Prevalence of Work Ability and its Associated Factors among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Work ability is the relationship between a person’s personality, health, lifestyle, and employment-related factors. There are, however, few studies evaluating the variables linked to school teachers’ work ability. The purpose of this study was to assess school teachers’ work ability and the factors that affect it. Methods: A cross-sectional study of secondary school teachers was carried out. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, body mass index, low back pain (LBP), psychological factors, work-related factors, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and work ability were all collected through the questionnaire. The association between potential factors and job ability was investigated using ordinal logistic regression. Results were presented using odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of 1280, there were 1037 (81.0%) teachers who returned the questionnaire. The majority (71.9%) of the participants had moderate work ability, while 22.6% had good, and 5.5% had poor work ability. None of them were particularly had excellent work ability. The factors associated with increased work ability in the multivariable analysis were better HRQoL, namely physical (OR 1.11, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.15) and mental (OR 1.12, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.16) health and wellbeing. Conclusion: Positive associations exist between a teacher’s work ability and their physical and emotional well-being. Henceforth suggesting that these factors should be incorporated in workplace health promotion programs to maintain teachers’ work ability.

Study on the influence of job burnout and anxiety symptoms on work ability of biosafety laboratory staff in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To understand the influence of job burnout and anxiety symptoms on work ability of biosafety laboratory (BSL) workers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. {L-End}Methods A total of 5 808 BSL workers in Xinjiang Region were selected as the research subjects using cluster sampling method. The Job Burnout Questionnaire, Anxiety Self-rating Scale and Work Ability Index Questionnaire were used to evaluate their job burnout, anxiety symptoms and work ability. The mediation effect of anxiety symptoms on the relationship between job burnout and work ability was tested by stepwise regression analysis. {L-End}Results The detection rate of job burnout, anxiety symptoms and poor working ability was 83.1% (4 829/5 808), 37.2% (2 160/5 808) and 5.8% (339/5 808), respectively. There was a positive correlation between job burnout and anxiety symptoms score in BSL workers ［correlation coefficient (r) was 0.48, P<0.01］. The score of job burnout and anxiety symptoms was negatively correlated with the work ability score (r were -0.58, -0.51, both P<0.01). The results of mediation effect analysis show that the total effect of job burnout on work ability was -0.31, with the direct effect of -0.15. The mediation effect of anxiety symptoms on the relationship between job burnout and work ability was -0.16, accounting for 51.6% of the total effect. {L-End}Conclusion The detection rates of job burnout and anxiety symptoms among BSL workers in Xinjiang Region are relatively high. Anxiety symptoms show a mediate effect on the relationship between job burnout and work ability. The work ability of BSL workers can be improved by improving job burnout and anxiety symptoms.

Work-ability Support Scale-Chinese Version for Stroke Patients: Reliability and Validity Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of Work-ability Support Scale (WSS) in stroke patients. Methods:WSS was translated into Chinese with the standard translation-retroversion. From December, 2018 to March, 2019, 193 middle-aged and young stroke patients from two community health service centers in Zhengzhou were conveniently selected, and investigated with Chinese WSS by two nurses. The data were analyzed with item analysis, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and inter-rater reliability. Results:The content validity was 0.94 in WSS A and 0.90 in WSS B. Three factors were extracted from 16 items in WSS A, with cumulative variance contribution of 67.747%; while three factors were extracted from 12 items in WSS B, with cumulative variance contribution of 56.056%. Cronbach's α was 0.933 and 0.778 in WSS A and WSS B, respectively. The kappa coefficient was above 0.6 between two raters in every item, except items B8 and B10. Conclusion:Chinese WSS is satisfactory in validity and reliability for using in young and middle-aged stroke patients during their return to work.

Aspects of work and sleep associated with work ability in regular aviation pilots / Aspectos do trabalho e do sono associados à capacidade para o trabalho entre pilotos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze the association of work organization and sleep aspects with work ability in regular aviation pilots. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,234 regular aviation pilots who worked domestic and international flights, affiliated with the Brazilian Association of Civil Aviation Pilots. Data collection employed online questionnaire. We compared proportions using Pearson's Chi-squared or Fisher's exact hypothesis tests. Then, we conducted Poisson analysis, with robust variance, to test factors associated with moderate or low work ability. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate or low work ability was 43.3%. We found that self-perception of insufficient sleep (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.06-1.57), increased perception for fatigue (PR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.24-1.84), more than 65 flight hours per month (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.01-1.46), less than 10 days of time off per month (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.04-1.55), and frequent operational delays (PR = 1.23; 95%CI 1.02-1.48) were factors associated with moderate or low work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Work organization was a determining factor for decreased work ability, especially concerning aspects related to rest and its influence on the sleep of pilots.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação da organização do trabalho e dos aspectos do sono com a capacidade para o trabalho entre pilotos da aviação regular. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, com 1.234 pilotos da aviação regular, que realizavam voos de rotas nacionais e internacionais, afiliados à Associação Brasileira de Pilotos da Aviação Civil. A coleta de dados foi feita através de questionário on-line. Para comparação entre as proporções foram realizados os testes de hipóteses qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher. Posteriormente, foi efetuada a análise de Poisson, com variância robusta, para testar os fatores associados à capacidade moderada ou baixa para o trabalho. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de capacidade para o trabalho moderada ou baixa foi de 43,3%. Verificou-se que autopercepção de sono insuficiente (RP = 1,29; IC95% 1,06-1,57), maior percepção para fadiga (RP = 1,51; IC95% 1,24-1,84), jornada de voo maior que 65 horas por mês (RP = 1,22; IC95% 1,01-1,46), menos de 10 dias de folga por mês (RP = 1,27; IC95% 1,04-1,55) e atrasos operacionais frequentes (RP = 1,23; IC95% 1,02-1,48) foram fatores associados à capacidade moderada ou baixa para o trabalho. CONCLUSÕES: A organização do trabalho foi um fator determinante para a diminuição da capacidade para o trabalho, em especial quanto aos aspectos relacionados ao descanso e suas repercussões no sono de pilotos.

