Clinical study on the improvement of intestinal comfort in children after eating yoghurt containing two kinds of Bifidobacteria / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To observe the role of yogurt containing 2 type of Bifidobacterias in improving the intestinal comfort in children. Methods:A 4-week, single-arm, non-randomized study was conducted from October 23, 2021 to November 21, 2021, in which, healthy children aged 3-6 years in real life were provided with commercially available children′s yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacteriumlactis BL-99 and Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496.The questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms in children and the Patient-Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) index were used to evaluate the intestinal comfort and skin sensitivity changes at baseline, week 1, week 2, and week 4, respectively. Kruskal- Wallis rank sum test was used for comparison at different time points. Results:A total of 39 children, involving 20 boys and 19 girls with the median age of 5.0 years completed the study.There were significant differences in intestinal comfort score and PO-SCORAD scores, distribution of stool consistency and night awakening frequency at different time points (baseline, week 1, week 2 and week 4) (all P<0.05). The total score of intestinal comfort at week 2 and 4 was 12.0 (10.0, 13.0) points and 10.0 (9.0, 10.0) points, which was significantly lower than that at baseline[17.0 (15.0, 21.0) points, P<0.05]. The total score of intestinal comfort at week 4 was significantly lower than that at week 1[13.0 (11.0, 15.0)points] and week 2 (all P<0.05). At week 4, all children had an ideal stool consistency (type 3-4). At week 4, 33 (84.6%) of the children woke up 0 times, and 6 (15.4%) of the children woke up once or twice.The PO-SCORAD scores at week 1, 2 and 4 were 10.2 (6.5, 14.7) points, 8.2 (5.5, 14.2) points and 5.5 (4.5, 9.0) points, respectively, which were all significantly lower than that at baseline[18.3 (11.6, 25.3) points, all P<0.05]. The total PO-SCORAD score at week 4 was significantly lower than that at week 1 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:After eating yoghurt supplemented with Bifidobacteriumlactis BL-99 and Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496 for 4 weeks, the children′s intestinal comfort and stool consistency, night awakening and skin sensitivity are improved.

Milky Stage Versus Dough Stage of Immature Wheat Grain: Effects on Phytic Acid and Fructan Contents, Antioxidant Activity, Textural Parameters, and Sensory Characteristics of Set-Type Yoghurts

HIGHLIGHTS Yoghurts were supplemented with milky and dough stage wheat grain flours. Total antioxidant capacity was improved by wheat grain flour supplementation. Milky stage wheat provided higher fructan content than that of dough stage wheat. Fermentation reduced phytic acid levels in yoghurts containing wheat grain flours.

Abstract Experimental design was performed by using immature wheat grain (IWG) harvested in two different maturation stages for set-type yoghurt production. IWG was harvested at milky (20 days after anthesis) and dough (30 days after anthesis) stages and was milled. Yoghurt samples were supplemented with milky stage grain flour (MSGF) and dough stage grain flour (DSGF) at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations except for control. All treatments were evaluated with respect to physicochemical, antioxidative, microbiological, textural, and sensorial aspects throughout the 28 days of storage. Phytic acid content of all samples diminished depending on increasing pH values over the storage while it was found higher in MSGF fortified yoghurts. The highest fructan content was determined in yoghurt fortified with 3% MSGF. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of yoghurts were improved with IWG fortification. MSGF showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to DSGF. On the other hand, DSGF addition presented better water holding capacity in comparison with MSGF. Likewise, DSGF provided higher firmness and consistency values. Firmness was enhanced with IWG supplementation by reducing syneresis except 1% MSGF added samples. The addition of IWG was found to slightly increase the growth of yoghurt bacteria. Both DSGF and MSGF had adverse effect on the sensory characteristics of yoghurts with their increasing concentrations. Based on the results of this study, to obtain better textural properties and higher antioxidant activity, IWG in different ripening stages can be tried with half combinations (total 3%) in yoghurt. Also, sensorial properties can be improved by flavoring agents.

Evaluación oxidativa, microbiológica, sensorial y perfil de ácidos grasos de un yogur con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) extraído de aceite de microalgas / Oxidative, sensory and fatty acid profile evaluation of a yogurt with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) extracted from microalgae oil

