An intelligent new method for batch weighing of blood components / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a method for batch weighing blood components intelligently and accurately. 【Methods】 Virus inactivated plasma was used as weighing samples. The traditional electric scale and cryoprecipitation preparation instrument were used to weigh plasma with five specifications. The consistency of the weighing results by the two methods was statistically analyzed. Two groups of virus inactivated plasma with basically the same number of bags were randomly selected, and weighted by the same group of staff using these two equipment, the time for weighing and the time from weighing to registering were calculated statistically. 【Results】 227 bags of plasma were weighed in batches by the two methods, and statistical analysis showed no significant difference in standardized blood volume. There was no significant difference in plasma weighing time (71/68)by the same staff, weighing basically the same number of bags. However, the time difference from weighing to registering was statistically significant, as the new method was 2.65 s shorter than the traditional one (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The new method is accurate for batch weighing, and can realize the informatization and intellectualization of blood weighting. The time consumed from weighing to registration was improved by the new method, but not in time for weighing.

¿Cómo se pesa al paciente con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria? Revisión del abordaje del peso en los tratamientos / How is the patient with Eating Disorders weighed? Review of weight approach in treatments

Introducción: la excesiva preocupación por el peso y la forma corporal en los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) conducen a conductas obsesivas de chequeo y/o evitación corporal. Existe consenso que el peso es un elemento fundamental en el tratamiento de los TCA, sin embargo, en el pesaje conviven enfoques múltiples. Objetivo: describir cómo se aborda el pesaje en el tratamiento de los pacientes con TCA. Materiales y método: el estudio consiste en una revisión de bibliografía, descriptiva. Se incluyeron publicaciones científicas mediante la búsqueda actualizada en base de datos: Scielo, Lilacs y Pubmed, desde 2010 hasta el 2020. Los descriptores de la búsqueda fueron: "pesaje y trastornos alimentarios/desórdenes alimentarios" y "tratamiento, trastornos alimentarios y pesaje". Resultados: de la búsqueda bibliográfica quedaron incluidos 14 artículos internacionales de diseño descriptivo. Los estudios fueron diversos, en estudiantes, atletas, pacientes, grupo control y profesionales, el tamaño muestral fue desde 24 instituciones especializadas en TCA hasta una población de 2287 participantes. Ningún estudio identificó cuál es el profesional encargado de pesar al paciente. El 75% de los artículos que describieron la modalidad de pesaje eligieron pesaje ciego en el comienzo del tratamiento y el resto optó por pesaje abierto, utilizándolo como terapia de exposición. Todos los profesionales modificaron la modalidad de pesaje según el nivel de ansiedad del paciente y el tiempo del tratamiento. Los pacientes prefirieron el pesaje ciego como beneficioso para sus tratamientos. El 90% de los estudios mostraron que los individuos que se autopesaban con mayor frecuencia, iniciaron más tempranamente atracones y conductas compensatorias. Conclusión: los tratamientos basados en evidencia no abordan la modalidad del pesaje de manera consensuada y las recomendaciones varían dentro de las terapias, y a lo largo del tiempo. La utilidad terapéutica del pesaje en los TCA es fundamental para evaluar el riesgo, alertar sobre los cambios en la ingesta alimentaria y para reducir la ansiedad. Sin embargo, es necesario abordarlo con profesionalismo e interdisciplina para disminuir el impacto sobre las conductas perjudiciales para la salud y la psicopatología. Se recomiendan más estudios que ayuden a construir criterios comunes y guías de consenso regional para mejorar el tratamiento de los TCA(AU).

Introduction: excessive concern about weight and body shape in Eating Disorders (ED) lead to obsessive checking and/or body avoidance behaviors. There is consensus that weight is a fundamental element in the treatment of eating disorders, however multiple approaches coexist in weighing. Objectives: to describe how weighing is addressed in the treatment of patients with ED Materials and method: the study consists of a descriptive bibliographic review. Scientific publications were included through the updated database search: Scielo, Lilacs and Pubmed, from 2010 to 2020. Search descriptors were: "body weight and eating disorders/eating disorders" and "treatment, eating disorders and body weight". Results: out of the bibliographic search, 14 international articles of descriptive design were included. The sample groups of the studies were diverse, including students, athletes, patients, control group and professionals, with a sample size of 2287 participants and 24 institutions specialized in eating disorders. No study identified the professional in charge of weighing the patient. 75% of the articles that described the weighing modality chose blind weighing at the beginning of the treatment and the rest opted for open weighing, using it as exposure therapy. All the professionals modified the weighing modality according to the patient's anxiety level and the treatment time. Patients preferred blind weighing as beneficial for their treatment. 90% of the studies showed that individuals who self-weighed more frequently initiated binge eating and compensatory behaviors earlier. Conclusion: evidence-based treatments do not consensually address how the patient is weighed, and the recommendations vary according to therapies and time period. The therapeutic utility of ED weighing is essential to assess risk, alert to changes in food intake, and to reduce anxiety. However, it is necessary to approach it with professionalism and interdiscipline to reduce the impact on behaviors harmful to health and psychopathology. More studies are recommended to help build common criteria and regional consensus guidelines to improve the treatment of ED(AU).