Envelhecimento, produtividade e capacidade para o trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem / Aging, productivity and work ability in nursing workers

A problemática do envelhecimento no trabalho tem sido discutida em âmbitos nacional e internacional, haja vista seu impacto na produtividade e na gestão de políticas públicas à saúde do trabalhador. Verificar a associação entre o envelhecimento cronológico, a capacidade para o trabalho e a produtividade em trabalhadores de enfermagem e compreender as expectativas dos trabalhadores de enfermagem com idade igual ou superior a 45 anos acerca do envelhecimento cronológico e da capacidade para o trabalho. Estudo epidemiológico de recorte transversal, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, desenvolvido em uma Hospital Público do estado de São Paulo, com trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem com idade igual e superior a 45 anos. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados por meio de formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e profissionais, questionário Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho e questionário sobre produtividade no trabalho em atividades: Saúde geral V 2.0; e os dados qualitativos foram coletados através de entrevista individual com os trabalhadores de enfermagem onde foram transcritos e submetidos à técnica de análise de discurso proposta pelo referencial de Minayo (2014). Foram eleitos 264 trabalhadores e desses 211(79,9%) participaram da pesquisa. A média etária foi de 53 anos (dp=4,3 anos), sendo 188(89,1%) mulheres, 57,8% casado (a) ou com companheiro (a), 50,7% com escolaridade nível superior. O tempo médio de atuação na profissão enfermagem era de 25,5 anos (dp=6,6anos),65,4% exerciam a função de técnico e auxiliar de enfermagem,54% tinham renda familiar a partir de nove salários mínimos(R$ 8.4433,00). A média do escore do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho foi considerada boa, com 37,8 pontos, porém 41,7% com Índice da Capacidade para o trabalho inadequado. Os problemas de saúde predominantes foram as doenças musculoesqueléticas. A produtividade revelou um escore médio de 24.7% de prejuízo às atividades diárias devido à saúde, 22,7% no prejuízo total ao trabalho devido à saúde e, no presenteísmo de 21,2%. Observou associação estatisticamente significativa entre a produtividade e a capacidade para o trabalho (p<0,001) onde o comprometimento na produtividade está entre àqueles com capacidade inadequada (moderada e baixa). Na análise dos dados qualitativos foram construídas três categorias onde os participantes percebem o seu envelhecimento, suas limitações e se preocupam com os seus problemas físicos; acreditam que não podem mais produzir, tem medo da dependência e, um desejo e satisfação de continuar realizando suas atividades; um sentimento de tristeza quando pensam em se preparar, planejar o seu envelhecimento, eles se preocupam, mas, não querem pensar nessa questão e, alguns trabalhadores pretendem parar de trabalhar, mas, outros desejavam continuar trabalhando. Apenas alguns tinham uma perspectiva de se planejar e preparar para o seu envelhecimento. Destaca-se a importância de identificar o perfil dos trabalhadores de enfermagem em fase de envelhecimento para que as Instituições promovam estratégias e intervenções voltadas para essa faixa etária a fim de prevenir a aposentadoria precoce e favorecer uma melhor longevidade.

He problem of aging at work has been discussed at national and international levels, given its impact on productivity and the management of public policies on worker health. To verify the association between chronological aging, work ability for work and productivity in nursing workers, and to understand the expectations of nursing workers aged 45 years or older about chronological aging and work capacity. Epidemiological study of a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, developed at a Public Hospital in the state of São Paulo, with nursing team workers aged 45 and over. The quantitative data were collected through a form containing sociodemographic and professional data, a questionnaire on Work Ability Index and a questionnaire on work productivity in activities: general health V 2.0; and the qualitative data were collected through an individual interview with the nursing workers where they were transcribed and submitted to the discourse analysis technique proposed by Minayo (2014). 264 workers were elected and of these, 211 (79.9%) participated in the study. The mean age was 53 years (dp = 4.3 years), 188 (89.1%) women, 57.8% married or with a partner, 50.7% with higher education level. The average time in the nursing profession was 25.5 years (dp = 6.6 years), 65.4% worked as a nurse assistant and technician, 54% had a family income from nine minimum wages (R $ 8.4433,00). The average of the Work Ability Index score was considered good, with 37.8 points, but 41.7% with a Capacity Index for inadequate work. The predominant health problems were musculoskeletal diseases. Productivity showed an average score of 24.7% for "damage to daily activities due to health", 22.7% for "total work injury due to health" and 21.2% for "presentism". There was a statistically significant association between productivity and work capacity (p <0.001) where productivity is among those with inadequate capacity (moderate and low). In the analysis of the qualitative data, three categories were constructed where the participants perceive their aging, their limitations and are concerned with their physical problems; believe that they can no longer produce, are afraid of dependence, and a desire and satisfaction to carry on their activities; a feeling of sadness when they think about preparing themselves, planning their aging, they worry, but they do not want to think about it. , some workers intend to stop working, but others wanted to continue working. Only a few had a perspective of planning and preparing for their aging. It is important to identify the profile of nursing workers in the aging phase so that the Institutions promote strategies and interventions aimed at this age group to prevent early retirement and promote a better longevity.