RESUMEN Las necesidades de ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), se incrementan en la mujer gestante para el desarrollo visual y neurológico del feto y el lactante. En este trabajo, se desarrolló y se evaluó un yogur adicionado con aceite de microalgas, que contribuyera a la recomendación dietaria de DHA en mujeres gestantes y lactantes. Se diseñaron tres formulaciones de yogur con 0,075; 0,125 y 0,175% de aceite de microalga y se compararon con una muestra control. Se evaluaron propiedades fisicoquímicas, sensoriales, microbiológicas, perfil de ácidos grasos, potencial antioxidante (ABTS, fenoles totales) y peroxidación lipídica (sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico [TBARS]). Los yogures adicionados con el aceite de microalga cubrieron en 30, 45 y 63% las recomendaciones de DHA para mujeres gestantes y lactantes por porción (200 mL). Se observó estabilidad del ácido graso, excepto en la muestra de mayor adición del aceite. La muestra con adición de 0,125% de aceite de microalga fue la de mejor calificación por el panel sensorial. Todas las muestras cumplieron con el estándar microbiológico y fisicoquímico para un yogur entero adicionado con dulce. Se observó potencial antioxidante promisorio en el yogur, capaz de proteger el DHA. Se concluye que las bebidas lácteas como el yogur son matrices adecuadas para la adición de aceite de microalga con la finalidad de aumentar el DHA en la dieta, especialmente en etapas en que las necesidades de este componente son más altas, como en periodo de gestación y lactancia.

ABSTRACT The needs for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are increased during pregnancy for the visual and neurological development of the fetus and the breastfed infant. In this study, a yogurt with microalgae oil added to contribute to the dietary recommendation of DHA in pregnant and breastfeeding women was developed and evaluated. Three yogurt formulations were designed with 0.075; 0.125 and 0.175 microalgae oil percentage and compared with a control sample. Fatty acid profile, antioxidant potential (ABTS, total phenols), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbitrical acid reactive substances [TBARS]), physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological properties were evaluated. Yogurts with microalgae oil added covered 30, 45 and 63% of DHA recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women per portion (200 mL). Fat acid stability was observed, except in the one with the greatest oil addition. The sample with 0.125% of microalgae oil added was rated the highest by the sensory panel. All samples met the microbiological and physicochemical standard for a whole yogurt added with sugar. Promising antioxidant potential capable of protecting DHA was observed in the yogurt. We conclude that dairy drinks such as yogurt are suitable matrices for adding microalgae oil in order to increase DHA in the diet, especially in stages where the needs of this component are higher as is the case during pregnancy and lactation periods.

Chia Seed Mucilage Versus Guar Gum: Effects on Microstructural, Textural, and Antioxidative Properties of Set-Type Yoghurts

Abstract Texture is an important parameter which influences on the quality and acceptability of yoghurts. The utilize of stabilizers in yoghurt manufacturing has become a prevalent application to improve the textural properties of yoghurts. In this context, guar gum obtained from Cyamopsis tetragonolobus is generally used as a natural stabilizer for its thickening and gelling properties. Accordingly, this study evaluated the use of chia seed mucilage as an alternative to guar gum to improve the textural properties of yoghurt. This study focused on the effect of using chia seed mucilage (CSM) and guar gum (GG) at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations on the textural and microstructural characteristics of yoghurts. The results of fortifications with CSM and GG on the physicochemical, sensory, and antioxidative properties of yoghurts were also evaluated. Compared to GG, CSM provided higher antioxidant activity which improved with increasing concentrations of CSM. An enhancement was observed in textural properties of yoghurts containing CSM and GG, but CSM concentrations up to 2% gave better effect on firmness. Besides, the microstructure of yoghurt was enhanced depending on the increase in CSM and GG amounts. No negative effect was determined on the sensory properties of the samples by CSM and GG additions. The results showed that CSM can be used in set-type yoghurt production as an alternative stabilizer by improving firmness and consistency and reducing syneresis. Furthermore, its use is suitable for industrial yoghurt production with regards to sensorial properties.

Determination of changes during storage in chemical and microbial compositions of yoghurts made from buffalo milk and buffalo and cow milk mixtures

This study was aimed to determine and compare the chemical and microbiological properties of yoghurts made from different types of milk and their mixtures (35%, 65%, and 100%) during their storage at 4 °C for 28 days. For this purpose, chemical and microbiological properties of yoghurts during storage at 4 °C for 28 days were investigated. The total amount of dry matter, fat, pH and protein of yoghurt made from the buffalo and cow milk mixtures was significantly higher than that of pure buffalo milk (P<0.01). Also, storage time has led to significant differences in these components. Considering the results of microbiological analysis, a significant (P<0.01) difference was found between yoghurt samples in terms of total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactobacilli, lactococcus and yeast and mould. Hence, it is concluded that the addition of buffalo milk to that of cow improves the composition of yoghurt made from cow milk, which indicated the possibilities of processing and marketing of both types of milk especially because the health benefits of cow milk and the fermented products are well documented(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y comparar las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas de los yogures hechos con diferentes tipos de leche y sus mezclas (35%, 65% y 100%) durante su almacenamiento a 4° C por 28 días. La cantidad total de materia seca, grasa, pH y proteínas del yogur hecho con las mezclas de leche de búfala y vaca fue significativamente mayor que la de la leche de búfala pura (P <0.01). Además, el tiempo de almacenamiento generó diferencias significativas en estos componentes. De acuerdo con los resultados del análisis microbiológico, se encontró una diferencia significativa (P<0.01) entre las muestras de yogur en términos de bacterias mesófilas aerobias totales, lactobacilos, lactococcus y recuentos totales de levadura y mohos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la adición de leche de búfala a la de vaca mejora la composición del yogur hecho de leche de vaca, lo que indica las posibilidades de procesamiento y comercialización de ambos tipos de leche, especialmente porque los beneficios para la salud de la leche de vaca y de los productos fermentados están bien documentados(AU)

