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OBJECTIVE To conduc t qualitative and quantitative analysis for the chemical compounds in 3 species of wild Veratrum（V. nigrum ，V. maackii ，V. dahuricum ）from Inner Mongolia. METHODS HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS technology was used to identify the chemical components of V. nigrum ，V. maackii and V. dahuricum by consulting SciFinder ，ChemSpider database and related literatures and comparing with the reference substance. The contents of polydatin ，oxyresveratrol and resveratrol in 3 species of wild Veratrum were determined by HPLC. RESULTS A total of 31 compounds were identified ，including 13 stilbenes， 11 flavonoids，4 organic acids ，2 glycosides，1 brasilin. Most of the compounds were shared by 2 or 3 species of wild Veratrum， only 2 flavonoids kaempferol and luteolin were owned by V. dahuricum . The total contents of polydatin ，oxyresveratrol and resveratrol in 3 species of wild Veratrum were in the range of 6.618-11.292 mg/g，and the total contents of them in V. nigrum were the highest ，followed by V. maackii and V. dahuricum . The contents of polydatin and resveratrol in V. maackii were the highest ，and the content of oxyresveratrol in V. nigrum was highest. CONCLUSIONS Most of the components of 3 species of wild Veratrum are similar，only kaempferol and luteolin are unique to V. dahuricum . The contents of polydatin ，oxyresveratrol and resveratrol are significantly different among 3 species of wild Veratrum.
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Objective To compare the potential cytotoxicity induced by Veratrum nigrum coadministered with Panax ginseng, and to provide experimental evidence on the mode of herb-herb interaction based on human liver drug metabolizing enzymes.Methods The effect of V.nigrum and coadministration on cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells was investi-gated by detecting morphological changes , cell viability , cytomembrane integrity and apoptosis after the cells were treated for 24 h.The mRNA expression levels of drug metabolizing enzymes influenced by P.ginseng were determined by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction .Results V.nigrum coadministered with P.ginseng had a better inhibitive effect on the growth of HepG2 cells at the IC50value of (15.18 ±1.03) mg/ml than at the value of IC50 (21.46 ±1.10) mg/ml of V.nigrum.Coadministration more significantly raised the LDH level in cell culture medium than at the same dose of V.nigrum.Moreover, in coadministration group, compared with the same dose of V.nigrum,the total apoptosis and necrosis of HepG2 cells were significantly increased .P.ginseng had effect on the expression of CYP3A4, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 mRNA.Conclution Compatibility of medicines in a prescription also has herb-herb interactions based on drug metabolizing enzymes .The interaction mode is that the P.ginseng inhibits and induces CYPs and the modulated CYP isozymes ,inturn,have an impact on the metabolism of constituens in coadministered herbs causing herb-herb interaction .
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Objective To investigate the damage of mice liver and kidney with the compatibility application of Paeoniae radix rubra and Veratrum nigrum, and explore its mechanism. Methods We examined the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase, creatinine and urea nitrogen from serum, and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) from liver and kidney tissue after intragastric administration of different ratio (4∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶4) of Paeoniae radix rubra and Veratrum nigrum in mice for 22 d. Results Paeoniae radix rubra used with Veratrum nigrum did not induce the obvious damage to liver with AST increase, but induced the obvious damage to kidney. At the same time, the depressed GSH-Px activity and the increased MDA content were observed in kidney tissue. When Paeoniae radix rubra and Veratrum nigrum is on a ratio of 2∶1, the kidney injury was the most obvious. Conclusion Paeoniae radix rubra used with Veratrum nigrum in varying proportions could induce the kidney injury in mice which is related to the oxidation-antioxidation balance disturbance.
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Objective To identify the chemical components in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Veratrum nigrum L. using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Methods An Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 (2. 1 mm × 100 mm, 1. 8 μm) was used for isolation and identification of the chemical components in Veratrum nigrum L., with a mobile phase using 0. 1% formic acid aqueous solvent (A) and ACN (B) for gradient elution. The data were collected by the positive ion mode using ESI ion source. Results Thirty-two chemical compounds were identified from Veratrum nigrum L. The chemical structures of three pairs of steroidal alkaloid isomers were deduced by comparing their fragment ions. Conclusion Chromatographie characters of 32 chemical compounds in Veratrum nigrum L. can be achieved in single run by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, which paves a way for further studying the metabolism and action mechanism of Veratrum nigrum L.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the change of the content of ginsenosides in the decoction of Panax ginseng and Veratrum nigrum and to find out the change regularity of chemical components in the compatibility of P. ginseng and V. nigrum so as to introduce the mechanism of "P. ginseng and V. nigrum are incompatible with each other" which derives from compatibility theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to determine the content of ginsenoside in decoction derived from the combination of P. ginseng with different amounts of V. nigrum,and colorimetry was applied to determine the content of the total ginsenosides in herbal esidues. RESULTS:The content of the total ginsenosides decreased in the decoction as long as the content of V. nigrum increased. Nevertheless,the content of ginsenosides didn't change as amount of V. nigrum increased. CONCLUSION:It is reasonable to some extent that ginseng and veratrum nigrum are incompatible with each other. With the amount of V. nigrum increasing,the decrease of the total ginsenosides content doesn't result from some components in V. nigrum inhibiting the dissolution of ginsenoside in water solution but result from some components in V. nigrum reacting with ginsenoside leading to the reduction of ginsenoside.
