Excess Screen Time and its Associated Factors among Young Men in a Rural Community of North India

Screen-based media usage among young people is blooming rapidly due to technological and digital revolution. We conducted community-based cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of excess screen time and its association with sociodemographic and behavioral patterns in a rural block of Haryana, India. Asemi-structured interview schedule was administered by trained physicians to ascertain screen time in a typical day and various socioeconomic and behavioral factors among a random sample of 860 young men aged 18–24 years. The prevalence of excess screen time was 61.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58.4–65.1). It was significantly associated with education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.6) and occupation (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–3.9) of the father and their sleep duration of ?8 h (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3). Limiting the screen time as per international standards and behavioral interventions are needed for this young population.

Adaptation to university studies affects on functional state of freshmen

According to different researches, 30% of university graduates have a low level of health, and studying at university is one of the factors of its deterioration, besides the first year is considered critical. The purpose of research is to study the dynamics of physical development, physical fitness and functional state of young men during the first year of university studies. For the survey we used standard measurements and index calculations for 11 indicators of physical development, 9 indicators of physical fitness and 15 indicators of functional status. We calculated the arithmetic mean (M), the standard error of the mean (m), then evaluated differences by the Student criterion (t) for independent samples and considered them as reliable atр < 0.05. It is shown that during the first year of studies, young men have an increase in the Erismann index, the corpulence (Rohrer's) index, the body mass index and a decrease in the Pignet index. There is also an increase in the coefficient of endurance, adaptive capacity and diastolic pressure, while vital capacity of the lungs, the vital index, time of hanging on the bar and the speed of running 1000 m decrease. The dynamics of physical development is expressed in a change in mass-growth indices and indicates an increase in body weight. The dynamics of physical fitness is expressed in a decrease of the time of hanging on the bar and the speed of running 1000 m. The dynamics of the functional state is expressed in a decrease of vital capacity of the lungs, vital index, increase in the coefficient of endurance, adaptive capacity and diastolic blood pressure.

What are the factors that contribute to aggression in patients with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse?

Abstract Background A significant number of individuals with high levels of aggression have substance use disorder problems. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substance use disorder on aggression in young men with Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Methods This cross-sectional study included 328 patients and were diagnosed with ASPD with a comorbidity of substance use disorder, along with 111 healthy young male subjects. Results The total aggression scores of the patients with a diagnosis of ASPD were significantly higher than those of the healthy group (p < 0.001). Mean scores of aggression subscale, except for indirect aggression, were higher in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between aggression scores and total API scores in patients diagnosed with ASPD (p < 0.001). Aggression scores were higher when subjects were using volatile substances compared to other substances (p < 0.05). Aggression scores increased with duration of substance use disorder (p < 0.001). Discussion Substance use disorder should be treated first to mitigate aggression in individuals with ASPD. Patients with severe addiction to volatile substances should be given treatment priority. Further studies are necessary to determine the cause of aggression in individuals who abuse substances.

O Departamento Físico no projeto formador das Associações Cristãs de Moços, no Brasil (1893-1929)

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o lugar do Departamento Físico no projeto formador das Associações Cristãs de Moços (ACM), no Brasil, de 1893 a 1929, a partir do investimento institucional na formação física, intelectual e moral-religiosa. As fontes mobilizadas foram: revistas e documentos institucionais - panfletos, cartilhas, estatutos, atas. Os momentos iniciais de implantação das ACMs no Brasil foram de poucos investimentos na constituição do Departamento Físico, no entanto, no decorrer da consolidação da instituição, alteram-se os discursos no que tange às exigências na formação do sujeito, inseriu-se o Departamento Físico de outra forma no projeto acmista.