Capacidade para o trabalho e envelhecimento funcional: análise Sistêmica da Literatura utilizando o PROKNOW-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist) / Work ability and functional aging: a Systemic Analysis of the Literature using ProkNow-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist)

Resumo Dados do IBGE apontam que a população idosa do Brasil que era de 11%, em 2013, passará a ser de 33,7%, em 2060. Este processo de envelhecimento pode ser diagnosticado a partir da capacidade que o trabalhador dispõe para suas atividades laborais. Para realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, utilizou-se o PROKNOW-C, realizando a análise bibliométrica e sistêmica da literatura. Os resultados levaram a constituição de um portfólio com 29 artigos, destacando-se os periódicos de maior relevância, autores e palavras-chaves. A análise sistêmica proporcionou importantes resultados: a metodologia survey foi aplicada em 26 artigos; 21 estudos são cortes transversais; constatou-se que em 10 estudos a capacidade para o trabalho diminui com o avanço da idade e a prática de exercícios físicos foi associada positivamente com o ICT em 11 estudos. Os resultados confirmam que o ICT é um instrumento que permite diagnosticar a situação da vida laboral dos trabalhadores, e, em caso de baixos índices, a presença de um envelhecimento funcional precoce. O estudo possibilitou ressaltar a importância de avaliar aspectos da vida social do trabalhador, uma vez que estes fatores influenciam positiva ou negativamente na capacidade para o trabalho.

Abstract Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) data indicate that the elderly population of Brazil numbering 11% in 2003, will attain 33.7% by 2060. This aging process can be diagnosed from the capability workers possess for their labor activities. ProKnow-C was used to conduct the review, carrying out bibliometric and systemic analysis of the literature on the subject. The results led to the compilation of a portfolio with 29 papers, highlighting the most relevant journals, authors and keywords. Systemic analysis provided important results: survey methodology was applied on 26 papers, 21 of which were cross-sectional studies; in all the papers the WAI was associated with sociodemographic data; in 10 studies it was found that the work ability decreased while age increased and the practice of physical exercises was positively associated with the WAI in 11 studies. The results led to the perception that the WAI is an instrument that makes it possible to diagnose the situation of the working life of employees, and, in the case of low rates, the presence of early functional aging is detected. The study highlighted the importance of assessing aspects of the worker's social life, since these factors influence the work ability positively or negatively.

Factors that determine the Work Ability Index of street cleaners / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: Korea has shown a rapid pace of aging and has become an aged society in a shorter period than Western countries. Therefore, it is important that middle-aged workers maintain their ability to work in the industrial field at the maximum level while maintaining their health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting work ability and to use this data to maintain the working ability of middle-aged workers in the future.METHODS: From 2015 to 2017, we surveyed 371 street cleaners who visited a health center for health promotion in a metropolitan city. The relationship between the general characteristics of the survey subjects and the Work Ability Index (WAI) was confirmed by a univariate analysis. Statistically significant (p<0.2) factors were selected and a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with WAI scores as a dependent variable.RESULTS: Age, body mass index, body fat percentage, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korea (AUDIT-K) scores, the Psychosocial Well-Being Index-Short Form (PWI-SF) scores, maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)), and hypertension showed statistically significant correlations with the WAI in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the VO(2max), AUDIT-K scores, and PWI-SF scores were included in the regression equation. VO(2max) had the greatest effect on the standardization coefficient indicating the relative contribution of independent variables, followed by the AUDIT-K scores and the PWI-SF scores.CONCLUSION: Programs to increase workers’ physical work ability and alleviate psychosocial stress and drinking habits should be developed and implemented in the future.

Activity Level and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Physical Workload During Working Career

The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO₂max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO₂max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/m² increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.

Fatores associados à ótima capacidade para o trabalho em servidores idosos de uma universidade no Sul do Brasil / Factors associated to excellent work ability of aged public servants from a university in southern Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: investigar a associação entre o índice de capacidade para o trabalho e os fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais, estilo de vida e saúde em idosos. Métodos: estudo transversal, com amostra de servidores idosos de uma instituição de ensino superior. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas e dados referentes a comportamento social, saúde, e trabalho. Utilizou-se análise uni e multivariada pelo Modelo de Regressão Logística para determinar os fatores associados à ótima capacidade para o trabalho. Resultados: na amostra prevaleceram os homens (57,8%), entre 60 e 64 anos (75,6%), com ensino superior (57,8%). A maioria declarou ser sedentária (89,1%) e com exigência mental de trabalho (62,8%). Mais da metade da amostra era de idosos em sobrepeso (53%), que relataram quedas (21,3%) e uso regular de múltiplos medicamentos (25,6%). As variáveis associadas à menor chance de ótima capacidade para o trabalho foram sexo feminino (OR=0,39; IC95%=0,18-0,83); cor não branca (OR=0,37; IC95%=0,16-0,84); exigência física para o trabalho (OR=0,40; IC95%=0,17-0,97); hospitalização (OR=0,14; IC95%=0,03-0,57); dificuldades no sono (OR=0,12; IC95%=0,04-0,43); autopercepção de saúde ruim (OR=0,22; IC95%=0,09-0,54); queixas de sintomas osteomusculares nos últimos 7 dias (OR=0,29, IC95%=0,10-0,87); e sintomas que comprometem o trabalho (OR=0,25; IC95%=0,08-0,82). Conclusão: fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e condição de saúde comprometeram a ótima capacidade para o trabalho em idosos.