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Objective To study the effects of verussurinine (VSRN), an alkaloid isolated from Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense alkaloids (VnA), against thrombosis and its platelet aggregation inhibitory activity in rats in order to find out whether VSRN is the antithrombotic active ingredient of VnA. Methods The electrically induced rat carotid artery thrombosis and stasis-induced rat inferior vena cava thrombosis models were used to evaluate the anti-arterial and anti-venous thrombosis effect of VSRN, respectively. Borns turbidimetric method was used to examine the in vivo and in vitro anti-platelet effect so as to investigate the antiplatelet aggregation of VSRN. Results In comparison with saline, VSRN in five different doses (1.25—20.00 ?g/kg) showed significantly and dose-dependently prolonged occlusion time (OT) of carotid artery injured by electrical stimulation and reduced thrombus dry weight of inferior vena cava ligated for 4 h to cause stasis. Platelet aggregation was found to be inhibited by VSRN in the doses of 1.25—5.00 ?g/kg and at the concentration of 6.25—50 ?g/L in both in vivo and in vitro test. Conclusion VSRN has powerful arteriovenous antithrombosis and antiplatelet aggregation of rats. The antithrombotic effect of VSRN is related to its platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. The above findings indicate that VSRN is an antithrombotic active ingredient of VnA.
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Object To study the effects of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense Nakai alkaloids (VnA) on platelet aggregation in rats and coagulation time, bleeding time in mice. Methods The antiplatelet effect of VnA was examined by determining platelet aggregation rate in normal rats and blood stasis model rats by turbidimetric method developed by Born. Whole blood coagulation time (CT) in mice was measured by capillary glass tube method, bleeding time (BT) by hemorrhagic transection of mouse tail model. Results VnA (45, 30, and 15 ?g/kg, iv) significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats in a dose-dependent manner. VnA (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ?g/kg, ip) markedly increased CT and BT in mice. VnA [49.3 ?g/kg, which was anticoagulantly equieffective to heparin (1.25 mg/kg), ip] prolonged BT. There was no statistically significant difference in BT between VnA and heparin, although BT increase induced by VnA was shorter than that induced by heparin. Conclusion VnA has significant antiplatelet effect in rats and can prolong CT and BT in mice. At equieffective dose VnA-induced BT increase does not exceed that heparin induced.
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Object To investigate antithrombotic effects of Veratrum nigrum L.var ussuriense Nakai alkaloids ( Vn A) in rats. Methods The electrically induced rat carotid artery thrombosis model was used to examine the antiarterial thrombosis effect of Vn A using occlusion time( OT) of carotid artery as phar- macologic index;the stasis- induced inferior vena cava thrombosis model was used to evaluate antivenous thrombosis effectof Vn A in terms of thrombosis formation rate and decrease in thrombus dry weight.Re- sults The iv administration of Vn A( 7.2— 42 .9) ?g/kg to rats resulted in a dose- dependent effect and significantprolongation in OT. Vn A at the dose of 30?g/kg produced an antiarterial thrombosis effecte- qual to thatof LAS( 1 8.0 mg/kg) .Also,a single bolus iv Vn A( 30 ?g/kg) increased OT in a time- depen- dentmanner;the antiarterial thrombosis effectwas rapid in onsetand lasted atleast80 min,and peaked at 1 5 min postdosing.Vn A( 1 5— 45 ?g/kg iv) decreased the thrombus dry weight significantly and dose- de- pendently. Conclusion Vn A has powerful inhibitory effects againstboth arterial and venous thrombosis in rats and acts in a dose- and time- dependentmanner.Its effective dose is as low as?g perkg body weightof rats.The finding of the Vn A antithrombotic effeets reveal a bright future of its R &D.