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Abstract Introduction Acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is the most common cause of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD). Objective We investigated the prevalence of PIOD in a large group of patients reporting persistent smell impairment perception after the AURI resolution. Methods Olfactometry was performed within 1 month after the common cold resolution and after 1 year in 467 (299 males, mean age 41.7 years) outpatients. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test (Burghart instruments, Wedel, Germany) was used. Results Anosmia was documented in 28 (6%) patients, hyposmia in 33 (7%), and cacosmia in 55 (11.7%). After 1 year, PIOD improved in 82 (79.6%) patients re-tested. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that persistent olfactory dysfunction is a relevant symptom in patients with AURI, even though many patients had normal olfactometry. Thus, smell impairment deserves careful attention and requires objective documentation.
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@#Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that is perpetuated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics among doctors. This study aims to assess the antibiotic prescription rate for patients with acute upper respiratory infection (URI) and acute diarrhoea. Methods: A completed clinical audit cycle was conducted in 2018 in the busy emergency department of a public hospital in Malaysia. Pre- and post-intervention antibiotic prescription data were collected, and changes were implemented through a multifaceted intervention similar to Thailand’s Antibiotics Smart Use programme. Results: Data from a total of 1,334 pre-intervention and 1,196 post-intervention patients were collected from the hospital’s electronic medical records. The mean (SD) age of participants was 19.88 (17.994) years. The pre-intervention antibiotic prescription rate was 11.2% for acute diarrhoea and 29.1% for acute URI, both of which are above the average national rates. These antibiotic prescription rates significantly reduced post-intervention to 6.2% and 13.7%, respectively, falling below national averages. Antibiotic prescription rate was highest for young children. There were no significant changes in rates of re-attendance or hospital admission following the intervention. Conclusion: The multifaceted intervention, which included continuing medical education, physician reminders and patient awareness, was effective in improving the antibiotic prescription rates for these two conditions.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute upper respiratory infection of patients in peace-keeping operations area in Mali, so as to provide experiences for prevention and control of acute upper respiratory infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the case history of upper respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to December 2017. The clinical data of the patients were recorded and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 484 patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the time distribution, most patients with upper respiratory tract infections were concentrated in May, August, September and December. WBC in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.41, P=0.008), Gran in fever group were higher than those in normal temperature group (t=3.92, P0.05). The electrolyte K, Ca, Na and Cl values in fever group were lower than those in normal temperature group (all P<0.05). Conclusions In terms of time distribution, under the circumstances of rotation and handover of peacekeeping forces, seasonal change, large temperature difference between day and night, etc, the peacekeeping forces should take precautions to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and avoid non-combat attrition of peacekeepers. From the analysis of clinical characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection, fever alone is not an indication of antibiotic use, but must be combined with symptoms, signs and laboratory examinations of patients. At the same time, patients with fever are prone to electrolyte disorders, which should be paid great attention by medical staff.
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Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Fuganlin Oral Liquid in treatment of acute upper respiatory infection (AURI) in pratical application. Methods: A multi-centered observational study was conducted. Total 2124 patients were administrated with Fuganlin Oral Liquid for one week, and observed the cure rate and the occurrence rate of complications in different levels, and the safety was evaluated. Results: The total cure rate was 95.12%, and there was no significant difference on it among different dosage and diagnosis groups, while patients (younger than one year old) took Fuganlin Oral Liquid alone had higher cure rate. The occurrence rate of complications was 0.24%, and there was no statistical difference among different dosage, age, and diagnosis groups, while patient took Fuganlin Oral Liquid alone had lower rate than combination therapy. The rateS of adverse events and adverse reaction were 1.37% and 1.04%, there was statistical difference except in different dosage groups. Conclusion: Fuganlin Oral Liquid has high cure rate and low complication rate. It has a good clinical efficacy, especially in young age groups. The efficacy of Qi deficiency group and wind heat syndrome group, even the disease diagnosis group was similar. A few clinical adverse events and adverse reaction was founded, high dosage group was as safe as the low dosage group. Above all, Fuganlin Oral Liquid has widely applied prospect in clinical practice.
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BACKGROUND: Initial treatment of acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) should not include antibiotics because most AURIs are caused by virus. However, the prescription rate of antibiotics in Korea is higher than in any other countries. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in Korea accelerated the emergence of antibiotics resistance and increased the social and economic burden. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors related to antibiotics use for the AURI among children-adolescents and adults. METHODS: This study analyzed the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample data which was nationally representative sampling stratified by sex and age. RESULTS: The influencing factors of antibiotics use for AURI are gender, age, types of medical security, primary disease, existence of concomitant disease, treatment seasons, first visit or revisit, indicated specialty, types of medical institution, and location of medical institution. CONCLUSION: The results showed health policy makers are required to place more efforts to resolve inappropriate antibiotics use. Especially they need to establish a health policy to reduce the gap between areas and specialties and recommend standardized clinical guidelines according to the subgroup code of AURI and the age group of patients.