Abstract Objective: to investigate the association between work ability index and socio-demographic, occupational, lifestyle and health factors in aged people. Methods: cross-sectional study, with aged public servants from a higher education institution. Sociodemographic information and data on social behavior, health, and work were collected. Uni and multivariate analysis according to the logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with excellent work ability. Results: the sample showed a prevalence of men (57.8%), between 60 and 64 years (75.6%), with higher education (57.8%). Most claimed being sedentary (89.1%) and having mental work demands (62.8%). More than half of the sample was of overweight aged people (53%) who reported falls (21.3%) and regular use of multiple medications (25.6%). The variables associated with less chance of excellent work ability were female (OR=0.39; CI95%=0.18-0.83); non-white color (OR=0.37; CI95%=0.16-0.84); physical demand for the job (OR=0.40; CI95%=0.17-0.97); hospitalization (OR=0.14; CI95%=0.03-0.57); sleep difficulties (OR=0.12; CI95%=0.04-0.43); self-perception of poor health (OR=0.22; CI95%=0.09-0.54); complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 7 days (OR=0.29, CI95%=0.10-0.87); and symptoms that affect work (OR=0.25; CI95%=0.08-0.82). Conclusion: sociodemographic and occupational factors, as well as health conditions jeopardize aged people's excellent work ability.

Prevalência da capacidade para o trabalho inadequada entre trabalhadores de enfermagem da atenção básica à saúde / Prevalence of inadequate work ability among nursing workers in the primary care setting

Contexto: A capacidade para o trabalho é um construto amplo que remete à ideia de um equilíbrio entre o estresse referente às condições de trabalho, o ambiente laboral e suas ferramentas e o desgaste do trabalhador ocasionado pelo estresse. Para identificar a redução ou perda dessa capacidade foi elaborado o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), que considera a autopercepção do trabalhador sobre a sua saúde e capacidade para o trabalho. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência e as características da capacidade para o trabalho inadequada entre trabalhadores de enfermagem da atenção básica à saúde no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 490 trabalhadores de enfermagem de 5 municípios da Bahia entre 2011 e 2012, por meio do ICT. Resultados: A prevalência de capacidade para o trabalho inadequada entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem foi de 17,9%, sendo maior entre os enfermeiros (18,2%), quando comparados aos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem (17,7%). Os trabalhadores do município de Salvador apresentaram a maior prevalência de capacidade para o trabalho inadequada (27,7%), e os de Feira de Santana, a menor prevalência (12,8%). Conclusões: Faz-se necessário restaurar, melhorar e também manter e apoiar a capacidade para o trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem a partir de modificações tanto no ambiente de trabalho quanto na vida do trabalhador.

Context: Work ability is a broad construct that refers to the notion of balance among stress related to the working conditions, the work environment and its tools and worker's wear caused by stress. The Work Ability Index (WAI) was developed to investigate reduction or loss of work ability based on the workers' self-perception of their health and work ability. Objectives: To establish the prevalence and characteristics of inadequate work ability among nursing workers at the primary health care setting in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed with 490 nursing workers from 5 municipalities of Bahia from 2011 to 2012 through application of WAI. Results: The prevalence of inadequate work ability was 17.9%, higher among nurses (18.2%) compared to nursing technicians and assistants (17.7%). The workers from the city of Salvador exhibited the highest prevalence of inadequate work ability (27.7%) and the ones from Feira de Santana the lowest (12.8%). Conclusions: The work ability of nursing workers must be restored, improved, maintained and supported beginning by changes in the workplace and the workers' lives.

Estressores afetando a capacidade para o trabalho em diferentes grupos etários na Enfermagem: seguimento de 2 anos / Stressors influence work ability in different age groups of nursing professionals: 2-year follow-up

Resumo Estressores do trabalho afetam a capacidade para o trabalho (CT) e o aumento da idade associa-se ao envelhecimento funcional. Foi avaliado se diferentes estressores afetam a CT de profissionais de enfermagem jovens e em envelhecimento. Uma coorte (2009-2011) de 304 trabalhadores de um hospital de São Paulo respondeu aos questionários Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (ERI), Escala Estresse no Trabalho (EET), Atividades que contribuem para dor/lesão (WRAPI) e Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT). Mudanças na exposição aos estressores nos grupos etários (< 45 anos e ≥ 45anos) foram comparadas ao delta-ICT (diferença na pontuação inicial e final) pelo teste Mann-Whitney. Houve piora no delta-ICT (p = 0,609), sem diferença entre os dois grupos etários. Nos jovens a intensificação dos estressores ERI (p = 0,004), excesso de comprometimento (p = 0,002), apoio social (p = 0,014) e WRAPI (p = 0,004) associou-se à diminuição da CT e nos mais velhos apenas o ERI (p = 0,047). A CT dos jovens sofreu efeito da intensificação de vários estressores, enquanto a CT dos mais velhos recebeu influência apenas do desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa, indicando que ações de intervenção devem ser diferenciadas para os grupos etários.