Values of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Fractional Anisotropy in the Diagnosis of Brucella Spondylitis / 中国医学科学院学报

To compare the differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) between brucella spondylitis (BS) groups at different stages before treatment and the normal control group and to evaluate the change trend of ADC value and FA value at different time points before and after treatment. Totally 53 patients suspected of BS by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and later confirmed as BS patients by serological tests were enrolled in this study. These patients underwent conventional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging scans,and the ADC value and FA value were measured. Independent sample test was used to compare the ADC value and FA value between the BS group and the control group,the ADC value and FA value between the BS group at each stage. Repeated measurement ANOV was used to compare the ADC values and FA values at different time points before and after treatment. FA imaging showed that the color code of BS was different from that of the normal control group,and the color code of FA imaging showed increased singal. The ADC values of BS in the acute,subacute,and chronic stages [(1.45±0.02)×10 mm /s,(1.35±0.03)×10 mm /s,(1.26±0.05)×10 mm /s,respectively] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.06±0.09) ×10 mm /s](=2.538,=0.009;=1.998,=0.032;=1.575,=0.004),and the FA value (0.55±0.02,0.65±0.03,0.71±0.04,respectively) were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.78±0.02) (=2.440,=0.012; =1.847,=0.041;=2.102,=0.003). Repeated measurement analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in ADC values and FA values at different time points before and after treatment in the acute,subacute,and chronic stages (ADC:=12.100,<0.001;=8.439,=0.005;=9.704,=0.004,respectively;FA:=7.080,=0.002;=6.607;=0.003;=8.868,=0.001,respectively). The ADC values at different time points after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment or at a previous time point after treatment (=332.14,<0.001),and the FA values were significantly higher than those before treatment or at a previous time point after treatment (=134.26,<0.001). FA color code can intuitively display differences in BS and normal vertebral bodies and show change of color code before and after treatment. Also,the ADC values and FA values can quantitatively reveal differences between BS and normal vertebral body in different time points and quantify BS vertebral lesion changes before and after treatment. In particular,in BS patients who are recovering from treatment,it can quantify microscopic edema. Therefore,diffusion tensor imaging may be useful objective indicator in evaluating the effectiveness of a specific treatment for BS.

Study On the Validity Of Instant Photography Method For Dietary Assessment In Undergraduate College Students

Background A healthy diet in a college student life is critical to ensure their normal growth, study anddevelopment.Aim In order to accurately assess the dietary pattern of college students and guide it, our study aims to evaluatethe validity of instant photography as an alternative dietary assessment method in college students.Methods Nine participants were enrolled and given a presentation on dietary assessment methods, includingweighing, 24-hour recall, and instant photography. The participants took pictures of their foods from three anglesbefore and after eating for constant seven days, foods weighing was completed by others. Then, the participantsrecalled the foods’ weights after 24 hours. Two trained observers estimated food weight from the digital images(n = 285) gathered at the end of the study with the aid of Chinese food atlas reference.Results Instant photograph showed significant correlation with weighing method on food weights of grains,tubers, vegetables, fruits, meat and eggs (all P ≤ 0.01). 24-hour method had similar correlation with weighingmethod on food weights except fruits. Compared with 24-hour recall, instant photograph displayedunderestimation on weights of grains, tubers, vegetables, and meat. However, instant photograph had moreaccurate estimations on weights of fruits and egg. Furthermore, compared with nutrients data from weighingmethod, both instant photography and 24-hour recall methods showed promising estimations on the amounts ofenergy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, iron and zinc (all P < 0.001). Comparedwith 24-hour recall, instant photograph displayed underestimation on the amounts of energy, protein, fat,carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc. However, instant photograph had a more accurate estimationon calcium.