Effect of Different Essential Oils on the Shelf Life of Concentrated Yogurt

Aims: The objective of this study is to use different essential oils (cinnamon, clove, rosemary, almond sweet, sesame, wheat germ, and cedar wood) in concentrated yoghurt as antimicrobial agents to increase shelf life of concentrated yoghurt. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Palestine, between January 2015 to August 2016. Methodology: Essential oils were added to concentrated yogurt at a concentration of 250 μl\kg. Antibacterial activity and properties of major borne bacteria such as total aerobic count bacteria, yeast, mold, Staphylococcus aureus, were evaluated by plate count method, (pouring plate method). All yogurt samples were sensory evaluated for flavor, body and texture, and appearance. Total solid content, and titratable acidity of different yogurt samples were also determined. Results: Total solids and pH of concentrated yogurt samples treated with essential oils were only slightly affected. The best three essential oils used in terms of influence on total bacterial viable count and mold count were found to be cinnamon, clove and rosemary. The most acceptable organoleptic properties of treated concentrated yogurt were those samples treated with sesame and rosemary oils. Conclusion: The addition of cinnamon, clove and rosemary essential oils could increase the shelf life of concentrated yogurt.

Increasing yoghurt daily production with modeling and simulation process / Aumento da produção diária de iogurte com modelagem e simulação de processos

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to use the modeling and computer simulation to support decision makers, aiming to increase the productive capacity of the agro-industry of LaticínioFunarbe. Specifically, it has modeled the current yoghurt production sector for simulation that enables it to meet the new demand. The Arena 14.7 simulation software was used to conduct the modeling. To validate the model, the output of yoghurt production collected at the factory for three months was compared with the output from the simulated computational model. Two indicators were established to perform analyzes of four different scenarios. The implemented model resulted in an increase in the production capacity of 5,000L.d-1 of yoghurt, corresponding to a production of yoghurts processed daily three times higher than the current production.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi usar a modelagem e a simulação computacional como ferramenta de suporte aos tomadores de decisão, visando a aumentar a produtividade da agroindústria Laticínio Funarbe. Especificamente, modelou o setor atual da produção de iogurte para elaboração de análises que possibilita atender à nova demanda. Para a modelagem utilizou-se o software de simulação Arena 14.7. Para a validação do modelo foram comparados os resultados de produção de iogurte coletados na fábrica durante três meses com os resultados simulados pelo modelo computacional. Foram estabelecidos dois indicadores para realizar análises de quatro cenários diferentes. Por meio do modelo implementado, obtivemos um aumento da capacidade produtiva de 5000L.d-1 de iogurte, que corresponde a uma produção de iogurtes processados, diariamente, três vezes maior do que a produção atual.

Fatty acids stability in goat yoghurt / Avaliação da estabilidade de ácidos graxos em iogurte de cabra

ABSTRACT: Evaluation of fatty acids (FAs) stability in dairy products undergoing technological milk processing is important for subsequent determinations of nutritional value. The aim of the study was to assess FA composition in milk and its dairy product and to explore differences in the FA profile found in yoghurt compared to raw material (goat milk). In the present study, a reduced proportion of volatile FAs (VFA) that cause "goat flavor" was reported in goat yoghurt in comparison to the FA profile of milk. Conversely, an increase of medium-chain as well as beneficial long-chain and unsaturated FAs (UFA) was reported in yoghurt compared with milk. In all cases, the differences in the FA composition between milk and yoghurt were not significant; therefore, it was found that manufacturing of yoghurt had no major influence on FA composition.

RESUMO: A avaliação da estabilidade de ácidos graxos (ags) em produtos lácteos submetidos ao processamento tecnológico de leite é importante para as determinações subsequentes do valor nutricional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a composição de fa no leite e seus produtos lácteos e explorar as diferenças no perfil de fa encontradas no iogurte em comparação com a matéria-prima (leite de cabra). No presente estudo, uma proporção reduzida de ácidos graxos voláteis (agv) que causam "sabor de cabra" foi encontrada no iogurte de cabra em comparação com o perfil de fa do leite. Por outro lado, um aumento de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa e não saturados de cadeia média e benéfica (ufa) foi encontrado no iogurte em comparação com o leite. Em todos os casos, as diferenças na composição de fa entre leite e iogurte não foram significativas. Portanto, verificou-se que a fabricação de iogurte não teve grande influência na composição da fa.

