Effect of aerobic training on physical fitness and cardiopulmonary resistance of university students / Efeito do treinamento aeróbico sobre a aptidão física e resistência cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários / Efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico sobre la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: The good performance of college students depends directly on their physical integrity, which is subordinated to good physical fitness and cardiopulmonary resistance. It is believed that aerobic training, an adaptation to the progressive increase of physical endurance, may benefit college students. Objective: Study whether aerobic training can affect college students' physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance. Methods: Through experimental comparison, the physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance of students in the aerobics elective class and the university athletics elective class were compared. Body indexes were measured before and after the intervention, statistically analyzed, and discussed according to the literature. Results: There were significant changes in the 50-meter run time for university students in the elective aerobics class from 9.24±1.71 to 7.81±2.02, the five-meter run from 11.56±1.03 to 7.87±0.23, the standing jump from 156.92±14.79 to 170.56±19.93, and the sitting flexion from 14.07±1.98 to 17.52±3.79. These changes accompanied the changes in cardiorespiratory endurance in the aerobics elective class. In contrast, the changes in student indicators in the track and field elective class were not as evident. Conclusion: Aerobic training positively impacted overall physical quality, including elevation of fitness indices and cardiopulmonary endurance in college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O bom desempenho dos estudantes universitários depende diretamente de sua integridade física, que está subordinada a uma boa aptidão física e resistência cardiopulmonar. Acredita-se que o treinamento aeróbico, uma adaptação ao aumento progressivo da resistência física, possa trazer benefícios aos estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Estudar se a prática do treinamento aeróbico pode afetar a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Através de comparação experimental, a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar dos alunos da classe optativa de aeróbica e da classe optativa de atletismo universitário foram comparadas. Os índices corporais foram mensurados antes e após a intervenção, trabalhados estatisticamente e discutidos conforme a literatura. Resultados: Houveram alterações significativas no tempo de corrida 50 metros pelos estudantes universitários da classe eletiva de aeróbica, de 9,24±1,71 para 7,81±2,02, a de cinco metros foi de 11,56±1,03 para 7,87±0,23, o salto em pé foi de 156,92±14,79 para 170,56±19,93, e a flexão em posição sentada de 14,07±1,98 para 17,52±3,79. Essas alterações acompanharam as mudanças de resistência cardiorrespiratória na classe eletiva de aeróbica, enquanto as mudanças dos indicadores em alunos na classe eletiva de atletismo não foram tão evidentes. Conclusão: O treinamento em aeróbico mostrou um impacto positivo sobre a qualidade física geral, incluindo elevação dos índices de aptidão física e da resistência cardiopulmonar nos estudantes universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El buen rendimiento de los estudiantes universitarios depende directamente de su integridad física, que está subordinada a una buena forma física y resistencia cardiopulmonar. Se cree que el entrenamiento aeróbico, una adaptación al aumento progresivo de la resistencia física, puede aportar beneficios a los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: Estudiar si la práctica del entrenamiento aeróbico puede afectar a la forma física y a la resistencia cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Mediante comparación experimental, se compararon la forma física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes de la clase optativa de aeróbic y de la clase optativa de atletismo universitario. Se midieron los índices corporales antes y después de la intervención, se trabajaron estadísticamente y se discutieron según la bibliografía. Resultados: Hubo cambios significativos en el tiempo de carrera de 50 metros de los estudiantes universitarios de la clase electiva de aeróbic, de 9,24±1,71 a 7,81±2,02, la carrera de cinco metros fue de 11,56±1,03 a 7,87±0,23, el salto de pie fue de 156,92±14,79 a 170,56±19,93, y la flexión en posición sentada de 14,07±1,98 a 17,52±3,79. Estos cambios acompañaron a los cambios de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en la clase optativa de aeróbic, mientras que los cambios de los indicadores en los alumnos de la clase optativa de atletismo no fueron tan evidentes. Conclusión: El entrenamiento aeróbico mostró un impacto positivo en la calidad física general, incluyendo la elevación de los índices de condición física y resistencia cardiopulmonar en estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Health care effect of sports on improving physical function / Efeito de atenção à saúde do esporte na melhoria da função física / Efecto de atención a la salud del deporte en la mejoría de la función física