ABSTRACT This study aims to understand the place of the Physical Department in the formation project of the Young Men Christian Association (YMCA) in Brazil, in the 1893-1929 period, based on the institutional investment on physical, intellectual and moral-religious formation. The sources mobilized to enable this project were: magazines and institutional documents ‒ pamphlets, letters, statutes and minutes. The early stages of implementation of the YMCAs in Brazil were few in investments for the constitution of the Physical Department, however, in the course of the institution's consolidation, the speeches were altered related to the demands on the subject formation, inserting the Physical Department otherwise in acmista project.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender el papel del Departamento Físico en el proyecto de formación de las Asociaciones Cristianas de Jóvenes (ACJ) en Brasil durante el período de 1893 a 1929, a partir de la inversión institucional en la formación física, intelectual y moral-religiosa. Las fuentes movilizadas para esta encuesta fueron: periódicos y documentos institucionales, como folletos, cuadernillos, estatutos y actas. Las primeras etapas de la implementación de la ACJ en Brasil conllevaron pocas inversiones en la constitución del Departamento de Física. Sin embargo, en el curso de la consolidación de la institución, los discursos se modificaron respecto a las exigencias de formación del individuo, por lo que el Departamento Físico, por lo demás, acabó incluyéndose en el proyecto acmista.

Entre playgrounds, praças de jogos e jardins de recreio: o debate sobre a proveitosa ocupação do tempo / Between playgrounds, praças de jogos and jardins de recreio: the discussion about the useful occupation of time / Entre áreas de juego, plazas y jardines de recreo: el debate sobre la ocupación del tiempo provechosa

Este estudo investiga iniciativas relacionadas à construção de playgrounds, de praças de jogos e de jardins de recreio durante as décadas de 1920 e 1930, em experiências educacionais empreendidas no Rio de Janeiro, em Minas Gerais e no Rio Grande do Sul, por sujeitos ligados à Associação Cristã de Moços. A análise das fontes mobilizadas permite indicar que a consideração daqueles lugares como extensão da escola, o entendimento de que eles constituiriam momento privilegiado para dar expansão aos instintos infantis, a compreensão de que as atividades ali desenvolvidas poderiam incorporar códigos para a vida social dos alunos e a preocupação com a boa ocupação do tempo livre compuseram o arranjo argumentativo para a defesa da instalação de tais espaços educativos

This study looks into actions related to the construction of playgrounds, praças de jogos and jardins de recreio in the 1920s and 1930s, in educational experiences conducted in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, facilitated by subjects linked to the Young Men's Christian Association. The analysis of the documents indicates that seeing those spaces as extensions of the school environment, understanding that they were privileged moments to expand children's instincts and understanding that the activities developed there could incorporate codes for student ́s social life and concern with good use of free time were part of the arguments to legitimate the construction of those educational spaces

Este estudio investiga iniciativas relacionadas con la construcción de áreas de juego, plazas y jardines de recreo, durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930, en experiencias educativas emprendidas en Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais y Rio Grande do Sul, por personas vinculadas a la Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes. El análisis de las fuentes permite indicar que la consideración de esos lugares como extensión de la escuela, el entendimiento de que constituirían un momento privilegiado para darle expansión a los instintos infantiles, la comprensión de que las actividades allí desarrolladas podrían incorporar códigos para la vida social de los alumnos y la preocupación con la buena ocupación del tiempo libre compusieron el fondo argumentativo para la defensa de la instalación de tales espacios educativos

Personality traits of young men with different diplotypes

Background: Historically in psychogenetic research the attention has been paid to describing personality traits of the carriers of some sole genotypes; but in this work the characteristic traits of carriers of catecholaminergic system MAOA and COMT genes' genotypes different combinations are presented. Methods: A psychodiagnostic toolkit included 7 types of inventories. Genotyping was conducted with the help of DNA extraction from the buccal epithelium cells with subsequent PCR diagnostics and 3 types of statistical processing. Results: It was shown that carriers of a highly active diplotype have the lowest level of aggressiveness and are inclined to cooperate in the conflict; carriers of the highly active genotype MAOA in combination with the heterozygous genotype COMT have an average level of aggressiveness and high rates of emotional lability; carriers of low-level MAOA in combination with heterozygous genotype COMT have the highest rates of motivation to achieve success and verbal aggression; carriers of low-level MAOA and highly active COMT are emotionally labile and non-aggressive. Conclusion: We conclude that male carriers of a low-active diplotype have the highest level of aggressiveness and disposition to addictive behavior, which may indicate the association of this diplotype in a sample of young Russian men with social disadaptation.