Development of Yoghurt from Combination of Goat and Cow Milk

This study describes the technology of yoghurt preparation from goat and cow milk in combination ratio of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. The formulation of yoghurt includes the mixture of goat and cow milk, pectin LM-106AS and YM-115-L, prebiotic lactitol and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus ferments. Goat milk is a rich source of vitamin A, containing up to 42.3% more than that of cow's milk. Vitamins of B group were not significantly different. In comparison to cow's milk, goat milk had more vitamin C and E. Combination of goat and cow milk improved the sensory parameters of taste, color and flavor.  The yoghurt prepared from the mixture of goat and cow milk in proportion of 30:70 contains 2.8% protein, 4.0% fat and 14.2% carbohydrate; satisfies the sensory properties and meet the requirements of standard specification for yoghurts.

Development and characterization of light yoghurt elaborated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12 and fructooligosaccharides / Desenvolvimento e caracterização de iogurte light elaborado com Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12 e fruto-oligossacarídeos

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding probiotic culture (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12) and prebiotics (fructooligosaccharide - FOS) to yoghurt formulations stored at 4°C for 28 days, using an experimental design (independent variables: (0-3% of FOS and probiotic starter cultures 0-3%). The pH, acidity, fat, syneresis, protein, ºBrix, sugars, FOS and probiotic bacteria count were analyzed. The probiotic- and prebiotic-added yoghurt formulations showed lower acidity, syneresis and glucose than the control yoghurt and compared to formulations containing probiotic and prebiotic separately. The 3% probiotic and prebiotic formulation showed a lower loss of concentration of FOS, and after 28 days presented 1.5g of FOS per 100g (0.3% kestose, 0.7% nystose, 0.5% fructosyl-nystose). Furthermore, the addition of prebiotics exerted a protective effect on probiotic bacteria, enhancing their survival.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adição de cultura probiótica (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis Bb-12) e prebióticos (fructooligosacarídeo - FOS) a formulações de iogurte armazenadas a 4°C por 28 dias, utilizando um planejamento experimental (variáveis independentes: (0-3% de FOS e cultura probiótica starter 0-3%). Foram analisados pH, acidez, gordura, sinérese, proteína, ºBrix, açúcares, FOS e contagem de bactérias probióticas. As formulações de iogurte adicionado de probiótico e prebiótico apresentaram menor acidez, sinérese e glicose quando comparados ao iogurte controle e também em comparação com as formulações contendo probiótico e prebiótico sozinhas. A formulação com 3% de probiótico e prebiótico apresentou menor perda de concentração de FOS e, após 28 dias, apresentou 1,5g de FOS por 100g (0,3% de kestose, 0,7% de nystose , 0,5% de fructosil-nistose). Além disso, a adição de prebióticos exerceu um efeito protetor sobre as bactérias probióticas e aumentou a sua sobrevivência.

In-vitro bio-availability of iron from iron fortified cow milk-oat milk blended yoghurt.

Yoghurt is a dairy product obtained by fermentation of milk using starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Application of dietary fibre and iron salt fortification in the manufacture of yoghurt enhances its nutritive and therapeutic value. Oat (Avena sativa) is a cereal that contains soluble fibre β – glucan renders several health benefits. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to develop iron salt fortified, cow milk and oat milk blended yoghurt and in-vitro bioavailability of the iron from the yoghurt was explored. The optimization of oat milk tried at different levels and was accepted at 20 % level and fortification of cow milk – oat milk blended yoghurt with ferrous sulphate fortified at different levels and was accepted at 10mg. Experimental yoghurt samples tested for sensory, chemical parameters, microbiological test and in-vitro bio-availability. The yoghurt samples showed (12%) of iron was maximum bio-availability from yoghurt fortified with ferrous sulphate followed by control and cow milk-oat milk blended yoghurt showed 10.2% and 8.52% respectively. The bio-availability of iron was reduced due to interfere of dietary fibre in yoghurt.

Bioavailability of Ca, P and Zn and Bone Mineralization in Rats Fed Yoghurt and Soy-yoghurt Containing Bifidobacteria.