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the basic tasks of physical education in colleges and universities is to guide students to exercise and strengthen their physical fitness. Therefore, we need to study the physical function status of college students and the law of change in the learning process. Objective: To conduct physical training for college students and study the impact of exercise on physical function. Methods: Female college students are randomly divided into three groups with different training programs. The training cycle lasts 12 weeks. Results: There were statistical differences in the physical functions and qualities of the three groups of students after different training programs. Aerobic and strength training has obvious effects on improving students' skills. Conclusion: The combination of aerobic exercise and strength training enhances the physical function of female students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Uma das tarefas básicas da educação física em escolas e universidades é orientar os alunos para que façam exercícios e fortaleçam sua aptidão física. Portanto, precisamos estudar o status da função física de estudantes universitários e a lei da mudança no processo de aprendizado. Objetivo: Conduzir treinamentos físicos para alunos universitários e estudar o impacto da atividade na função física. Métodos: Universitárias (sexo feminino) foram aleatoriamente separadas em três grupos, com diferentes programas de treinamento. O ciclo de treinamento durou 12 semanas. Resultados: Houve diferenças estatísticas na função e qualidade físicas dos três grupos de estudantes depois de programas de treinamento diferentes. Treinos aeróbicos e de força tem efeitos evidentes na melhoria da habilidade das estudantes. Conclusão: O exercício aeróbico combinado com treino de força melhora a função física de estudantes do sexo feminino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una de las tareas básicas de la educación física en escuelas y universidades es orientar a los alumnos para que hagan ejercicios y fortalezcan su aptitud física. Por lo tanto, necesitamos estudiar el status de la función física de estudiantes universitarios y la ley del cambio en el proceso de aprendizaje. Objetivo: Conducir entrenamientos físicos para alumnos universitarios y estudiar el impacto de la actividad en la función física. Métodos: Universitarias (sexo femenino) fueron aleatoriamente separadas en tres grupos, con diferentes programas de entrenamiento. El ciclo de entrenamiento duró 12 semanas. Resultados: Hubo diferencias estadísticas en la función y calidad físicas de los tres grupos de estudiantes después de programas de entrenamiento diferentes. Entrenamientos aeróbicos y de fuerza tienen efectos evidentes en la mejoría de la habilidad de las estudiantes. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza mejora la función física de estudiantes del sexo femenino. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Clinical effect of physical exercise on disease prevention in college students / Efeito clínico do exercício físico como prevenção de doenças em estudantes universitários / Efecto clínico del ejercicio físico como prevención de enfermedades en estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: College students face increasing pressure in all aspects of study and life. They urgently need a way to relieve stress. Physical exercise is the best choice for college students to relieve stress. Objective: To explore the relationship between physical exercise and disease prevention in college students. Methods: The article conducts a logistic regression analysis of physical exercise in college students and analyzes the relationship between the physical exercise factors and the occurrence of physical diseases. Results: The incidence of disease in students participating in physical exercise is low. The prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia decreased with the increase of physical activity intensity. Conclusions: Diligently participation in physical exercises can help college students resist diseases. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies -investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Os estudantes universitários enfrentam pressão crescente em todos os aspectos do estudo e da vida. Eles precisam com urgência de um modo de aliviar o estresse. Nesse caso, o exercício físico é a melhor escolha para aliviar o estresse. Objetivo: Explorar a relação entre exercício físico e prevenção de doenças em estudantes universitários. Métodos: O artigo consiste de análise de regressão logística do exercício físico em universitários e investiga a relação entre o exercício físico e a ocorrência de doenças físicas. Resultados: A incidência da doença em alunos que praticam exercícios físicos é baixa. A prevalência de diabetes, obesidade e hiperlipidemia diminuiu com o aumento da intensidade da atividade física. Conclusões: A participação diligente em exercícios físicos pode ajudar os estudantes universitários a serem mais resistentes a doenças. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se enfrentan a una presión cada vez mayor en todos los aspectos del estudio y la vida. Necesitan urgentemente una forma de aliviar el estrés. En este caso, el ejercicio físico es la mejor opción para dicha tensión. Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre ejercicio físico y prevención de enfermedades en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: El artículo consiste en un análisis de regresión logística del ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarios e investiga la relación entre el ejercicio físico y la aparición de enfermedades físicas. Resultados: La incidencia de enfermedades en los estudiantes que practican ejercicio es baja. La prevalencia de enfermedades como diabetes, obesidad e hiperlipidemia disminuyó al aumentar la intensidad de la actividad física. Conclusiones: La práctica rutinaria de actividades físicas puede ayudar a los estudiantes universitarios a ser más resistentes a las enfermedades. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Efeito do treinamento aeróbio em parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemodinâmicos e autonômicos de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise / Effect of aerobic training on cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and autonomic parameters of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma condição clínica de alto risco cardiovascular e os pacientes nos estágios mais avançados da doença que dependem de terapia renal substitutiva frequentemente tem prejuízo cardiorespiratório, níveis elevados de pressão arterial (uso de múltiplas medicações para controle), modulação autonômica prejudicada e graus variados de inflamação. Deste modo este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se o exercício físico aeróbio intradialítico tem impacto em modificar estas alterações. Os pacientes foram selecionados em duas unidades de hemodiálise em São Luís do Maranhão, Brasil, entre junho de 2016 e outubro de 2019, e foram alocados conforme aceitação em grupo controle (GC) e grupo exercício (GE). O GE foi submetido a treinamento aeróbio com bicicleta por um período de 12 semanas. Avaliação física antropométrica, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6m), ecocardiograma, eletrocardiograma com análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e medidas laboratoriais foram realizadas incluindo interleucina 6 (IL6) antes e após 12 semanas em ambos os grupos. Trinta e um pacientes foram avaliados 15 pacientes no grupo controle (GC) e 16 pacientes no grupo exercício (GE). Após 12 semanas de treinamento houve diminuição da pressão arterial sistólica do grupo exercício em relação ao basal (129,8 ± 9,41mmHg vs 112,00 ± 12,0 mmHg p = 0,03). Não houve alterações na composição corporal e na maioria dos exames laboratoriais, exceto pelo aumento do KTV (índice de adequação de diálise) e diminuição do LDL colesterol no grupo exercício em relação ao grupo controle. No entanto, os níveis de HDL colesterol aumentaram (39,92 ± 6,1 mg/dL vs 48,00 ± 7,85 mg/dL p = 0,02) e IL6 diminuíram (4,56 ± 1,2 pg / mL vs 2,14 ± 1,0 pg / mL p = 0,02). Houve aumento da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada no grupo exercício (473,80 ± 98,6 metros vs 573,50 ± 74,22 metros p = 0,01). Na avaliação ecocardiográfica, verificou-se que no GE houve diminuição da pressão da artéria pulmonar estimada (31,38 ± 2,9 mmhg vs 24,2 ± 1,7 mmhg p = 0,001). Houve melhora na modulação autonômica no GE (RMSSD 11,7 ± 4,2 vs 18,4 ± 5,7 p=0,02), LFnu (52,9 ± 17,2 vs 32,0 ± 18,2 p=0,02) e HFnu (48,1 ± 17,2 vs 68,0 ± 18,2 p=0,01). Não foram evidenciados efeitos adversos e não houve