Characteristics and influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among young men who have sex with men in Taizhou City from 2015 to 2018 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate characteristics and influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Taizhou, and to provide evidence for conducting intervention on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods The demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and AIDS related knowledge of YMSM in Taizhou were investigated by the method of questionnaire survey from January to July in 2015, February to September in 2016, January to August in 2017, and January to August in 2018. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were tested in everyone. Results A total of 432 YMSM were recruited, including 56 YMSM who had heterosexual behavior. 14.3% of YMSM who had heterosexual behavior never used condoms when having heterosexual behavior. 26.8% did not use condoms when having the last heterosexual behavior. The detection rates of HIV and syphilis were both 5.4%. No HCV positive person was found. The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 91.1%. In multivariate logistic regression, marital status and local residence time were influencing factors of heterosexual behavior among YMSM. Conclusions YMSM in Taizhou are at risk of spreading HIV and syphilis. Although the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge is better, there are still high-risk behavior such as commercial sex behavior and knowledge-practice separation such as not using condoms. It is necessary to promote intervention activities for safe sexual behavior, especially among YMSM who are married and live in the local areas for less than 2 years.

Prevalencia de disfunción eréctil en estudiantes de medicina / Erectile dysfunction prevalence in medical students

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prevalencia de disfunción eréctil (DE) en hombres jóvenes, según estudios internacionales es entre un 8 por ciento -30 por ciento. En Chile no se cuenta con datos sobre prevalencia de DE en población joven. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de DE en estudiantes de medicina. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal, para determinar la prevalencia de DE, se aplicó el cuestionario International Index of Erectile Function simplificado (IIEF-5), en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor, Santiago. Cursando desde primer a séptimo año, durante 2017, en voluntarios entre 18 - 30 años de edad. RESULTADOS: Del total de 158 encuestados, 11 % tiene Disfunción Severa, 20 % Disfunción Moderada, 7 por ciento Disfunción Leve - Moderada y 7 por ciento Disfunción Leve. Obteniéndose una tasa de prevalencia de 45 por ciento . La mayor prevalencia se presentó en el tercer año de carrera con un 63,6 % , la menor prevalencia se obtuvo en quinto año con un 27 por ciento . CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de DE alcanzó el 45 por ciento . Superior a lo descrito en los estudios que abordan el tema. Es posible que estos resultados sean a causa de la población estudiada, ya que está documentado que los estudiantes de medicina sufren de ansiedad y depresión mayor a la que tiene la población general de la misma edad. Al ser una patología con una prevalencia creciente dentro de la población joven, es importante para los médicos mejorar los mecanismos de pesquisa de esta enfermedad.AU

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in young men, according to international studies is between 8 pertcent -30 pertcent . In Chile, there is no data on the prevalence of ED in young population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of ED in medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study. To determine the prevalence of ED, the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was applied to medical students of the Universidad Mayor, Santiago. From first to seventh year, during 2017, with volunteers between 18 - 30 years of age. RESULTS: Of the total of 158 respondents, 11 percent have Severe Dysfunction, 20 pertcent Moderate Dysfunction, 7 pertcent Mild Dysfunction - Moderate and 7 pertcent Mild Dysfunction. Obtaining aprevalence rate of 45 pertcent. The highest prevalence was presented in the third year of career with 63.6 pertcent , the lowest prevalence was obtained in the fifth year with 27 pertcent CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ED reached 45 pertcent. Superior to that described in the studies that address the issue. It is possible that these results are due to the population studied, since it is documented that medical students suffer from anxiety and depression greater than that of the general population of the same age. Being a pathology with a growing prevalence within the young population, it is important for doctors to improve the mechanisms of research of this disease.AU