Bioavailability of calcium, phosphorus and Zinc from probiotic dairy foods and other food sources has been an important issue of studies over recent years. The aim of the present study was designed to asses and to compare therapeutic effect of milk yoghurt and soy yoghurt containing bifidobacteria with regards to their effect on the bioavailability of Ca, P and Zn and bone mineralization in rats. Eight groups of rats were fed basal diet, cow milk, probiotic-free or probiotic-containing milk yoghurts (Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or Bifidobacterium longum Bb-46), soymilk and soy-yoghurts containing only the above mentioned probiotics for 45 days. Upon feeding probiotic-containing milk and soymilk yoghurts, rat's serum Ca and P content were about two fold that of control and surprisingly the rat's serum Zn content was about 19-21 fold that of control. The increment of apparent absorption % as compared with control was ranged between 24.7–26.6, 24–38 and 51-70% for Ca, P and Zn, respectively. The above mentioned results clearly demonstrate the enhancement of Ca, P and Zn bioavailability when probiotic diets were fed. A significant increase (n=6;p<0.05) was observed in ash content and breaking force of femur of rats fed probiotic milk-and soyyoghurts. Moreover probiotic milk yoghurts were much better than soy-yoghurts fermented by Bifidobacteria in enhancing bioavailability of Ca, P and Zn as well as bone mineralization. These results suggest that intake of probiotic milk-and soy- yoghurts may be useful in enhancing mineral bioavailability and bone properties.

Microbiological Evaluation of Soy Fortified Shrikhand by Using Response Surface Methodology.

Soy fortified shrikhand samples were prepared with various levels of soymilk, cane sugar and yoghurt culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the ratio of 1:1) examined for selective enumeration of health beneficial microorganisms. The present investigation was carried out to optimize the process for manufacturing of soy fortified shrikhand by its response with employing the 3-factor Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The formulated soy fortified shrikhand with 45.0% soymilk, 30.0% cane sugar and 3.0% yoghurt culture was found highly suitable (P<0.05) for obtaining the maximum viable count of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus whereas the desirability index was 0.985.

Viability of probiotic Lactobacillus casei in yoghurt: defining the best processing step to its addition / Viabilidade de Lactobacillus casei probiótico em iogurte natural: definição da melhor etapa de processamento para sua adição

Probiotics are live microorganisms capable of producing beneficial effects on its host when consumed in adequate amounts. To exert these effects, foods must contain probiotic microorganisms in populations above 106 CFU / g or mL throughout its shelf life. One of the strategies to ensure high population of probiotics in fermented milk is to add them during or after the fermentation process separately from the starter cultures. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of the probiotic microorganism Lactobacillus casei added to yoghurt in different stages of production. Yoghurts with L. casei were produced at different stages: before addition of starter (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), added together with this culture and at the end of fermentation. Yoghurt without probiotic added was produced as a control. The products were stored at 4 °C and analyzed after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage. In these periods, the populations of probiotic and starter cultures were enumerated and the parameters pH and acidity were analyzed. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance and Tukey's test, both at 5% significance level. L. casei remained viable in populations of more than 108 CFU / g during 21 days of storage, which is suitable to define the formulations as probiotics. When the different stages of the addition of probiotics in yoghurts were evaluated there was no statistical difference between the formulations (p<0.05) for populations of L. casei except for the first day of storage.

Probióticos são microrganismos capazes de produzir efeitos benéficos sobre seu hospedeiro, quando consumidos vivos e em quantidades adequadas. Para que exerçam esses efeitos, os alimentos probióticos devem conter tais microrganismos em populações acima de 106 UFC/g ou mL, durante toda sua validade. Uma das estratégias para garantir a alta população dos probióticos em leites fermentados é adicioná-los durante ou após o processo de fermentação separadamente das culturas starter. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o comportamento do microrganismo probiótico Lactobacillus casei adicionado em iogurte natural, em diferentes etapas do processo de produção. Foram produzidos iogurtes com adição de L. casei em diferentes etapas: antes da suplementação com o starter (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), juntamente com essa cultura e após o término da fermentação. Além disso, um iogurte controle (sem probiótico) foi produzido. Os produtos foram estocados a 4°C e analisados após 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento. Nesses períodos, foram enumeradas as populações das culturas probiótica e starter e avaliados os parâmetros físico-químicos (pH e acidez). Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados através de análise de variância e teste de Tukey, ambos ao nível de 5% de significância.L. casei mantevese viável e em populações superiores a 108 UFC/g durante os 21 dias de armazenamento, suficientes para que as formulações fossem definidas como probióticas. Quando as diferentes etapas de adição do probiótico aos iogurtes foram avaliadas, com exceção do 1º dia, não houve diferença estatística entre as formulações (p<0,05) para as populações de L. casei.