abandono do treinamento. Baseados nestes resultados, é possível concluir que o exercício aeróbio intradialítico por 12 semanas pode melhorar parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemodinâmicos e autonômicos, com boa aderência e sem eventos adversos, podendo ser usado como medida coadjuvante para melhora clínica destes pacientes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical condition of high cardiovascular risk and patients in the more advanced stages of the disease who depend on renal replacement therapy often experience cardiorespiratory impairment, high blood pressure levels (use of multiple medications for control), modulation impaired autonomy and varying degrees of inflammation. Thus, this study aims to verify whether intradialytic aerobic exercise has an impact on modifying these variables. The patients were selected in two hemodialysis units in São Luís do Maranhão, Brazil, between May 2016 and October 2019, and were allocated according to acceptance in the control group (CG) and exercise group (EG). The group exercise was submitted to aerobic exercise with bicycle for a period of 12 weeks. Anthropometric physical evaluation, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), echocardiogram, electrocardiogram with analysis of heart rate variability (VFC) and laboratory measurements were performed including interleukin 6 (IL6) before and after 12 weeks in both groups. Thirty-one patients were evaluated 15 patients in the control group (CG) and 16 patients in the exercise group (EG). After 12 weeks of training, there was a decrease in systolic blood pressure in the exercise group compared to baseline (129.8 ± 9.41 mmHg vs 112.00 ± 12.0 mmhg p = 0.03). There were no changes in body composition and in most laboratory tests, except for an increase in KTV (dialysis adequacy index) and a decrease in LDL cholesterol in the exercise group compared to the control group. However, HDL cholesterol levels increased (39.92 ± 6.1 mg / dL vs 48.00 ± 7.85 mg / dL p = 0.02) and IL6 decreased (4.56 ± 1.2 pg / mL vs 2.14 ± 1.0 pg / mL p = 0.02). There was an increase in the distance covered in the walking test in the exercise group (473.80 ± 98.6 m vs 573.50 ± 74.22 m p = 0,01). In the echocardiographic evaluation, it was found that in the EG there was a decrease in the estimated pulmonary artery pressure (31.38 ± 2.9 mmhg vs 24.2 ± 1.7 mmhg p = 0.001). There was an improvement in autonomic modulation in the EG (RMSSD 11.7 ± 4.2 vs 18.4 ± 5.7 p = 0.02), LFnu (52.9 ± 17.2 vs 32.0 ± 18.2 p = 0.02) and HFnu (48.1 ± 17.2 vs 68.0 ± 18.2 p = 0.01). There were no adverse effects and training was not abandoned. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that intradialytic aerobic exercise for 12 weeks can improve cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and autonomic parameters, with good adherence and without adverse events, and can be used as a supporting measure for the clinical improvement of these patients.

The effects of aerobic exercise on biochemical parameters in individuals with CKD on hemodialysis: A longitudinal study / Os efeitos do exercício aeróbico sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos em indivíduos com DRC em hemodiálise: Um estudo longitudinal

BACKGROUNG: Chronic kidney disease is directly related to cardiovascular disorders. Guided physical exercises significantly improve the adverse effects of dialytic treatmentOBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in biochemical parameters of subjects with chronic kidney disease undergoing moderate exercise during hemodialysisMETHODS: This is an experimental study composed of 54 subjects submitted to hemodialysis, split into a control group and a group with intervention. The experimental group underwent three weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, performed during hemodialysis sessions, with a duration of 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. The blood parameters of both groups were comparedRESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between pre (p=0.001) and post-exercise protocol for urea (p=0.006), calcium (p=0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.020) and sodium (p=<0.001). In the control group, we observed significant differences for the calcium variable (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.024), hematocrit (p=0.015), calcium vs phosphorus (p=0.018), and sodium (p=0.023), before and after the periodCONCLUSION: Aerobic training during hemodialysis was able to maintain blood level stability in patients with chronic kidney disease, both during and at the end of the protocol, even considering increased blood flow. This trial is registered in the Brazilian registry of clinical Trials - number RBR-7354r6. : July 5, 2018 at 12:59 PM. : July 24, 2018 at 10:24 AM. Identification of the test - UTN Number: U1111-1216-8272