Abstract Work stressors influence work ability – WA - and increasing age is associated with functional aging. We sought to establish whether work stressors differentially influence WA in young and aging nursing professionals. A cohort (2009-2011) composed of 304 workers at a hospital in Sao Paulo responded questionnaires Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), Job Stress Scale (JSS), Work-Related Activities That May Contribute To Job-Related Pain and/or Injury (WRAPI) and Work Ability Index (WAI). Changes in perceived exposure to stressors in each age group (< 45 and ≥ 45 years old) were compared to delta-WAI (difference between initial and final WAI score) by means of the Mann-Whitney test. There was a worsening in WAI (p = 0.609) without difference between the groups. WA impairment was associated with intensification of stressors ERI (p = 0.004), overcommitment (p = 0.002), social support (p = 0.014) and WRAPI (p = 0.004) among the younger workers, but with poorer ERI (p = 0.047) only among the older ones. While among the younger workers WA was influenced by the intensification of various stressors, in the case of the older ones it was influenced by effort-reward imbalance only, indicating that interventions should be differentiated according to age groups.

Capacidade para o trabalho e fatores associados em profissionais no Brasil / Work ability and associated factors among professionals in Brazil

Contexto: A saúde do trabalhador vem expondo uma alteração no seu perfil e influenciando a capacidade de trabalho, o que configura um problema de saúde no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão sobre a capacidade para o trabalho e fatores associados em profissionais no Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional do período de 1999 a 2015, mediante busca nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, utilizando os termos "capacidade de trabalho", "capacidade para o trabalho", "avaliação da capacidade de trabalho", "desempenho do trabalho", "work capacity evaluation", "work capacity", "work ability" e "work ability index". Resultados: Após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão sobre o total de estudos levantados (n=1.479), 59 artigos integraram a revisão. Desses, 12,1% evidenciaram uma prevalência de capa-cidade adequada para o trabalho e 1,7%, inadequada. Outros estudos apresentaram seus resultados do Índice de Capacidade para o trabalho (ICT) nas classificações (ruim, moderada, boa, ótima). Esta pesquisa encontrou que 3,4% dos estudos apresentaram prevalência de capacidade para o trabalho nas categorias moderada e boa; 10,4% na categoria moderada; 65,6% na categoria boa; e 20,6% na categoria ótima. Conclusões: A capacidade para o trabalho denota um indicador importante em função de suas implicações na saúde, no bem-estar e na empregabilidade dos trabalhadores. As questões sobre o tema, apesar de relevantes, ainda carecem de maior atenção no país

Background: The workers' health profile is undergoing change affecting their work ability, which represents a health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Aim: To perform a literature review on work ability and associated factors among professionals in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review of articles published in Brazil from 1999 to 2015 was performed in databases Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, using terms "capacidade de trabalho", "capacidade para o trabalho", "avaliação da capacidade de trabalho", "desempenho do trabalho", "work capacity evaluation", "work capacity", "work ability" and "work ability index". Results: From the total number of articles located (n=1,479) 59 were selected for analysis after application of the insclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the analyzed studies 12.1% reported a prevalence of adequate work ability and 1.7% of inadequate work ability. Another group of studies analyzed the Work Ability Index (WAI) and expressed its results in categories (poor, moderate, good, high). In about 1.7% of the studies the work ability estimates corresponded to categories moderate and poor; in 5.2% to category moderate; in 32.8% to category good; and in 10.3% to category high. Conclusion: Work ability is a relevant indicator as a function of its implications for the workers' health, well-being and employability. Their relevance notwithstanding, the issues related to this subject still require greater attention in Brazil.

Agentes de limpeza terceirizados: entre o ressentimento e o reconhecimento / Outsourced cleaning workers: between resentment and the recognition

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a percepção sobre a atividade de trabalho dos agentes de limpeza terceirizados de uma faculdade pública e determinar seu índice de capacidade para o trabalho. Métodos: foram utilizadas três ferramentas - Análise Coletiva do Trabalho (ACT); Questionário Sociodemográfico de trabalho e de estilo de vida (QSD) e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT). Resultados/discussão: das 22 agentes de limpeza, seis apresentaram ICT Baixo e Mode­rado, o que as coloca em posição de vulnerabilidade. Para além das demandas físicas de trabalho, as queixas das agentes de limpeza se concentraram nos riscos psicossociais, especialmente relacionados ao estresse e ao assédio moral. As trabalhadoras acreditam no valor de suas atividades, mas manifestaram ressentimento pela falta de reconhecimento por parte dos gestores e usuários da instituição. Conclusão: Fica evidente a necessidade de intervir nesse contexto para a manutenção da capacidade de trabalho e das condições para viver bem destes agentes de limpeza terceirizados.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the perception of the outsourced cleaning workers from a public university on their work activity and to determine their work ability index. Method: three tools were used - Collective Work Analysis; a social-demographic, occupational and lifestyle questionnaire; and Work Ability Index (WAI). Results/discussion: from the 22 cleaning workers, six presented low and moderated WAI, which shows that they are in a vulnerable position. Besides the physical demands, the workers’ complaints were about psychosocial risks, specially related to stress and workplace bullying. Discussion: The cleaning workers believe in the quality value that their activities add to the university and expressed resentment by the lack of recognition from the managers and users of the institution. It is clear that the university needs to intervene in those work conditions so that workers can maintain their work capacity and well being.