Aislamiento e identificación de cepas del género Bifidobacterium presentes en productos lácteos fermentados tipo yogur / Isolation and identification of strains belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus found in fermented yoghurt type milk products

La identificación de microorganismos probióticos del género Bifidobacterium es de gran importancia por su uso como suplemento que favorece la salud del consumidor. En Venezuela son pocos los estudios sobre caracterización microbiológica de estas bacterias y no existen métodos oficiales para su estudio en alimentos. Esta investigación reporta la estandarización de técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares para el aislamiento e identificación de bifidobacterias aisladas de dos productos tipo yogur, I con probiótico y II sin probiótico. Se analizaron 10 muestras de cada yogur, una por semana, aislando 3 colonias por muestra. Los resultados mostraron que de los 60 aislados analizados, 27 colonias del Yogur I y 11 del Yogur II concordaron con las características de bifidobacterias. Se comparó el crecimiento bacteriano en dos medios de cultivo (MRS-m, RCA), sembrando por profundidad en placas y en tubos Miller-Pricket, obteniéndose mejores resultados con el medio MRS-m y las siembras por profundidad en tubos. De las extracciones de ADN se obtuvieron los patrones de ERIC-PCR y REP-PCR, determinándose que 34 aislados eran clones indistinguibles, mostrando el patrón de B. lactis utilizado como control positivo. Esta metodología puede ser utilizada por la industria y los entes encargados del control de la calidad de los productos probióticos.

The identification of probiotic microorganisms belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus is very important due to their use as supplements favorable for consumer’s health. In Venezuela there have been few studies of the microbiological characterization of these bacteria and there are no official methods for their study in food. This investigation reports the standardization of microbiological and molecular techniques for the isolation and identification of bifidobacteria isolated from two yoghurt type products: I with probiotic and II without probiotic. Ten samples from each yoghurt type product were analyzed, one per week, and 3 colonies were isolated per sample. Results showed that of the 60 isolates analyzed, 27 colonies of Yoghurt I and 11 of Yoghurt II coincided with the characteristics of bifidobacteria. Bacterial growth was compared in two culture media (MRS-m, RCA), inoculating in-depth in plates and Miller-Pricket tubes; the best results were obtained with MRS-m medium and in-depth inoculations in tubes. By DNA extraction we obtained ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR patterns, determining that 34 isolates were indistinguishable clones, showing the same pattern of the B. lactis used as positive control. This methodology can be used by the industry and the institutions in charge of quality control of probiotic products.

Desenvolvimento de iogurte probiótico com adição de polpa de frutos brasileiros e fibra dietética tota / Development of probiotic yoghurt with addition of Brazilian´s fruit pulp and total dietary fiber

Novas tendências para desenvolvimento de leites fermentados com elevado valor agregados são o uso de frutos da Amazônia e a utilização de subprodutos de certas frutas como forma de aproveitamento integral do fruto e para minimizar a produção de resíduos. Dentre os frutos da Amazônia o açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae) tem o maior potencial enquanto alguns subprodutos de frutos como as cascas de maçã, banana e maracujá são promissores como ingredientes especialmente devido ao seu conteúdo em fibras dietéticas solúveis prebióticas como pectina e frutooligossacarídeos, que conferem propriedades funcionais além das características nutricionais das frutas. Assim, esse trabalho visou o desenvolvimento de iogurte probiótico com adição de polpa de frutos brasileiros e fibra dietética total. Os efeitos da suplementação do leite com polpa de açaí e fibras de maçã, banana e maracujá e, diferentes bactérias probióticas - Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bl04 e B94 e Bifidobacterium longum Bl05 na cinética de acidificação, viabilidade dos probióticos, perfil de ácidos graxos, textura, reologia e microestrutura foram estudados. A polpa de açaí favoreceu uma maior contagem de L. acidophilus L10, B. animalis ssp. lactis Bl04 e B. longum Bl05 em relação aos respectivos controles ao final de quatro semanas de vida de prateleira. Além disso, em relação aos controles sem polpa, a polpa de açaí aumentou o conteúdo de ácidos graxos mono e poliinsaturados e a produção de ácido α-linolênico (ALA) e ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) em iogurtes desnatados co-fermentados com B. animalis ssp. lactis cepas Bl04 e B94. Todas as fibras foram capazes de aumentar a concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e poliinsaturados nos iogurtes, mas, apenas as fibras de maçã e banana aumentaram a viabilidade das bactérias probióticas durante a vida de prateleira em relação aos controles sem fibra. Foi observado um efeito sinérgico entre o tipo de...