Values of Minimal Apparent Diffusion Coefficient,Difference between Ratios of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients,and Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features in Diagnosing Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ with Microinvasion / 中国医学科学院学报

To explore the values of minimal apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),difference between ratios of apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC),and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)in the treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion(DCIS-Mi). Totally 27 patients with DCIS-Mi and 31 patients with breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)were collected in our hospital from October,2016 to June,2018.Philips Ingenia 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance scanner and dedicated phase-controlled array surface coil were used for breast examinations.ADC and maximum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)were selected from multiple regions of interest(ROI)in the apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC)figure,and ADC was calculated.In addition,DCE-MRI characteristics were analyzed. The ADC of DCIS-Mi was significantly lower than that of DCIS[(1.15±0.03)×10 mm /s .(1.34±0.04)×10 mm /s,=-7.192,=0.002],the ADC was significantly higher than that of DCIS[(0.32±0.03)×10 mm /s .(0.18±0.08)×10 mm /s,=-10.228,<0.001],and the early enhancement rate of DCIS-Mi was higher than that of DCIS[159.71(157.82,162.49)% .147.29(143.59,160.22)%,=-3.578,=0.007].The background parenchymal enhancement of DCIS-Mi was moderate,severe,and non-lump-like,mainly segmental,and the internal enhancement was heterogeneous or clustered circular.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that non-internal characteristics of the mass,the edge of the mass,internal enhancement characteristics of the mass,time-intensity curve,early enhancement rate,ADC and ADC were the optimal variables for the diagnosis of DCIS-Mi,and the optimal variables were shown by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis:the area under curve,sensitivity and specificity of ADC,ADC,non-tumor internal enhancement,and tumor internal enhancement were higher,with the critical values being 1.12×10 mm /s,0.31×10 mm /s,1.50,and 1.50,respectively. DCE-MRI combined with ADC value(especially ADC,ADC,non-mass internal enhancement,and mass internal enhancement)is helpful in differentiating breast DCIS-Mi and DCIS.

Accuracy of alternative indexes for assessing the nutritional status of men and women / Acurácia de índices alternativos para avaliar o estado nutricional de homens e mulheres

Abstract A good evaluation of the nutritional status requires knowledge on body composition, casting doubts on the accuracy of some indexes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the following nutritional status indexes: Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI elevated to 2.5 (BMI2.5), Fat Mass Index (FMI) and BMI adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat). Participated of this study 280 subjects (aged 17-48 years), from which the results of BMI, BMI25, FMI and BMIfat indexes were analyzed, having the Hydrostatic Weighing method as reference. FMI presented the highest concordance value, but classified as discrete (k=0.21). he other indexes presented small concordance with results of the reference method (k<0.20). In conclusion, none of the indexes investigated has good accuracy in assessing the nutritional status of the study group, considering that, although they show results of correlation with the reference method, they do not reach the minimum agreement criterion.

Resumo Uma boa avaliação do estado nutricional requer o conhecimento da composição corporal, colocando em dúvida a acurácia de alguns índices. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a acurácia dos seguintes índices de avaliação do estado nutricional: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), IMC elevado à 2,5 (IMC2,5), Índice de Massa Gorda (IMG) e IMC ajustado pela massa gorda (IMCgordura). Participaram do estudo 280 sujeitos (idade entre 17 e 48 anos), dos quais foram analisados os resultados dos índices IMC, IMC2,5, IMG e IMCgordura; tendo como método de referência a Pesagem Hidrostática. O IMG apresentou o maior valor de concordância, porém classificado como discreto (k = 0,21). Já os demais índices apresentaram concordância pequena com os resultados do método de referência (k<0,20). Em conclusão, nenhum dos índices investigados apresenta boa acurácia para avaliar o estado nutricional do público em questão, tendo em vista que, apesar de mostrarem resultados de correlação com o método de referência, não atingem o critério mínimo de concordância.

Development and application of a machine to weigh and move trauma patients / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design a machine for trauma patients to be weighed and translocation, increase the accuracy of clinical drug using, reducing secondary damage and improve the life quality.Methods: The machine which consists of mechanical system, driving system, weighing system, power supply system, control system. It has the advantages of high efficiency and safety, simple operation, easy translation motion.Results:It resolved the problems in weighing and translocation.Conclusion: The machine reduces the labor intensity of medical staff, and avoids the secondary damage in the transportation process at the same time. With its good effect, the machine obtains very high value in clinical application.