A Lower Level of Physically Demanding Work Is Associated with Excellent Work Ability in Men and Women with Neck Pain in Different Age Groups

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate which physical and psychosocial work demands were associated with excellent work ability in individuals with neck pain, and to investigate age and sex differences in these associations. METHODS: The study sample was obtained from the Statistics Sweden cross-sectional Work Environment survey and consisted of workers who reported neck pain after work (N = 3,212). RESULTS: The findings showed an association between excellent work ability and self-reported low exposure to lifting, twisted work posture, working with hands in shoulder level or higher, and leaning forward without support and combination of exposures containing these work demands. Low exposure to seated work and high demands showed a reversed association. The associations were present mainly among older workers and were generally stronger for men than for women. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a lower level of physically demanding work is an important element to maintain excellent work ability, especially for the older worker with neck pain.

Recovery and Return to Work After a Pelvic Fracture

BACKGROUND: Pelvic ring fractures (PRFs) may influence the daily activities and quality of life of the injured. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the functional outcomes and factors related to return to work (RTW) after PRF. METHODS: During the years 2003–2012, 282 injured individuals aged 20–55 years on the date of the accident, were hospitalized and treated for PRFs in a large tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. One hundred and three patients were traced and contacted; 77 who were on paid employment prior to the accident gave their informed consent to participate in the survey, which was conducted in early 2015 through telephone interviews. The questionnaire included variables related to injury, treatment and activities, and the Majeed pelvic score. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used for statistical assessment. RESULTS: Almost half of the injured (46.7%) fully RTW, and earning losses were reported to be 35% after PRF. The univariate analysis confirmed that RTW was significantly related to accident site (labor or not), the magnitude of the accident's force, concomitant injuries, duration of hospitalization, time to RTW, engagement to the same sport, Majeed score, and complications such as limp and pain as well as urologic and sexual complaints (p < 0.05 for all). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the accident sustained out of work (odds ratio: 6.472, 95% confidence interval: 1.626–25.769) and Majeed score (odds ratio: 3.749, 95% confidence interval: 2.092–6.720) were identified as independent predictive factors of full RTW. CONCLUSION: PRFs have severe socioeconomic consequences. Possible predictors of RTW should be taken into account for health management and policies.

Distúrbio de voz e trabalho docente / Voice disorder and teaching work ability

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre distúrbio de voz e capacidade para o trabalho em docentes da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo. Métodos: professoras que buscaram atendimento fonoaudiológico, com queixa de alteração vocal; e professoras selecionadas sem queixa, expostas ao mesmo ambiente de trabalho, passaram por avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da voz; preenchimento dos protocolos Índice de Capacidade para o trabalho e Condição de Produção Vocal do Professor; e avaliação perceptivo-visual da laringe. Foram classificadas como Caso as que tinham alteração na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e em pregas vocais (167) e Controle as sem alterações nas avaliações (105). Resultados: a capacidade para o trabalho esteve entre baixa e moderada entre os casos (67,4%) e entre boa e ótima (66,6%) nas professoras do controle (escore total). Houve associação estatística em duas dimensões do ICT, apontando que as docentes com distúrbio de voz apresentaram quase três vezes mais chance de perder capacidade para o trabalho e que quanto pior a perda da capacidade, mais forte é a associação com o distúrbio de voz. Conclusão: há associação entre o distúrbio de voz e as dimensões capacidade atual para o trabalho comparada com a melhor de toda vida, indicando que os sujeitos que apresentaram distúrbio de voz estavam em sua pior capacidade para trabalhar, e perda estimada para o trabalho por causa de doenças, indicando que quanto maior a perda da capacidade para o trabalho, mais forte é a relação com o distúrbio de voz, independente da idade.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the association between voice disorder and work ability in teachers of public schools of São Paulo. Methods: teachers who searched for speech therapy, with voice alteration complaint; and selected teachers with no complaint who were exposed to the work environment and submitted to the auditory voice perception; completing the Work Ability Index and the Conditions of Vocal Production of Teachers protocols; and perceptive visual larynx evaluation. Those with changes in perceptual evaluation and vocal folds were classified as Case (167) and those without changes in evaluations (105) were classified as Control. Results: the work ability was from low to moderate among the cases (67.4%) and between good and great (66.6%) in the control teachers (total score). There was a statistical association in two WAI dimensions, pointing out that teachers with voice disorders were nearly three times more likely to lose their work ability and the worst the loss of ability, the stronger is the association with the voice disorder. Conclusion: there is an association between the voice disorder and the dimensions for current work ability compared with the best of lifetime, indicating that subjects who had a voice disorder were at their worst conditions regarding their work ability, and estimated loss for work due to illnesses, indicating that the greater the loss of work ability, the stronger is the relationship with the voice disorder, regardless of age.