New trends for development of fermented milk products with high added value are the use of fruits from Amazon, and the use of by-products of certain fruits as ingredients as a way to take full advantage of the fruit and to minimize the waste. Among the fruits of the Amazon, açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae) has the most potential, and byproducts of some fruits such as apple peels, banana and passion fruit as ingredients are especially promising because of its content in dietary fiber such as pectin and soluble prebiotic fructooligosaccharides, which confer functional properties in addition to the nutritional characteristics of fruits. Thus, this study aimed the development of probiotic yoghurt with added fruit pulp from Brazil and total dietary fiber. The effects of supplementation of milk with acai pulp fiber and apple, banana and passion fruit, and different probiotic bacteria - Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Bl04 lactis and Bifidobacterium longum B94 and Bl05 on the kinetics of acidification and viability of probiotics, fatty acid profile, texture, rheology and microstructure were studied. The açaí favored a higher count of L. acidophilus L10, B. animalis ssp. and B. lactis Bl04 Bl05 longum compared with their controls after four weeks of shelf life. Moreover, compared to controls without pulp, the pulp of acai increased the content of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the production of α- linolenic acid (ALA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in nonfat yogurt co-fermented with B. animalis ssp. lactis strains Bl04 and B94. All fibers were able to increase the concentration of short chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fats in yogurt, but only the apple and banana fibers increased the viability of probiotic bacteria during shelf life compared to controls without fiber. We observed a synergistic effect between the type of fiber and probiotic on the CLA content. On the other hand, the amount of ALA was...

Avaliação dos itens obrigatórios na rotulagem nutricional de produtos lácteos fermentados / Evaluation of mandatory nutritional information on labels of fermented dairy products available at the market

O objetivo deste estudo foi de comparar as informações e os valores descritos nos rótulos de produtos lácteos fermentados com aqueles exigidos pela legislação em vigor, assim como de efetuar considerações sobre o comprometimento da informação nutricional da forma como recomendada pela Resolução RDC n°360/03 ANVISA/MS. Foram analisados 114 rótulos de iogurte e 28 rótulos de bebida láctea fermentada de diferentes sabores e composições nutricionais, de 10 marcas e/ou fabricantes de iogurte e de sete marcas de bebida láctea fermentada. As amostras foram adquiridas na qualidade de consumidor, durante o período de julho a dezembro de 2007, em supermercados da cidade de Uberlândia-MG. Os produtos foram analisados quanto aos princípios gerais de rotulagem, apresentação da informação nutricional e dos dados básicos obrigatórios no rótulo de produto alimentício. A maioria dos rótulos dos produtos analisados estava em desacordo com a legislação vigente; 97,4% dos rótulos de iogurte e 100% de rótulos de bebida láctea fermentada estavam incompletos, com omissão de alguns constituintes ou erroneamente especificados. Em virtude das informações obrigatórias exigidas pela legislação vigente, é questionável o compromisso das indústrias de alimentos na apresentação dos dados quanto aos constituintes nutricionais, uma vez que os rótulos das amostras analisadas não foram apresentados conforme os dispostos pela Resolução RDC n° 360/03.

The present study aims at comparing the nutritional contents and their values indicated on the labelsof fermented dairy products with those required by the legislation in force. Considerations on the foodindustries commitment related to the nutritional information as ruled by Resolution RDC #360/03 ANVISA/MS were deliberated. One hundred-fourteen yoghurt labels and 28 labels of fermented dairy beverageswith different flavors and compositions from 10 yoghurt brands and/or manufacturers and seven brands of fermented dairy beverages could be analyzed. The samples were purchased as customers, from July toDecember 2007, in supermarkets at the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The analyses of labels onthe products samples consisted of assessing the general features of labeling, the nutritional informationdisplay, and the compulsory basic contents on the food labels. Most of the analyzed food labels did not comply with the specific legislation in force, thereby, 97.4% of yoghurt labels and 100% of labels on fermented dairy beverage showed lack of basic information, by either omitting some constituents from the list or erroneously specifying the required components or characteristics. In view of the mandatory information required by the legislation in force, The food industries commitment as per the nutritional informationis questionable since the present investigation showed that the analyzed food labels did not comply with those ruled by Resolution RDC #360/03.

Evaluation of culture media for counts of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb 12in yoghurt after refrigerated storage / Avaliação de meios de cultura para contagem de Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb 12em iogurte após a estocagem refrigerada

The agar RCPB pH5 has been considered a good alternative for counts of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt. However, during the refrigerated storage of yoghurt it is extremely difficult to count this microorganism due to the size of the colonies, which are so small they require the aid of a stereoscope to count them. Another agar, MRS-LP, has been also recommended for counts of Bifidobacterium in the presence of yoghurt bacteria. This study evaluated the supplementation of RCPB pH5 agar with dehydrated liver extract and the salts KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO(4)7H2O, MnSO4H2O and MgSO(4)7H2O, aiming at improving the differentiation of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt after refrigerated storage, and also evaluated the selective count of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt using the agar MRS-LP. The agar MRS-LP presented the same cell recovery as non-fortified RCPB pH5 agar, used as a standard medium, thus being considered a good option for counts of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt. The fortified RCPB pH5 also presented the same recovery as the standard RCPB pH5 medium, however, the addition of dehydrated liver extract to the RCPB pH5 agar considerably increased the size of the Bifidobacterium colonies after refrigerated storage, making differentiation of the colonies much easier and reliable when compared to the standard non-fortified RPCP pH5. The addition of the salts (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO(4)7H2O, MnSO4H2O and MgSO(4)7H2O) had no influence on the performance of the RCPB pH5 agar.

