomyosits (DM) and polymyosits (PM) were discussed.Methods The expression of Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF and CD105 markers of micro vascular density (MVD) were detected in 10 cases of DM,10 cases of PM and 20 controls by using immunohistochemical Envision two step method.Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) statistical software.Fisher's exact probability analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were conducted.Results Compared with the control group,Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF positive expression rate in muscle tissue of patients with DM and PM group were significantly different (P＜0.01),the positive expression rates of Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF in DM group and PM group were 90％,70％,90％,80％,80％,70％,and the control group (5％,10％,5％) respectively.In the muscle tissue of patients with DM and PM group,CD105 markers of capillaries could be seen,and MVD in DM and PM group were higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (F=8.103,P=0.001).Cyr61,CTGF and VEGF protein expression levels in muscle tissueof patients with DM and PM were positively correlated with MVD.Conclusion The muscle tissue of PM/DMpatients may have new blood vessels formation.Cyr61,CTGF,VEGF may be involved in the formation of newblood vessels in the PM/DM muscle tissue.The results of this study suggest that microvascular lesion plays animportant role in the immune pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy such as PM/DM.