Validação de equações antropométricas específicas e generalizadas para estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em estudantes de Educação Física do sexo masculino / Validation of generalized and specific equations anthropometric to estimate the percentage of body fat in male Physical Education students

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade das equações específicas de Guedes e Guedes(7) e das generalizadas de Petroski(9) em universitários do sexo masculino. A amostra foi constituída de 104 universitários de Educação Física com idade média de 21,7 ± 2,7 anos, submetidos à pesagem hidrostática (PH) e à antropometria (dobras cutâneas e perímetros corporais). Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as medidas de percentual de gordura pela PH e nove equações de Petroski(9). Todos os resultados obtidos pelas equações de Guedes e Guedes(7) apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados com os da PH. Entre as equações analisadas, oito desenvolvidas por Petroski(9) apresentaram validade concorrente na amostra estudada.

The objective of this study was to verify the validity of the specific equations Guedes and Guedes(7) and generalized by Petroski(9) in male college students. One hundred four students of Physical Education with a mean age of 21.7 ± 2.7 participated in the current study. They were submitted to the hydrostatic weighing (HW) and anthropometry (skinfolds and body circumferences). No statistically significant difference between measurements of fat percentage by PH and nine equations Petroski(9) was observed. All results obtained by equations Guedes and Guedes(7) showed significant differences when compared with the PH. Among the equations analyzed eight developed by Petroski(9) showed concurrent validity in the study sample.

Clinical performance of 3-body fat measurements in obese adolescents 15 to 18 years-old / Medidas da gordura corporal em adolescentes obesos de 15 a 18 anos

There is a lack of information about the performance and clinical use of body fat measurements in children and adolescents, particularly in obese people. Objective: the purpose of this study was to compare percentage body fat (%BF) among 3 different methodologies, including hydrostatic weighing (HW), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP), in obese adolescents. Subjects: A total of 36 obese adolescents were evaluated, which 15 males (16.00 + 0.9 yrs, 105.0 + 10.9 kg, 179.9 + 7.2 cm, 34.9 + 4.4 kg/m2) and 21 females (16.5 + 1.5 yrs, 91.1 + 10.5 kg, 163.6 + 4.2 cm, 34.1 + 3.7 kg/m2). All of them performed HW, total body DXA and ADP. Results: For males, the means of %BF regarding HW, DXA and ADP were 45.7 + 9.0, 42.3 + 5.2 and 35.6 + 7.9, respectively. For females, the means of %BF were 47.7 + 6.8, 50.7 + 4 and 42.4 + 5.3, respectively. No significant difference was found between HW and DXA. In general, the %BF values provided by ADP measurements were lower than other two methods. Conclusion: There was a good agreement between DXA and HW methods, but ADP measurements can underestimate the %BF in obese adolescents.

Optimization of high pressure machine decocting process for Dachengqi Tang using HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box-Behnken experimental design / 药物分析学报

Using Dachengqi Tang (DCQT) as a model, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box–Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box–Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 1C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa;then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Catéteres de hemodiálisis en el paciente <15 Kg: rompiendo paradigmas / Hemodyalisis catheters in patients under 15 Kg: braking paradigma

La instalación de catéteres venosos centrales (CVC) para hemodiálisis es parte de la práctica habitual en los servicios de nefrourologia pediátrica. Sin embargo, aún no existen suficientes reportes sobre resultados exitosos con los catéteres de hemodiálisis (HD) en < 15 kg. Nuestro objetivo es reportar la sobrevida y el desarrollo de complicaciones de los CVC insertados en niños <15 kg y evaluar si su uso es seguro en pediatría. Método: Se realizó un seguimiento prospectivo de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERC T), con peso < 15 kg, en quienes se instaló un CVC de hemodiálisis tunelizado por punción, entre julio 2006 y junio 2011. Se analizaron variables como: género, enfermedad de base, edad y peso al inicio de HD, resultado de la HD, sitio de inserción, número de catéteres por paciente, motivo de retiro y tiempo de sobrevida del catéter. Resultados: Durante un periodo de 60 meses, se instalaron 31 CVC en 11 pacientes < 15 kg, 8 hombres y 3 mujeres. La principal causa de ERCT es displasia renal. Al inicio de la HD, la edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 27 meses (5-6om) y la media de peso de 10 kg (4. 5-13 kg). El principal sitio de inserción fue la vena yugular interna (90 por ciento). La duración media de HD fue de 312 días (26-840 días).En promedio se requirieron 2.5 catéteres por paciente (rango 1-5). Los factores mecánicos (trombosis, desplazamiento o acodadura), fueron la principal causa de retiro del catéter (39 por ciento), seguidos por las infecciones (13 por ciento). La sobrevida promedio fue de 110 días/catéter (0 a 586)...