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença renal crônica está diretamente relacionada a distúrbios cardiovasculares. Exercícios físicos guiados melhoram significativamente os efeitos adversos do tratamento dialíticoOBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos de indivíduos com doença renal crônica submetidos a exercícios moderados durante a hemodiáliseMÉTODO: Este é um estudo experimental composto por 54 indivíduos submetidos à hemodiálise, divididos em um grupo controle e um grupo com intervenção. O grupo experimental passou por três sessões semanais de exercício aeróbico, realizadas durante as sessões de hemodiálise, com duração de 30 minutos, por 12 semanas. Os parâmetros sanguíneos de ambos os grupos foram comparadosRESULTADOS: Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observadas entre o protocolo pré (p=0,001) e pós-exercício para urea (p=0,006), cálcio (p=0,001), alanina aminotransferase (p=0,020) e sódio (p=&0.001). No grupo controle, observamos diferenças significativas para a variável cálcio (p<0.001), alanina aminotransferase (p=0,024), hematócrito (p=0,015), cálcio vs fósforo (p=0,018) e sódio (p=0,023), antes e depois do períodoCONCLUSÃO: O treinamento aeróbico durante a hemodiálise foi capaz de manter a estabilidade do nível sanguíneo em pacientes com doença renal crônica, tanto durante quanto no final do protocolo, considerando mesmo o aumento do fluxo sanguíneo. Este ensaio está registrado no registro brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - número RBR-7354r6. Data de inscrição: 5 de julho de 2018 às 12h59. : 24 de julho de 2018 às 10h24. Identificação do teste - UTN Número: U1111-1216-8272

The Role of Proliferation and Differentiation of Preadipocyte on High Fat Diet-induced Obesity and Prevention of Obesity through Exercises in Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the influences of proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes on high fat diet-induced obesity and obesity prevention through exercises in rats.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal diet control group (C,n=8),a normal diet with exercises group (E,n=8),a high fat diet control group (H,n=14) and a high fat diet with exercises group (HE,n=10).Group C and group H kept sedentary,while group E and group HE underwent treadmill exercises at about 75％VO2max level.After 12 weeks of intervention,the body weight,epididymal,perirenal and retroperitoneal fat mass were recorded,and the total fat mass was determinated.Stereology method was used to calculate the number and average diameter of fat cells.Western Blotting was conducted to measure the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα protein in adipose tissues.Results (1) The body weight and total fat mass of group H were significantly higher than those of group C (P＜0.01).Perirenal,retroperitoneal fat and total fat mass of group E and HE were significantly lower than those of group C and H respectively (P＜0.01).(2) The total fat cell number of group H was significantly higher than that of group C.The average diameter of fat cells in perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads of group E were significantly lower than that of group C (P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while that of group HE in epididymal,perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads was significantly lower than that of group H (P＜0.01).(3) Compared with group C,the expression of PPARγ protein of group E and H increased significantly in epididymal,perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads (P＜0.01).The expression of C/EBPα protein of group H was significantly higher than that of group C in epididymal and perirenal fat pads (P＜0.01),the expression of C/EBPα protein of group E was significantly higher than that of group C in perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pads (P＜0.01),while the expression of C/EBPα protein of group HE was significantly lower than that of group H in perirenal fat pads(P＜0.01).Conclusion The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocyte was enhanced in the development of high fat diet induced obesity and exercises to prevent obesity,but its role and mechanisms were different.The high fat diet increases the number of fat cells which is a compensatory mechanism for the body to adapt to fat accumulation,while exercises might promote cell renewal and decrease the average size of fat cells which is an adaptive mechanism to improve fat storage.