Work ability and health of security guards at a public University: a cross-sectional study / Capacidade para o trabalho e saúde dos vigilantes de uma Universidade pública / Capacidad para el trabajo y salud de los guardias de una Universidad pública: un estudio transversal

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the work ability and health status of security guards at a public University. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried with 119 security guards. The following instruments were used: Work Ability Index (WAI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), and Demand-Control-Support (DCS). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study samples and the Spearman's coefficient correlation was performed to assess the WAI. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: samples were composed by men; the mean age was 54.9 years (SD=5.7); 80% had partners, and 75% had basic education. The majority (95%) had only one job, the average length of service was 24.8 years (SD=11), ranging from 3 to 43 years. 88.9% worked ≤40 hours and 75% did not work at night shift or rotating shifts. The average score given to work ability was good (40.7 points), with significant correlation to social support at work (p-value=0.002), health conditions (p-value=0.094), and depression symptoms (p-value=0.054). Conclusion: this study showed that many characteristics might affect the work ability scores. Considering the results, we note that healthy life habits and a reorganization of work environments should be encouraged.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade para o trabalho e o estado de saúde dos vigilantes de uma Universidade pública. Métodos: foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico com 119 vigilantes. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), Questionário sobre a Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-9), Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ curto), Teste de Identificação dos Transtornos Devido ao Uso de Álcool (AUDIT), Escala de Apoio Social utilizada no Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) e Demanda-Controle-Apoio Social no Trabalho (DCS). Foi utilizada estatística descritiva para descrever a amostra do estudo e utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para avaliar o ICT. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por homens: media de idade de 54,9 anos (DP=5,7); 80% casados e 75% tem ensino fundamental. A maioria (95%) tem apenas um emprego, a méd dia do tempo de servicçoe foi de 24,8 anos (DP=11), variando de 3 a 43 anos. 88,9% trabalhavam ≤ 40 horas e 75% não trabalhavam à noite ou em turnos alternantes. O valor médio da capacidade para o trabalho foi bom (40,7 pontos), com associação significativa com apoio social no trabalho (p= 0,002), condições de saúde (p=0,094) e sinais e sintomas de depressão (p=0.054). Conclusão: esse estudo mostrou que muitas características podem afetar a capacidade para o trabalho. Considerando os resultados, pode-se notar que hábitos de vida saudáveis e a reorganização do ambiente de trabalho devem ser estimulados.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad para el trabajo y el estado de salud de los guardias de seguridad de una Universidad Pública. Métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico llevado a cabo con 119 guardias de seguridad. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Índice de Capacidad para el Trabajo (ICT), Cuestionario de salud del paciente (PHQ-9), Cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ corto), Test de identificación de disturbios en el uso de alcohol (AUDIT), Estudio de resultados médicos (MOS), y Demanda-Control-Apoyo (DCS). Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para describir las muestras en estudio y se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para evaluar el ICT. El nivel de significancia fue establecido al 5%. Resultados: las muestras estaban compuestas por hombres, de edad promedio 54.9 años (DE=5.7); el 80% tenia pareja y un 75% tenía educación básica. La mayoría (95%) solamente tenía un trabajo y el promedio de tiempo de servicio era de 24.8 años (DE=11) en un rango entre 3 y 43 años. El 88.9% trabajaban ≤40 horas y el 75% no trabajaban en horarios nocturnos o rotativos. El promedio de puntuación alcanzado en capacidad para el trabajo fue bueno (40.7 puntos), con una correlación significativa en relación al soporte social en el trabajo (valor de p=0.002), condiciones de salud (p=0.094) y síntomas de depresión (p=0.054). Conclusión: este estudio mostró que muchas características afectan la puntuación de capacidad para el trabajo. Considerando los resultados, notamos que se deben promover los hábitos de vida saludable y una reorganización de los ambientes de trabajo.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação para uso no Brasil do instrumento de instabilidade no trabalho Nurse-Work Instability Scale" / Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument "Nurse-Work Instability Scale" to be used in Brazil

Os trabalhadores de enfermagem são acometidos por distúrbios osteomusculares, que, associados a diminuição da capacidade de trabalho e aumento do estresse, podem levar ao afastamento de suas atividades. Uma estratégia para reversão desse quadro é a condução de intervenções baseado na Nurse-Work Instability Scale (WIS), sendo disponível apenas na língua inglesa e alemã. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar para o português falado no Brasil o "NurseWIS" para profissionais de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, com abordagem quantitativa, composto por tradução, síntese, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas, analise semântica, pré-teste e análise das propriedades psicométricas pela teoria clássica e de resposta ao item. Participaram 262 profissionais de enfermagem de dois hospitais públicos da cidade de Manaus-AM. Foram aplicados o Nurse-WIS para o português falado no Brasil, o índice de capacidade para o trabalho (ICT) e Job Stress Scale (JSS). Os testes psicométricos aplicados foram a confiabilidade (consistência interna, teste-reteste, índice de separação de pessoas), validade de face e conteúdo e estrutural para o modelo de Rasch. O ICT e o JSS deram subsídios para análise da validade de constructo. Dentre os resultados destaca-se maior concentração de técnicos de enfermagem do sexo feminino, casados e com idade média de 42 anos. O ICT obtido foi de 37,3 e 56% dos trabalhadores foram classificados no perfil de estresse nocivo à saúde. O ICT apresentou correlação inversamente proporcional para estresse (r=-0,159, P=0,02) e demanda (r=-0,149, P=0,02) e diretamente proporcional para apoio social (r=0,285, P<0,001). O estresse apresentou associação com as categorias profissionais (P<0,001) e correlação inversamente proporcional para apoio social (r=-0,34, P<0,001). O instrumento mostrou bons indicadores de confiabilidade (KR-20=0,821; índice de correlação intraclasse (ICC) de 0,99; índice de separação de pessoa=0,860). A validade de face e conteúdo foi alcançada por meio da participação de 5 especialistas e 48 profissionais de enfermagem. A validade estrutural foi obtida pela adequação aos principais pressupostos do modelo de Rasch (ausência de função diferencial do item; dependência local e unidimensionalidade (P>0,05)), e a Area Under Curve ROC (AUC) de 0,865 reforçou a qualidade da estimativa para modelo de Rasch. A validade de constructo foi obtida por meio da confirmação de duas hipóteses: o aumento do ICT é acompanhado da diminuição da instabilidade (r=-0,512, P<0,001) e o aumento do nível de estresse é acompanhado pelo aumento da instabilidade (r=0,350, P<0,0001). O apoio social se mostrou inversamente proporcional à instabilidade (r=-0,410, P <0,0001). Assim, o processo de validação revelou bons indicadores de confiabilidade, validade de face e conteúdo, estrutural e constructo. As características sociodemográficas e ocupacionais foram semelhantes a estudos científicos da temática enfermagem e distúrbios osteomusculares. A utilização da abordagem clássica e da teoria de resposta ao item adaptou e validou o instrumento em sua conformação estrutural e geral. Ainda, destaca-se a importância de estudos de intervenção organizacional e ergonômico, nos indicadores de capacidade para o trabalho, estresse e instabilidade no trabalho de profissionais de enfermagem com distúrbios osteomusculares