Placement of central venous catheters (C VC) for hemodialysis is part of the usual practice of the pediatric nephron urology services. However, there are few data in the literature documenting successful results with the catheters of hemodialysis (HD) in patients weighing less than 15 kg. Our aim is to report the survival and complications of CVC insertion in children weighing less than 15 kg and to assess whether their use is suitable and safe in low-weight pediatric patients. Methods: Prospective follow-up of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), weighing less than 15 kg, in whom a tunneled hemodialysis CVC was inserted, between July 2006 and June 2011. The following data is gathered: gender, underlying cause of chronic kidney disease, age and weight at the beginning of hemodialysis, catheter location, and duration of HD and reason for discontinuing it, number of catheters used per patient, reasons for removal, and catheter survival. Results: During a period of 60 months, 11 CVC were placed in 31 patients weighing less than 15 kg (8 boys and 3 girls). The main cause of ESRD was renal dysplasia. Mean age at start of dialysis was 27 months (5-60 m) and mean weight was 10 kg (4.5-13 kg). The main catheter location was the internal jugular vein (90 percent). The mean duration of HD was 312 days (26-840 days). An average of 2.5 catheters was required per patient (range 1-5). Mechanical factors (thrombosis, displacement or Layering) were the most common cause of central-line removal (39 percent), followed by infections (13 percent). Mean catheter survival was 110 days/ catheter (range 0-586)...

Supervivencia en el neonato con peso menor de 1 500 g / Survival of the newborn weighing under 1 500 g

INTRODUCCIÓN. En el Hospital General Docente Iván Portuondo (Provincia Habana) la maternidad actúa como centro de referencia provincial de la atención a recién nacidos (RN) con peso menor de 1 500 g, quienes representan un bajísimo porcentaje de todos los nacimientos, pero su aporte a la morbilidad y mortalidad es elevada. Por ello, se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de conocer la supervivencia de estos niños en los últimos 11 años.MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de un total de 19 519 nacidos vivos, con un universo de estudio de 78 RN prematuros con peso menor de 1 500 g y una edad gestacional inferior a las 37 semanas, nacidos en el hospital entre los años 1998 y 2008. Se tuvo en cuenta la supervivencia, edad gestacional, peso, sexo, tipo de parto, así como la enfermedad presentada. Se confeccionaron tablas estadísticas, cuyo análisis se realizó mediante porcentajes.RESULTADOS. En esta etapa nacieron 19 519 neonatos y de éstos 1 123 eran de bajo peso. De estos últimos, 78 fueron RN inmaduros (0,4 por ciento del total de nacidos vivos). Del total de RN inmaduros fallecieron 12, lo que representa una supervivencia del 84,6 por ciento . La supervivencia fue mayor a medida que el peso y la edad gestacional fueron mayores. En los nacimientos por cesárea, ésta fue del 92,7 por ciento y en general fue mayor en el sexo femenino (90,2 por ciento ). El 80,8 por ciento de los niños estudiados presentó alguna enfermedad asociada y predominó la asfixia y la membrana hialina, con el 93,3 por ciento y el 84,0 por ciento de supervivencia, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES. La supervivencia del RN menor de 1 500 g fue muy buena. Las causas primarias de muerte fueron la enfermedad de la membrana hialina y la hemorragia intraventricular. El 80,8 por ciento de los pacientes presentó enfermedades asociadas a la inmadurez

INTRODUCTION. At the Iván Portuondo Teaching General Hospital (Havana province) maternity is the provincial reference center of newborns care weighing under 1 500 g who accounted for a lowest percentage of all births, but its contribution to morbidity and mortality is high. Thus, the aim of present study was to know the survival of these children for past 11 years. METHODS. A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted in 19 519 live births including a sample of 78 premature newborns weighing under 1 500 g and a gestational age lower than 37 weeks, born in hospital between 1998 and 2008. We took into account the gestational age, weight, sex, type of delivery, as well as the disease present. Statistic tables were designed whose analysis was performed by percentages. RESULTS. In this stage 19 519 neonates were delivered and from these 1 123 were of low weight including 78 immature newborns (0,4 percent of total of live births). From the total of immature newborns 12 deceased for a survival of 84,6 percent. Survival increased in so far as the weight and the gestational age were greater. In cesarean section delivery survival was of 92,7 percent and in general it was greater in female sex (90,2 percent). The 80,8 percent of study children had some associated disease with predominance of asphyxia and hyaline membrane with the 93,3 percent and the 84,0 percent survival, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Survival of newborn weighing under 1 500 g was very good. Leading death causes were hyaline membrane disease and intraventricular hemorrhage. The 80,8 percent of patients had immature state-associated diseases

