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ABSTRACT: The present research aimed to optimize the process of osmotic dehydration (OD) of ginger with hypertonic sucrose solution employing response surface methodology. A 23 experimental planning was carried out and 17 experimental assays were performed based on three independent variables (temperature, concentration of the osmotic solution and immersion time) and three dependent variables (moisture loss (ML), solids gain (SG) and dehydration efficiency index (DEI)). The selected assay conditions exhibited the preferred DEI value (the highest ML and lower SG), which were considered in the optimization. Assay 16 demonstrated to be the most favorable conditions for the osmotic dehydration of ginger (DEI =1.61) at 40 40 °C, 50 °Brix and 90 minutes of immersion time. Assay 1 performed at 34 °C, 44 °Brix and 120 minutes of immersion time also displayed desirable response (DEI =1.45). Thus, these two assays were evaluated for the presence of thermal-tolerant coliforms: Bacillus cereus and Salmonella sp.. The analyses presented values below the acceptable limits, which assured high quality hygienic and sanitary conditions of the product.
RESUMO: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo otimizar o processo de desidratação osmótica (DO) do gengibre, com solução hipertônica de sacarose, pelo método de superfície de resposta. Foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 23 completo, totalizando 17 ensaios, tendo como variáveis independentes: temperatura, concentração da solução osmótica e tempo de imersão e variáveis dependentes, como,: perda de umidade (PU), ganho de sólidos (GS) e índice de eficiência de desidratação osmótica (IED). Para otimizar foi considerado o melhor ensaio, o que obteve maior IED, ou seja, maior PU e menor GS. As melhores condições para a desidratação osmótica de gengibre foram obtidos a 40 °C, 50 °Brix e 90 minutos de imersão (Ensaio 16) com IED de 1.61 vindo em seguida o Ensaio 1 (34 ºC, 44 ºBrix e 120 minutos de imersão) com IED de 1.45. Estes ensaios foram avaliados quanto à coliformes tolerantes térmicas, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella spp., apresentando valores abaixo dos limites aceitáveis, indicando boas condições higiênicas sanitárias do produto.
ABSTRACT
In order to discover lifespan-extending compounds made from natural resources, activity-guided fractionation of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) ethanol extract was performed using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. The compound 6-gingerol was isolated from the most active ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and showed potent longevity-promoting activity. It also elevated the survival rate of worms against stressful environment including thermal, osmotic, and oxidative conditions. Additionally, 6-gingerol elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities of C. elegans, and showed a dose-depend reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in worms. Further studies demonstrated that the increased stress tolerance of 6-gingerol-mediated worms could result from the promotion of stress resistance proteins such as heat shock protein (HSP-16.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-3). The lipofuscin levels in 6-gingerol treated intestinal worms were decreased in comparison to the control group. No significant 6-gingerol-related changes, including growth, food intake, reproduction, and movement were noted. These results suggest that 6-gingerol exerted longevity-promoting activities independently of these factors and could extend the human lifespan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Caenorhabditis elegans , Caenorhabditis , Eating , Ethanol , Zingiber officinale , Heat-Shock Proteins , Lipofuscin , Longevity , Natural Resources , Reactive Oxygen Species , Reproduction , Superoxide Dismutase , Survival RateABSTRACT
RESUMO Este trabalho analisa o efeito larvicida do óleo Zingiber officinale Roscoe contra larvas em terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Extraiu-se quantitativamente o óleo essencial por hidrodestilação e calculou-se a CL50 do óleo, a partir dos métodos de Reed-Muench e Pizzi, respectivamente. O óleo essencial obteve CL50 de 76,07 (±2,24) μg mL-1 e rendimento de 0,52% m/v. Os resultados indicam que o óleo essencial avaliado é composto por substâncias que propiciam efeito larvicida contra Aedes aegypti.
ABSTRACT This study analyzes the larvicidal effect of the oil of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against larvae in third stage of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1792). The essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistillation and we calculated the oil’s LC50 from Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950) methods, respectively. The essential oil obtained LC50 of 76.07 (±2.24) ug mL-1, and yield of 0.52% m/v. The results indicate that the essential oil assessed has substances that provide larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Aedes/classification , Larvicides/classification , Zingiber officinale/classificationABSTRACT
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by polymerization of abnormal haemoglobin S when oxygen tension decreases. This lead to changes in the shape of red blood cells and anemia. Previous studies have been indicated that some medicinal plants have shown an antisickling activity, which indicates a new therapeutic way to a range of people who are affected by this hemoglobinopathy. The current study aimed to assess the in vitro antisickling activity of ginger. Emmel test was used to assess antisickling activity of ginger. The natural shape of the red blood cells was observed after incubation of red blood cells with ginger extract and 2% sodium metabisulfite as compared to control. A significant increase in the percentage of unsickled red blood cells was observed after incubation of red blood cells with 2% sodium metabisulfite in the presence of 500 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml of ginger extract. Moreover, the difference between the percentage of unsickled red blood cells after 30 min and 60 min incubation time was not significant. In conclusion significant in vitro antisickling activity of ginger extract was demonstrated in red blood cells pretreated with 2% sodium metabisulfite.