One-night-stand behavior and associated factors among young men who have sex with men in Wuhan, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective This present study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of one-night-stand behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).Methods A total of 403 YMSM aged 16 to 25 were recruited through internet promotion,extending activity and HIV VCT in Wuhan.Data was gathered through anonymous questionnaire.Binary logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with one-night-stand behavior.Results Of the 398 YMSM,48.99％ (195/ 398) reported having had casual sex in the last 6 months.Of the ones having had casual sex,34.29％ (60/175) and 28.65％ (49/171) reported using condoms consistently during anal or oral sexual contacts,respectively.These figures were lower than those of YMSM not having casual sexual contacts [with anal sex as 49.08％ (80/163) and oral sex as 38.85％ (61/157)].76.80％ (149/194) of the YMSM reported having had multiple sexual partners,with the figure higher than those without [33.15％ (60/ 181)] (P＜0.01).Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors seemed to be associated with casual sex activities among YMSM,including:often using intemet,(OR=4.89,95％ CI:1.90-12.54),taking illegal drugs (OR=2.72,95％ CI:1.60-4.63).Conclusions YMSM who bad engaged in casual sex,practicing unprotected sex or having multiple sexual partners,were recognized as high risk population.Targeted intervention programs are needed to decrease the one-night-stand behavior.Internct intervention strategy seemed an important method to serve the purpose.

One-night-stand behavior and associated factors among young men who have sex with men in Wuhan, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective This present study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of one-night-stand behavior among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).Methods A total of 403 YMSM aged 16 to 25 were recruited through internet promotion,extending activity and HIV VCT in Wuhan.Data was gathered through anonymous questionnaire.Binary logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with one-night-stand behavior.Results Of the 398 YMSM,48.99％ (195/ 398) reported having had casual sex in the last 6 months.Of the ones having had casual sex,34.29％ (60/175) and 28.65％ (49/171) reported using condoms consistently during anal or oral sexual contacts,respectively.These figures were lower than those of YMSM not having casual sexual contacts [with anal sex as 49.08％ (80/163) and oral sex as 38.85％ (61/157)].76.80％ (149/194) of the YMSM reported having had multiple sexual partners,with the figure higher than those without [33.15％ (60/ 181)] (P＜0.01).Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors seemed to be associated with casual sex activities among YMSM,including:often using intemet,(OR=4.89,95％ CI:1.90-12.54),taking illegal drugs (OR=2.72,95％ CI:1.60-4.63).Conclusions YMSM who bad engaged in casual sex,practicing unprotected sex or having multiple sexual partners,were recognized as high risk population.Targeted intervention programs are needed to decrease the one-night-stand behavior.Internct intervention strategy seemed an important method to serve the purpose.

Influencing Factors on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors in Young Men: Focusing on Obesity Indices

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of drinking, smoking, and obesity indices on cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors in Korean young men. METHODS: The subjects were 234 young men, aged 20 to 39 years. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), body fat mass (kg), and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured as obesity indices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured as cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: Statistically significant factors were BMI for SEP; age, degree of drinking, body fat mass for DBP; WHR for TC; WHR and age for TG; age, degree of smoking and PBF for HDL-C; WHR, age and degree of smoking for LDL-C. CONCLUSION: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in cardio-cerebrovascular disease prevention programs for young men.

The Effects of Short-term Circuit Resistance Training with Supplementation of Milk, Cheese Juice, Whey Protein on Resting Level Apolipoprotein M- HDL Total Cholesterol, Lipid Profile, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide and Plasma Estradiol in Untrained Young Men.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most significant factors leading to death. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 28 non athletic men. Subjects were divided into 4 groups. To the first group water (400 cc) was given, the second group received whey protein supplementation (50g), the third group had cheese juice (50g), and milk was given to the fourth one (400 cc), immediately after the training session. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), its sub fractions HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol, apolipoprotein M, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and estradiol were evaluated prior to and after training for 12 sessions, three sessions in each week. The differences were not significant for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and estradiol in the fourth group after training in comparison with the first phase. A significant decrease in apolipoprotein M- HDL total cholesterol on resting level were observed in all four groups and in HDL3 cholesterol with cheese juice and also whey protein in comparison with prior phase (P-values were 0.02, 0.001, 0.000, 0.015, respectively) (0.01, 0.01). A significant increase in HDL2 cholesterol level was observed in the groups with cheese juice and whey protein in comparison with their prior phases (P-values were 0.02, 0.03, respectively). This study showed that circuit resistance training has positive effects on the lipid profile changes in untrained young men.