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Adult , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Health Policy , Insurance, Health , Korea , Prescriptions , SeasonsABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical effect and safety of children with acute upper respiratory tract infection treated with Yanhuning and ribavirin.Methods 182 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection treated were selected and divided into observation group and control group randomly.All children were given general symptomatic and supportive treatment.Yanhuning was added in observe group,10mg · kg-1 · d-1,ivgtt,qd,and ribavirin was added in control group,10mg · kg-1 · d-1,ivgtt,qd.Changes and disappearance time of clinical symptoms were observed.Results 89 cases (97.80％) were treated effectively in observation group,while 73 cases (80.22％) in control group,the efficacy of Yanhuning was higher than that of ribavirin (P ＜ 0.05).The time of clinical symptoms disappeared and blood examination recovering were shorter in observation group than that in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Scores of fever and cough in observation group were (2.90 ± 0.04) and (2.87 ± 0.06),while those in control group were (2.37 ± 0.11) and (2.26 ± 0.13).The scores in observation group were higher than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Yanhuning applied in children with acute upper respiratory tract infection treatment is efficacy and safe,and it could adjust systemic immunity of children,which is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To understand the utilization of antibiotics for acute upper respiratory infection through retrospectively analyzing the prescription in the outpatient department in a whole year,therefore to improve the rational drug using in primary healthy institutions.Methods Prescriptions from the outpatient department,Jan.2010 to Dec.2010 were managed in Excel software and the utilization was analyzed.Results In a total of 6101 prescriptions,2462(40.35％ ) were for upper respiratory infection.Of the 2462 prescriptions,1962(79.69％ )used antibiotics.The amount of prescriptions and the rate of antibiotics used were significantly higher than those for other infection diseases.Conclusion The investigation shows antibiotics abuse in primary healthy institution has become a severe problem.While the stuff in primary healthy institution are trained for some specific aims,the promotion should be spread to let doctors and patients know the danger of antibiotics abuse.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between microecological balance and the syndrome type of acute upper respiratory infection.Methods The nature and quantity of pharyngeal flora were assayed in 31 cases of wind-cold acute upper respiratory infection and 36 cases of wind-heat acute upper respiratory infection,with 30 healthy cases served in control group.Results There was a significant rise of concentration of pharynx flora in acute upper respiratory infection than that in control group,whereas there was a significant decrease of diversity of pharynx flora in acute upper respiratory infection than that in control.Conclusion Imbalance of pharyngeal micro-ecology is one of the major factors leading to acute upper respiratory infection,manifested as insufficiency of genuine Qi failure in guarding.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yin-Huang pills combined with Banlangen granule therapy on upper respiratory infection.Methods 120 cases of acute upper respiratory infection were randomly separated into an experiment group and a control group.The experiment group was treated by Yin-Huang pills combined with Banlangen granule;while the control group was treated by Yin-Huang pills.Results There was significant difference of cure rate between the experiment group(75%)and the control group(51.6%),with P＜0.01.There was no significant difference of total effective rate between the experiment group(96.6%)and the control group(88.3%),with P＞0.05.Conclusion Yin-Huang pills combined with Banlangen granule therapy was more effective in controlling acute upper respiratory infection,and this therapy caused few adverse effects.
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Objective To evaluate influence of Azithromycin on breath hydrogen test(BHT) in acute upper respiratory infection(AURI) in Children.Methods Fasting BHT and lacunose BHT were respectively performed by using HD-1 breath hydrogen detector for 38 inpatients before and after receiving Azithromycin.Fasting BHT of 115 healthy controls were determined.Results After Azithromycin was given,Fasting BHT was lower than that before Azithromycin used(P
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Drug utilization study, especially antibiotic usage in therapy of mild acute upper respiratory infections and acute diarrheas has been conducted in six Primary Health Center (PHC) in urban, suburban and rural area in the Province of South Sumatra. We conducted systematic random sampling during which 15% of patients in each PHC were taken. We collected information about drug utilization from medical record of out patient in each PHC for three months period (January to March 1997). We recorded the characteristics of patients, the diagnosis, the number and type of drug (including injection) used. The number of cases studied was 1781, with the average number of drug per prescription being 2.7; the percentage of cases receiving an injection was 43%, and the percentage of cases receiving antibiotic was 48%. Sixty-four percent of 1277 acute respiratory tract infections (common cold), and 79% of 140 cases of acute diarrhea received antibiotic. This study showed that there is overuse or inappropriate use of drugs, especially antibiotic for acute nonspecific diarrhea and mild acute respiratory tract infections.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents , Diarrhea , Respiratory Tract Infections , Prescriptions , Rural Health Services , Suburban Health ServicesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical curative efficacy of compound mephedrine hydrochloride oral solution(CMHOS)for acute upper respiratory infection in children.METHODS:A total of240children with acute upper respiratory infection were enrolled:130(treatment group)were randomly assigned to receive ribavirim granules plus CMHOS,and110(control group)to receive ribavirim granules plus amoxicillin granules.Course of treatments for both groups were3days.the severity of symptoms was evaluated by graded scoring system,the symptom changes before and after treatment and the adverse drug reactions were observed.RESULTS:After treatment,both the cure rate and total effective rate were markedly higher in the treatment group than in the control group,with a significantly lower clinical symptoms integral as against the control group.CONCLUSION:The therapy of CMHOS plus ribovirin is effective in treating children with acute upper respiratory in?fection.