Caracterización del neonato con peso menor de 1 500 g asistido con ventilación mecánica / Characterization of the neonate weighing less than 1 500 g assisted by mechanical ventilation

INTRODUCCIÓN. Uno de cada tres nacidos vivos que ingresa en la terapia neonatal requiere ventilación mecánica. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar los factores relacionados con la ventilación mecánica en los neonatos menores de 1500 g. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo y descriptivo, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Abel Santamaría (Pinar del Rio), entre 2006 y 2007. Se estudiaron 40 recién nacidos con peso menor de 1500 g que fueron ventilados en dicho período. Las variables se analizaron mediante las pruebas de comparación de dos y k proporciones de grupos independientes, con un nivel de significación p < 0,05. RESULTADOS. Predominó el sexo masculino, el peso al nacer de 1250-1500 g y la edad gestacional de 27 a 29,6 semanas. El 60 por ciento de los pacientes recibió esteroides antenatales. El antecedente materno más frecuente fue la rotura prematura de membranas (37,5 por ciento). La causa más frecuente de ventilación fue la enfermedad de la membrana hialina (60 por ciento). Predominó la bronconeumonía adquirida en neonatos ventilados por más de 96 h (30 por ciento). El bloqueo aéreo y la hemorragia intraventricular fueron las complicaciones relacionadas con una menor supervivencia (57,1 por ciento). CONCLUSIONES. Se recomienda continuar la preparación y superación en temas relacionados con el tratamiento ventilatorio en la terapia neonatal

INTRODUCTION: One of each three live births admitted in neonatal therapy require mechanical ventilation. The aim of present research was to characterize the factors related to mechanical ventilation in all neonates weighing less than 1500 g. METHODS: A observational, retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in neonatal Intensive Care Unit from the Abel Santamaría Hospital of Pinar del Río province between 2006 and 2007. Forty newborn babies weighing less 1500 g were studied, which required ventilation in such period. Variables were analyzed by two comparison tests and k ratio of independent groups with a significance level of p < 0, 05. RESULTS: There was a male sex predominance, the birth weight was of 1250-1500 g and gestational age was from 27-29, 6 weeks. The 60 percent of patients received prenatal steroids. The more frequent mother's background was the early breaking of membranes (37,5 percent). The more frequent cause for ventilation was the hyaline membrane disease (60 percent). There was a predominance of acquired bronchopneumonia in ventilated neonates during more than 96 hr (30 percent). Aerial blockade and intraventricular hemorrhage were the complications more related to a lower survival (57,1 percent). CONCLUSIONS: It is advisable to continue the overcoming and the training on subjects related to ventilation treatment in neonatal therapy

Retinopatía de la prematuridad en el neonato con peso menor de 1 500 g / Retinopathy of prematurity in neonate weighing less than 1 500 g

INTRODUCCIÓN. La retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) es una retinopatía neovascular que se desarrolla hasta en el 84 por ciento de los niños prematuros. Es inversamente proporcional al peso y a la edad gestacional y muy frecuente en el menor de 1500 g. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la incidencia de retinopatía de la prematuridad en los neonatos de menos de 1500 g de peso, así como algunos factores asociados. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal en el cual se incluyeron 31 neonatos con peso menor de 1500 g, ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Iván Portuondo entre enero del 2004 y diciembre del 2008. No se incluyeron los fallecidos en ese período. En todos los casos se realizaron pesquisas de ROP. Se tomó en cuenta el sexo y la edad gestacional menor de 36 semanas. Se valoraron algunos factores de riesgo para ROP. RESULTADOS. Se encontró ROP en el 25,8 por ciento de los 31 neonatos: el 6,5 por ciento con ROP I Y ROP II, el 9,7 por ciento con ROP III y el 3,2 por ciento con ROP IV. Se encontró retina inmadura en el 74,2 por ciento de los pacientes. El 9,7 por ciento de los casos y el paciente con grado IV recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico con rayos láser. Se encontró mayor incidencia en el sexo masculino y factores asociados como la dificultad respiratoria y la ventilación, en el 75 por ciento de los casos. CONCLUSIÓN. La incidencia de ROP fue baja en comparación con los resultados de otros estudios