Experiencia de vida de jóvenes homosexuales y su influencia en la práctica del sexo transaccional / Life experience of homosexual young men and its influence in the practice of transactional sex

Introducción: el sexo transaccional es el acto mediante el cual un individuo accede a satisfacer las demandas sexuales de una persona o grupo de personas a cambio de una remuneración monetaria u otra contraprestación. Objetivo: caracterizar las experiencias que, en la historia de vida de jóvenes homosexuales, han influido en la práctica del sexo transaccional. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, durante los años 2012 y 2013. La muestra la conformaron 25 jóvenes homosexuales pertenecientes al policlínico "Ana Betancourt", a los que se les realizó entrevista abierta y semiestructurada. Resultados: el ámbito familiar constituye, en la totalidad de los entrevistados, un espacio de conflicto y frustración, manifestándose prohibiciones e incomprensiones de los familiares vinculados a la identidad de género y sexo-erótica. Se constató frustración e inestabilidad en el área de pareja; sobrevaloración de la figura materna, vinculada a la necesidad de afecto, y una valoración negativa de la paterna, asociada a la percepción de rechazo por una orientación sexual diferente. La necesidad de afecto era canalizada a través de las relaciones interpersonales y en el marco de la práctica de sexo transaccional. Resultaron motivaciones para esta práctica, poder emigrar a otros lugares donde puedan suplir las carencias detectadas. Conclusiones: las experiencias de vida, vinculadas a la práctica del sexo transaccional, confirman y consolidan las concepciones entorno a la doble moral. Las que más influyen en la práctica de este acto son las vivenciadas en las áreas familiar, de pareja y psicosexual(AU)

Introduction: Transactional sex is the act by which an individual accedes to satisfy the sexual demand from a person or group of persons in exchange for monetary remuneration or compensation. Objective: To characterize the experiences in the life history of homosexual young men that have influenced the practice of transactional sex. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out during the years 2012 and 2013. The sample was made up by 25 homosexual young men from Ana Betancourt Polyclinic, who were conducted on an open and semi-structured interview. Results: The family environment is, in the totality of the interviewees, a space of conflict and frustration, with manifestations of prohibitions and lack of understanding by the relatives associated with gender and sexual-erotic identity. Frustration and instability was perceived in the couple area; over-assessment of the mother's figure, associated to the lack of affection; and a negative evaluation of the father's figure, associated with the perception of despise for a different sexual orientation. The necessity of affection was channeled by interpersonal relationships and by practicing transactional sex. Among the motivations for this proactive were to migrate to places when they can supply the scarcities detected. Conclusions: Life experiences associated with the practice of transactional sex confirm and strengthen the conception regarding double morality. Those influencing this practice the most are the experiences in the family, the couple and psychosexual areas(AU)

Prevalence of AIDS-related sexual behaviors and HIV infection status in young men who have sex with men in China: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the prevalence of AIDS-related sexual behaviors and HIV infection status in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in China.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted to obtain the related literature indexed by CNKI,Wangfang and PubMed databases from January 2005 to February 2015.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data and assessed the methodological quality.Meta-analysis was performed by the R software.Results Thirty seven studies involving 32 110 YMSM were included.75.5％ (95％ CI:68.8％-81.2％) YMSM sought sexual partners through Internet and 65.5％ (95％CI:60.0％-70.6％) had more than 2 sexual partners.In the last 6 months,89.1％ (95％ CI:84.2％-92.6％) YMSM had anal intercourse and 42.0％ (95％ CI:37.4％-46.6％) used condom consistently;11.4％ (95％CI:8.4％-15.4％) had vaginal intercourse and 36.9％ (95％CI:32.4％-41.6％) used condom consistently.The pooled prevalence of HIV infection was 5.0％ (95％CI:3.9％-6.5％),sub-group analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV infection in the eastern,central and western China were 4.2％ (95％CI:2.6％-6.6％),1.9％ (95％C1:0.8％-4.6％),6.3％ (95％ CI:4.7％-8.5％),respectively,and there were significant differences among different areas.Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS-related risk sexual behaviors and incidence of HIV infection in YMSM were high in China,it is necessary to conduct AIDS intervention in this population.