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Tau Phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt Pathway in the Hippocampus of Obese Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on tau phosphorylation and PI3K/ Akt pathway in the hippocampus of obese rats,and provide some theoretical basis for physical activity improving obesity-related neurological disorders.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 weeks were randomly assigned to either a high-fat or a normal diet protocol for 12 weeks.Animals submitted to the high-fat diet were further divided into two groups:a sedentary group (HF-Sed) and an exercise group (HF-Ex).The rats fed the normal diet were also divided into a sedentary group (ND-Sed)and an exercise group (ND-Ex).The rats in the HF-Ex and ND-Ex groups underwent a treadmill training for 8 weeks.Then the hippocampus was isolated at 48h after the last exercise.The protein and phosphorylation levels of tau,glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β),phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt were assayed using Western blotting.Results After 12 weeks of feeding,55％ of rats in the high-fat diet group reached the conditions for the obesity model.After 8 weeks of treadmill exercises,in the HF-Sed group the phosphorylation level of tau was significanlty higher than that in the ND-Sed group,while in the HF-Ex group that was significantly lower than the HF-Sed group.Moreover,in the HF-Sed group the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Ser9 was significantly lower,and the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Tyr216 was significantly higher than the ND-Sed group,indicating the activity of GSK3β was significantly higher than the ND-Sed group.However,after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise,in the HF-Ex group the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Ser9 was signfiicantly higher,and the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Tyr216 was signficanlty lower than the HF-Sed group,indicating significantly lower activity of GSK3β than the HF-Sed group.Then,in the HF-Sed group the protein levels of PI3K p110 and p85 subunits,and the phosphorylation levels of Akt Thr308 and Ser473 were significantly lower than those in the ND-Sed group,indicating inhibited activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway.However,in the HF-Ex group the protein levels of PI3K p110 and p85 subunits and the phosphorylation levels of Akt Thr308 and Ser473 were significanlty higher than those in the HF-Sed group,showing the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway was enhanced.Conclusion Obesity induces tau hyperphosphorylation in the rats hippocampus and long-term aerobic exercises can reduce tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing PI3K/Akt pathway activity and inhibiting GSK3β activity.It has a positive effect on delaying the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and improving obesity-related neurological disorders.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Insulin Resistance in Obese Pregnant Women.

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on insulin resistance in obese pregnant women. Methodology: 60 primigravidas women between 20-24 weeks gestation diagnosed as having insulin resistance participated in this study. They were selected from the out Patient Clinic of Obstetrics at Kasr El-Aini University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Their age ranged 25-35 years, their body mass index ranged from 30-35 kg/m². Participants were assigned randomly into 2groups, participants of group (A) followed moderate restricted diet (1800-2000 kcal/day) in addition to participation in an aerobic exercise program 3 times weekly until end of 37 weeks gestation, while participants of group (B) followed moderate restricted diet (1800-2000 kcal/day) until end of 37 weeks gestation. Results: The present study revealed that aerobic exercise program produced a significant decrease (P<.001) in insulin resistance level homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) test, fasting blood glucose level & fasting insulin level than the use of moderate restricted diet. Conclusion: Aerobic exercises are effective in reducing insulin resistance in obesepregnant female if it continued throughout pregnancy.

The Effects of Aerobic Exercises on the Pulmonary Ventilation Function and Electrocardiac Activity of Simple Obesity Primary School Students / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercises on the pulmonary ventilation function and electrocardiac activity of simple obesity primary school students. Methods 30 simple obesity boy students were recruited for this study. All the subjects participated in a 12-week aerobic training program (40 min/day,4 days/week). Body composition,pulmonary function and electrocardiogram were tested at the beginning and the end of the training program. Results Decreases of fat mass and body fat ratios were found in response to the exercise stimulus (P<0.05). Free-fat mass(FFM) significantly increased. No statistically significant differences of waist hip ratio (WHR) were found. Among the pulmonary ventilation function indexes,MVV、FEV_1、V_(50)/Ht and PEFR increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Among the EEG indexes,QTd value and QTcd value decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Aerobic exercises could improve the pulmonary ventilation function of simple obesity primary school students,and had favorable regulations on electrocardiac activity.

The Effects of an Overweight Control Exercise Program in Elementary School Students

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an overweight control exercise program on body composition and blood lipids. METHOD: This comparative study was conducted at an elementary school in Seoul, Korea. Pre and post body weight, BMI, PBF, and obesity degree as body composition and TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG as blood lipids were tested. The aerobic exercise lasted 12 weeks from April to July, 2006. A total of 168 overweight 3rd grade to 5th grade school children attended and were divided into a walking exercise group (n=68) and a rope jumping exercise group (n=38). Data were analysed using SAS 8.12. RESULT: At the end of the program, the participation rate was higher in the rope jumping exercise group than in the walking exercise group. Body weight, BMI, PBF, obesity degree, TC, and LDL-C were lower than those before the program, and HDL-C was higher than before the program. CONCLUSION: The school-based overweight control exercise program was effective. Because of the participation rate was higher in the rope jumping exercise group than in the walking exercise group, rope jumping exercise is recommended for low grade children.