INTRODUCTION: Retinopathy of prematurity (RP) is a neovascular retinopathy developing in the 84 percent of premature infants. It is proportional in inverse order to weight and to gestational age and its frequent in an infant weighing less than 1500 g. The aim of present research was to know the prematurity retinopathy incidence in neonates weighing less than 1500 g, s well as some related factors. METHODS: A longitudinal and prospective study was conducted including 31 neonates weighing less than 1500 g, admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of the Ivan Portuondo Hospital from January, 2004 to December, 2008. Those deceased weren't included. In all the cases authors carried out screening of RP, taking into account the sex and a gestational age lower than 36 weeks. Some risk factors for RP were assessed. RESULTS: RP was present in the 25,8 percent of the 31 neonates: the 6,5 percent with RP I and RP II, the 9,7 percent with RP III and the 3,2 percent with RP IV. We found immature retina in the 74,2 percent of patients. The 9,7 of cases and the patients with IV degree underwent surgical treatment using Laser rays. There was a greater incidence in male sex and related factors (respiratory failure and ventilation in the 75 percent of cases. CONCLUSION: RP incidence was low compared with the results from other studies

Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy using 3-trocar method through the previous operation scar for large uterus weighing 300 g or more / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and safety of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) using 3-trocar method through the previous operation scar for uterus weighing 300 g or more in the management of gynecologic disease. METHODS: This retrospective study was peformed in 51 cases of LAVH with uterus weighing 300 g or more and with symptomatic benign gynecologic diseases (leiomyoma or adenomyosis). LAVH was performed through 3-trocar method (one trocar below the umbilicus, and two trocars at the point about 2 cm above and medial side of each anterior superior iliac spine, or at the bilateral edges of the previous operation scar). RESULTS: Previous operation history was found in 17 cases (33.3%) and cesarean section was the most common. There was no difference in the age, body mass index, parity, length of operation, amount of blood loss, hemoglobin change, length of gas out, and hospital stay, rate of transfusion and complication between two groups divided by history of operation (P>0.05). Uterine weight in the group having operation history was lighter than that in group having not operation history (519.91+/-220.53 g and 381.24+/-70.63 g, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LAVH for large uterus weighing 300 g or more using 3-trocar method through previous operation scar is safe and effective operation method, and may be an alternative to abdominal hysterectomy in selected patients.

Análisis de la morbilidad y mortalidad en recién nacidos con peso inferior a 1500 g / Analysis of morbidity and mortality in newborns weighing less than 1500 g

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los recién nacidos (RN) con peso inferior a 1500 g continúan contribuyendo desproporcionadamente a la morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal a pesar de representar sólo el 1,0 -1,5 por ciento del total de nacimientos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la morbilidad y mortalidad en los RN de muy bajo peso al nacer en el servicio de Neonatología del Hospital General Universitario Abel Santamaría Cuadrado, en Pinar del Río. MÉTODOS. Se realizó una investigación observacional, longitudinal, prospectiva y analítica, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) de dicho hospital, entre enero y diciembre de 2007. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los neonatos vivos con peso inferior a 1500 g que ingresaron en la UCIN en el período establecido, y la muestra quedó formada por 52 neonatos. Se analizaron las variables sexo, edad gestacional, peso, crecimiento intrauterino, necesidad de ventilación mecánica, complicaciones y supervivencia. Se elaboró una base de datos en SPSS 12. Las variables fueron analizadas mediante el método porcentual. RESULTADOS. Predominó el sexo masculino (53,9 por ciento), la edad gestacional entre 27 y 29,6 semanas (44,2 por ciento) y el crecimiento uterino con peso adecuado según la edad gestacional (84,6 por ciento). La enfermedad de la membrana hialina (55,8 por ciento) y los trastornos metabólicos (50 por ciento) constituyeron las morbilidades más frecuentes. El 59,6 por ciento de los recién nacidos necesitaron ventilación mecánica, y la bronconeumonía fue la principal causa de muerte en el 40 por ciento de los casos. La supervivencia fue del 90,4 por ciento