Prevalence of AIDS-related sexual behaviors and HIV infection status in young men who have sex with men in China: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the prevalence of AIDS-related sexual behaviors and HIV infection status in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in China.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted to obtain the related literature indexed by CNKI,Wangfang and PubMed databases from January 2005 to February 2015.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data and assessed the methodological quality.Meta-analysis was performed by the R software.Results Thirty seven studies involving 32 110 YMSM were included.75.5％ (95％ CI:68.8％-81.2％) YMSM sought sexual partners through Internet and 65.5％ (95％CI:60.0％-70.6％) had more than 2 sexual partners.In the last 6 months,89.1％ (95％ CI:84.2％-92.6％) YMSM had anal intercourse and 42.0％ (95％ CI:37.4％-46.6％) used condom consistently;11.4％ (95％CI:8.4％-15.4％) had vaginal intercourse and 36.9％ (95％CI:32.4％-41.6％) used condom consistently.The pooled prevalence of HIV infection was 5.0％ (95％CI:3.9％-6.5％),sub-group analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV infection in the eastern,central and western China were 4.2％ (95％CI:2.6％-6.6％),1.9％ (95％C1:0.8％-4.6％),6.3％ (95％ CI:4.7％-8.5％),respectively,and there were significant differences among different areas.Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS-related risk sexual behaviors and incidence of HIV infection in YMSM were high in China,it is necessary to conduct AIDS intervention in this population.

Effects of Two Kinds of Treadmill Exercise on Inflammatory Mediators in 18-30 Year Old Males / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the effects of short- term high- intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) on inflammatory mediators for healthy young males. Methods 19 healthy young male volunteers were randomized into HIT group (n=6), MCT group (n=7) and no training control (CON, n=6) group. The groups of HIT and MCT accepted treadmill exercise once per 2 days to 6 times (2 weeks), and the CON group did not accepted treadmill exercise. The levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL) -1α, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected 3 days before exercise, immediately after the first exercise, 3 days after the course. Results There was no difference among groups in the level of hs-CRP, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α in all the time (P>0.05). The concentration of IL-1α increased in the MCT group after the first exercise (P<0.01), and also the concentration of IL-6 in the CON group after the course (P<0.05). Conclusion It needs further srudy for the significance of HIT and MCT in the levels of inflammatory media.

Effects of Two Kinds of Treadmill Exercise on Inflammatory Mediators in 18-30 Year Old Males / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) on inflammatory mediators for healthy young males. Methods 19 healthy young male volunteers were randomized into HIT group (n=6), MCT group (n=7) and no training control (CON, n=6) group. The groups of HIT and MCT accepted treadmill exercise once per 2 days to 6 times (2 weeks), and the CON group did not accepted treadmill exercise. The levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) were detected 3 days before exercise, immediately after the first exercise, 3 days after the course. Results There was no difference among groups in the level of hs-CRP, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-αin all the time (P>0.05). The concentration of IL-1αincreased in the MCT group after the first exercise (P<0.01), and also the concentration of IL-6 in the CON group after the course (P<0.05). Conclusion It needs further srudy for the significance of HIT and MCT in the levels of inflammatory media.