Nursing workers present musculoskeletal disorders, which is associated with decreased work ability and increased stress, causing them to leave their work activities. One strategy to revert this scenario is to conduct an intervention based on the Nurse-Work Instability Scale (WIS), which is available in English and German languages. The objective of this study was to translate to the Portuguese spoken in Brazil, adapt culturally and validate the "Nurse-WIS" for nursing professionals. This is a methodological and quantitative study that included translation, synthesis, back translation, specialist committee, semantics analysis, pretest, and psychometric properties analysis using the classical and the item response theories. 232 nursing professionals from two public hospitals of the city of Manaus participated in the study. The Brazilian's Portuguese Nurse-WIS, the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Job Stress Scale (JSS) were evaluated. The psychometric tests evaluated were reliability, internal consistency, test-retest, person separation index, face and content validity and structural validity for the Rasch's model. The WAI and the JSS provided data to the construct validity analysis. It was distinguished, in the results, a greater concentration of nurse technicians, female, married, with mean age of 42 years. The evaluated ICT showed 37,3 and 56% of workers classified as having a profile of stress harmful to health. The WAI showed inverse proportional correlation with stress (r=-0,159, P=0,02) and demand (r=-0,149, P=0,02) and direct proportional correlation to social support (r=0,285, P<0,001). The stress demonstrated association with professional categories (P<0,001) and inverse proportional correlation with social support (r=-0,34, P<0,001). The instrument showed good indicators for reliability (KR-20=0,821; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0,99; person separation index=0,860). The face and content validity was achieved with the participation of 5 specialists and 48 nursing professionals. The structural validity was accomplished performing adjustments to the main prerequisites of the Rasch's model (no differential item functioning; local dependence and unidimensionality (P>0,05)), and the Area Under Curve ROC (AUC) of 0,865 reinforced the quality of the estimation to the Rasch's model. The construct validity was obtained by the confirmation of two hypothesis: the WAI increase is accompanied with the decrease of the instability (r=-0,512, P<0,001) and the increase of the stress level is accompanied with the increase of the instability (r=0,350, P<0,0001). The social support was proportionally inverse to instability (r=-0,410, P <0,0001). Therefore, the validation process revealed good indicators of reliability, face and content, structural and construct validity. The social demographic and occupational characteristics were similar to the scientific studies related to nursing and musculoskeletal disorders. The classical approach and the item response theory were utilized to adapt and validate the instrument in its structural and general conformation. In addition, it was highlighted the importance of organizational and ergonomic intervention studies for the indicators of work ability, stress and work instability in nursing professionals with musculoskeletal disorders

Effects of Work-Related Stress on Work Ability Index among Iranian Workers

BACKGROUND: Work Ability Index (WAI) is a well-known and valid self-report tool that has been widely used in various studies to identify and avoid early retirement and work-related disability. Nevertheless, very few studies have been carried out to evaluate work ability in Iran. We aimed to investigate the WAI and the effect of work-related stress on it among Iranian workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study was carried out among 449 workers from five working sectors in three big cities of Iran. Work ability and work-related stress were measured using the Persian version of WAI and the Persian version of Health and Safety Executive Stress Indicator Tool. RESULTS: More than a third of the workers surveyed (34.70%) did not have an appropriate level of work ability (WAI < 37). There was a significant correlation between subscales of work-related stress and the mean score of WAI. Furthermore, the variables of body mass index, sleep quality, exercise activity, job tenure, and three subscales of work-related stress including demands, supervisor support, and role were significant predictors of WAI. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the interventional programs must be focused on improving supervisors support, eliminating ambiguity and conflicts in the role of workers in their job and organization, reducing job demands, improving sleep quality, and increasing exercise activity.

Health care strategy for ensuring work ability in an aging Korea

The rapid aging trend in South Korea will cause a growing shortage of labor and decreasing quality of the labor force. The purpose of this commentary is to recommend a health care strategy to maintain and promote the work ability of employees in an aging Korea. Strategies to promote the work ability require the collaboration of governmental agencies at the central and local levels. First, the common goal should be the reinforcement of follow-up measure in general medical examinations and the promotion of healthy lifestyles for workers. Second, collaborating activities should be performed among the Worker’s Health Center, the Health Promotion Center, and community health centers. In conclusion, health care strategies for ensuring the work ability in an aging Korea require the collaboration of governmental agencies at the central and local levels.