INTRODUCTION: The newborns (NB) weighing less than 1500 g contribute en a disproportionate way to the perinatal morbidity and mortality despite representing only the 1,0 1,5 percent of birth total. The objective of present research was to analyze the morbidity and the mortality in newborns with a very low birth weight in Neonatology Service of Abel Santamaría Cuadrado University Hospital in Pinar del Río Province. METHODS: An analytical, prospective, longitudinal and observational research in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of this hospital between January and December, 2007. Group included all live neonates weighing less than 1500 g admitted in NICU during the established period and sample included 52 neonates. Variables like sex, gestational age, weight, and intrauterine growth, the need of mechanic ventilation, complications and survival were analyzed. In SPSS 12 was created a database. Variables were analyzed by conceptual method. RESULTS: There was predominance of male sex (53,9 percent, gestational ages was between 27 and 29,6 weeks (44,2 percent) and uterine growth with a suitable weight according gestational age (84,6 percent). Hyaline membrane disease (55,8 percent) and metabolic disorders (50 percent) are the more frequent morbidities. The 59,6 percent of newborns needed mechanic ventilation and bronchopneumonia was the leading cause of death in 40 percent of cases. Survival rate was of 90,4 percent

Analysis of clinical data of blood loss during and after cesarean section in women with scarred uterus / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinic value of blood loss during and after cesarean section in women with scarred uterus. Methods From July 2007 to December 2008, thirty-six women with scarred uterus received weighing methods to evaluate the actual blood loss during and after cesarean section in Yuhuangding hospital, while 98 cases without pregnant complications were chosen as control. Results In women with scarred uterus, the blood loss during operation Was (372.4 ± 180.0) ml, and the total amount after 2 hours and 24 hours were (444.7± 228.2) ml and (527.4 ±251.6) ml respectively, which were higher than corresponding values in control group (P < 0. 05). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in scarred uterus was 47.2%, higher than that in control group (P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences between two groups in the tests of hemoglobin and coagulation functions (P > 0. 05). Conclusions Scarred uterus may be one of the important reasons which lead to postpartum hemorrhage. The clinical treatment of pregnant women with scarred uterus should focus on the prevention of blood loss during the cesarean section.

Clinical Evaluation on 30 cases of Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy for Uteri Weighing 500 g or more / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and safety of performing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for uteri weighing 500 g or more and evaluate the advantages and complications of LAVH. METHODS: A subpopulation of 30 women with uteri weighing 500 g or more from group of 412 patients undergoing LAVH between Mar, 2003 to Feb, 2005. We reviewed medical records and analyzed these cases about age, parity, history of previous abdominal surgery, preoperative indications, postoperative pathologic diagnosis, mean operation times, weight of extracted uterus, change of hemoglobin, hospital stay, and complications. RESULTS: The mean age was 44.8+/-3.88 years. The mean parity was 1.78+/-0.76. Previous operation history was 16 cases (53.3%). The most common indication of operation was palpable abdominal mass. The most common pathologic diagnosis was leiomyoma. The mean operation time was 126.40+/-39.30 minutes. The mean weight of uterus was 621.23+/-107.28 g. The mean hemoglobin change was 1.57+/-1.14 g/dL. The mean hospital stay was 3.74+/-0.88 days. The only complication of operation was superficial trocar site bleeding (1 case). CONCLUSION: LAVH is a safe and effective alternative to total abdominal hysterectomy of the uteri weighing 500 g or more in selective groups.

Experience in treating acne / 中华中医药杂志

This article introduced Professor WENG Li-li’s experience in treating acne. She held that the following four principles should be obeyed during the treatment course: determination of treatment based on syndrome differentiation, application of drugs based on essence of disease; stopping using clearing heat and detoxicating when it achieved therapeutic effect; resolving method was the main method for syndrome of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis; weighing the main and secondary of excess and deficiency.

Effects of bone mineral content and density on accuracy of body fat measurement by underwater weighing / 体力科学

Underwater weighing is based on the assumption that fat-free body density is roughly constant among humans. This assumption should be examined, because fat-free body density may in fact depend on the bone mineral and water contents of the body, with fat excluded. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) on the accuracy of body fat measured underwater. The subjects were 12 young men (25.1±3.7 years, mean ± SD), some of whom were trained athletes. BMC and BMD were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as was body fat, as a percentage of body weight; this method is not based on the assumption that fat-free body density is the same in different individual. Body fat as a percen tage of body weight was measured underwater, also. Body fat measured by DXA was significantly correlated with that found by underwater weighing (r = 0.83, p<0.01), as expected, but the mean body fat found by DXA was 4.3% higher. The differences between results by the two methods for individuals were from -11.5% to 2.7%, and the differences were negatively correlated with BMC/fat-free weight (FFW ; r=-0.82, p < 0.01) and BMD (r=-0.85, p<0.01) . Fat-free body density ranged from 1.097 to 1.111 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>because BMC/FFWs varied with the individual. We concluded that individual differences in BMC/FFW and BMD affected the fat-free body density. The variations in fat-free body density would give rise to systematic errors in body composition measured underwater.