O meio RCPB pH5 tem sido considerado uma boa opção para a contagem de Bifidobacterium em iogurte. Entretanto, durante a estocagem refrigerada do iogurte é extremante difícil a contagem deste microrganismo devido ao pequeno diâmetro desenvolvido pelas colônias de Bifidobacterium neste meio, sendo que a sua contagem somente se torna possível com o auxílio de um estereoscópio. Outro meio, MRS-LP, também tem sido recomendado para a contagem de Bifidobaterium em iogurte. Este estudo avaliou a suplementação do meio RCPB pH5 com extrato de fígado desidratado e com os sais KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO(4)7H2O, MnSO4H2O e MgSO(4)7H2O, visando melhorar a diferenciação de Bifidobacterium em iogurte durante a estocagem refrigerada e também avaliou a contagem seletiva de Bifidobacterium em iogurte usando o meio MRS-LP. O meio MRS-LP apresentou a mesma recuperação de células que o meio RCPB pH5, usado como padrão, após 30 dias de estocagem refrigerada do iogurte, sendo considerado uma boa opção para a contagem de Bifidobacterium em iogurtes durante a estocagem refrigerada. O meio RCPB pH5 fortificado também apresentou a mesma recuperação de células de Bifidobacterium que o meio padrão RCPB pH5; entretanto, a adição de extrato de fígado desidratado aumentou consideravelmente o diâmetro das colônias de Bifidobacterium, tornando a diferenciação destas bastante fácil e confiável quando comparadas à sua diferenciação no meio RCPB pH5 sem a fortificação. A adição dos sais (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO(4)7H2O, MnSO4H2O e MgSO(4)7H2O) não exerceu influência no desempenho do meio RCPB pH5.

Determinação da composição físico-química de produtos lácteos: estudo exploratório de comparação dos resultados obtidos por metodologia oficial e por ultra-som / Determination of the physical-chemical composition of dairy products: exploratory study to compare the results obtained by classic methodology and by ultra-sound

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar os métodos oficiais de determinação físico-química de produtos lácteos (extrato seco desengordurado, proteína, gordura e densidade) com metodologia de ultra-som. Foram analisados diferentes leites (integral e desnatado, convencional e orgânico), leites fermentados comerciais, bases lácteas para leites fermentados e soro de queijo, totalizando vinte produtos lácteos de características diferentes. O método por ultra-som é rápido e os resultados obtidos correlacionam-se àqueles das análises oficiais. Entretanto, é necessário o emprego de um perfil específico através da calibração do equipamento com base nas informações das análises oficiais. Os resultados deste trabalho exploratório sugerem a necessidade de se realizar um estudo com grande número de amostras a fim de validar as conclusões obtidas. As evidências descritas neste artigo são importantes para a indústria brasileira de produtos lácteos.

The present paper aims to compare the official methods of physical-chemical determination of dairy products (defatted dry matter, protein, fat and density) with methodology using ultra-sound. Different products were analyzed: milks (integral and skimmed conventional and organic), commercial fermented milks and dairy milk bases prepared in laboratory and whey totalizing twenty dairy products of different characteristics. The method using ultra-sound is fast and the results are correlated with those of the official analyses. However, the operator of the equipment should be attentive to employ a specific profile of the equipment according to the analysis to be carried out and, to calibrate the equipment based in the information obtained by the official analyses. The results of this exploratory article suggest the need to perform a study with a great number of samples in order to validate the obtained conclusions. The evidences described in this article are important for the Brazilian industry of dairy products.

Prophylactic use of yoghurt reduces antibiotic induced diarrhoea in children.

Objective To assess whether locally manufactured yoghurt could be used prophylactically to reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children. Patients and Method Patients admitted to a general paediatric ward due to an illness other than diarrhoea and who were treated with amoxycillin or co-amoxyclav were recruited for the study. Patients were allocated randomly to the test and control groups. The test group was treated with a yoghurt (75ml) every morning for 3 consecutive days with the commencement of antibiotics. The stool consistency and frequency were recorded for 3 days following administration of antibiotics. Results All patients (76) were between 6 months and 5 years of age. There were 42 females and 34 males. In the test group 2/39 developed diarrhoea while in the control group 10/37 developed diarrhoea following antibiotic treatment. The data was analysed using Fisher's Exact test. 27% in control group and 5.4% in treated group had developed diarrhoea. Two sided probability for the test is 0.0252. Conclusion Antibiotic induced diarrhoea could be minimized by the prophylactic administration of yoghurt with the commencement of antibiotic treatment.