Relationship between sexual sensation seeking and risk sexual behaviors among young men who have sex with men / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association between sexual sensation seeking and risk sexual behaviors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) who were under 25 years old.Methods 403 YMSM were recruited through online publicity,organization of outdoor activities together with HIV voluntary counseling and testing services from May to November in 2013.A total number of 375 (93.05％) valid questionnaires were received.Results Data showed that,among the 375 YMSM,37.9％ had sex with men for the first time without using a condom,55.7％ had multiple sexual partners,51.7％ had one-night stand,and 5.6％ engaged in group sex activities.Results from correlation analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking was positively correlated with four risk sexual behaviors (r=0.247,0.218,0.296 and 0.252,respectively).Data from the Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that YMSM with high sexual sensation seeking were more likely to engage in risk sexual behaviors.Conclusion Sexual sensation seeking was associated with risk sexual behaviors among YMSM.More knowledge and behavior education based on the sexual sensation seeking should be emphasized,as well as increasing the awareness on HIV-related risk sexual behaviors.

Emotional impact of halitosis / O impacto emocional da halitose

Objective: To evaluate the emotional impact of halitosis on 18-year-old men using a self-reported questionnaire. Method: A total of 2,224 participants underwent dental and medical examinations in the army medical services in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in July 2008. Results: In this sample, 12% of respondents expressed concern about their oral malodor, which had a strong emotional impact on their quality of life. Conclusions: The individuals reporting halitosis showed a higher degree of concern with their oral malodor. Low educational level and low income were associated with psychological impact and halitosis in this population (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da halitose em uma amostra de homens de 18 anos usando um questionário autoaplicável. Métodos: Um total de 2.224 indivíduos foram submetidos a exames dentários e médicos no serviço médico do Exército na cidade de Pelotas, no sul do Brasil, em julho de 2008. Resultados: Nessa amostra, 12% dos respondentes expressaram sua preocupação quanto ao mau hálito, com forte impacto emocional em sua qualidade de vida. Conclusões: Os indivíduos que relataram halitose apresentavam maior grau de preocupação com mau hálito. Nível educacional baixo e baixa renda estiveram associados ao impacto psicológico e à halitose nesta população (AU)

Efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exercício sobre a concentração sérica de interleucinas / Effects of different exercise intensities on serum interleukins levels

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos agudos e de curta duração de duas intensidades de exercício aeróbio sobre a concentração circulante de IL-6 e IL-10. Quinze homens jovens fisicamente ativos (21,0 ± 1,9 anos) foram submetidos a duas sessões de exercício ("crossover"): alta intensidade de exercício (AIE)- (80% VO2pico), e baixa intensidade de exercício (BIE)- (40% VO2pico), com intervalo de sete dias ("Wash out"). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em tubos com EDTA, antes do exercício (basal), imediatamente após o exercício (agudo) e após 2 h de recuperação passiva. As concentrações séricas de IL-6 e IL-10 foram determinadas com a utilização de kits comerciais de ELISA. Os resultados demonstraram elevação aguda da IL- 6, em resposta ao AIE em relação ao BIE (p < 0,05), enquanto que a IL-10 apresentou maior redução sistêmica aguda para BIE em comparação a AIE (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença na variação das citocinas após 2 h do término do exercício. Conclui-se que ambas as sessões agudas de exercício são capazes de modular a concentração circulante destas citocinas, e que a magnitude das alterações são dependentes da intensidade do esforço

The aim of this study was to analyze the acute and short-term effects of high and low exercise intensities on IL-6 and IL-10. Fifteen young healthy physically active males (21.0 ± 1.9 yrs) were submitted to 2 experimental trials (cross-over) with a 7-dais wash-out: high exercise intensity (80% VO2peak) and low exercise intensity (40% VO2peak) session. Blood samples were collected before exercise (baseline), immediately after exercise (acute), and two hours after the end of the exercise session (2 h). IL-6 and IL-10 circulating levels were determinate by ELISA. The results demonstrated an acute increase in IL-6 levels after high intensity compared to low intensity exercise (p < 0.05), however, IL-10 presented an acute decrease in response to low intensity exercise (p < 0.05). No effects were observed after 2 h of recovery from the session. Thus we conclude that acute exercise sessions are able to modulate the circulating levels of the studies cytokines, and the magnitudes of these changes are dependent of the exercise intensity