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BACKGROUND: Curcuma longa Linnaeus and Zingiber officinale Roscoe are two main representatives ofZingiberaceae family studied for a wide range of therapeutic properties, including: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antibacterial, analgesic, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, anti-human immunodeficiency virus properties and anticancer effects. This study was aimed to analyse the ethanolic extracts of Curcuma rhizome (Curcuma longa Linnaeus) and Zingiber rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in terms of polyphenols, antioxidant activity and anti-melanoma potential employing the B164A5 murine melanoma cell line. RESULTS: In order to evaluate the total content of polyphenols we used Folin-Ciocâlteu method. The antioxidant activity of the two ethanolic extracts was determined by DPPH assay, and for the control of antiproliferative effect it was used MTT proliferation assay, DAPI staining and Annexin-FITC-7AAD double staining test. Results showed increased polyphenols amount and antioxidant activity forCurcuma rhizome ethanolic extract. Moreover, 100 μg/ml of ethanolic plant extract from both vegetal products presented in a different manner an antiproliferative, respectively a proapoptotic effect on the selected cell line. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that Curcuma rhizome may be a promising natural source for active compounds against malignant melanoma.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Polyphenols/analysis , Zingiberaceae/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Curcuma/chemistry , Curcuma/classification , Zingiber officinale/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Polyphenols/classification , Rhizome/chemistryABSTRACT
Aims: Ginger, a rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Fam. Zingiberaceae), has been widely used as a spice to enhance the flavor of food and beverages and for medical purposes in various diseases. Methodology: The review covers the databases and articles published between 2002- 2013 via Medline and published papers on the Internet from Scientific Information Database, MagIran and Irandoc. Literature searches were performed to identify all the researches on ginger for treatment properties. Results: The researchers conducted on ginger in medical field were about nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, contraceptive pills nausea, dysmenorrhea, motion sickness, cough, ventilator associated pneumonia, rheumatic diseases, antibacterial and antiviral effects, nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, spermatogenesis, anti-hyperlipidemia anti-inflammatory, diabetes nephropathy and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Clinical trials about ginger were mostly to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Conclusion: According to the published articles, ginger is an extraordinary herb and more detailed clinical trials using ginger are recommended for further studies in future.
Subject(s)
Dysmenorrhea/drug therapy , Zingiber officinale/pharmacology , Zingiber officinale/therapeutic use , Humans , MEDLINE , Motion Sickness/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/drug therapy , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
El presente trabajo intitulado "Estudio Farmacognóstico y Fitoquímico del Rizoma de Zingiber officinale Roscoe "Jengibre" de la Ciudad de Chanchamayo - Región Junín - Perú'', tuvo como finalidad establecer los parámetros de calidad e identificación de los fitoconstituyentes de la droga cultivada en nuestro país. El estudio farmacognóstico realizado se basó en la identificación, clasificación taxonómica, pérdida de humedad mediante secado, y parámetros de calidad de la droga como son la macromorfología, determinación de sustancias solubles en agua y en etanol 70ºGL, determinación de cenizas totales, determinación de cenizas solubles en agua y de cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico. Se determinó índices menores a los máximos establecidos, mostrando la calidad y pureza de nuestra droga. La especie fue identificada en el Herbarium Truxillensis de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, siendo nuestra especie la misma de la cual se conocen sus efectos terapéuticos publicados a nivel mundial. El estudio químico cualitativo se realizó mediante tamizaje fitoquímico según técnicas de la Universidad de la Habana (Dra. Miranda Martinez M.) que emplea el método de extracción discontínua: maceración con agitación constante y solvente de polaridad creciente; éter dietílico, etanol 70ºGL y agua. Las reacciones de coloración y precipitación obtenidas en el tamizaje fitoquímico nos indicó la presencia de alcaloides, lactonas, aceites, glicósidos cardiotónicos, triterpenos, quinonas, resinas, taninos, flavonoides, azúcares reductores, antocianidinas, mucílagos y aminoácidos; además no se evidenció saponinas, esteroides, cumarinas y catequinas.