ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) alpha-2-macroglobulin antisense RNA 1 (A2M-AS1) targeting microRNA (miR) -106b-5p on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) -induced injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Methods Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ox-LDL group) were induced by ox-LDL, normal cultured cells were control group (Ctrl); A2M-AS1 overexpression (pcDNAA2M-AS1 group), empty vector (pcDNA group), miR-106b-5p inhibitor (anti-miR-106b-5p group), negative control (anti-miR-NC group), pcDNA-A2M-AS1 with control mimic NC (miR-NC group), pcDNA-A2M-AS1 with miR-106b-5p mimic (miR-106b-5p mimics group) were transfected into cells and treated with ox-LDL, n = 9. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of A2M-AS1 and miR-106b-5p; Kits were used to detect malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)); Flow cytometry and TUNEL detected apoptosis; Dual luciferase reporter gene assay detected A2M-AS1 and miR-106b-5p targeting; Western blotting detected Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. Results Compared with the Ctrl group, the expression level of A2M-AS1 in the ox-LDL group decreased, and the activity of SOD and CAT and the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.05), while the expression level of miR-106b-5p and the level of MDA increased (P<0.05), and the rate of apoptosis and the protein level of Bax increased (P<0.05). Overexpressing A2M-AS1 or interfering with miR-106b-5p decreased the MDA level, apoptosis rate and Bax protein level after ox-LDL-induced cells, and increased SOD, CAT activity and Bcl-2 protein level (P<0.05). A2M-AS1 targeted miR-106b-5p; upregulation of miR-106b-5p reversed the effect of overexpressed lncRNA A2M-AS1 on ox-LDL-induced injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion A2M-AS1 attenuates ox-LDL-induced injury of human brain microvascular endothelial cells by targeting miR-106b-5p.
ABSTRACT
[Objective]To explore the effect of alpha2-macroglobulin(α2M)on superoxide anion(.O2-)content, superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and the process of cell-to-myofibroblast transformation in human skin fibroblasts (HSF)after X-ray irradiation.[Methods]HSF cells were irradiated with 0,5,10,15 and 20 Gy X-ray.The change of. O2- content and SOD activity in the supernatant of cell culture medium were measured on the first day after irradiation. The protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)was detected by Western blot on the fifth day after irradia-tion.The most sensitive radiation dose is selected.HSF cells were irradiated with the above sensitive dose.Respectively, 1h before irradiation,1 h after irradiation,the experimental group cell culture medium was added to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL,0.5 mg/mL of α2M.The change of.O2-content,SOD activity and the protein expression of α-SMA were detected.[Results]HSF cells were irradiated with 5~20 Gy doses of X-ray..O2- content increased,SOD activity de-creased and α-SMA protein expression increased gradually(P<0.05).The addition of α2M at 1 h after 10Gy X-ray irradi-ation reduced the.O2- content,increased the SOD activity and downregulated the protein expression of α-SMA in HSF cells(P<0.05). There was no significant change in the administration at 1 h before irradiation.[Conclusion]HSF cells increased.O2-content significantly,while SOD activity decreased,and the tendency to transform myofibroblasts after X-ray irradiation.α2M can reduce the.O2-content,increase the SOD activity in HSF cells and inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts after irradiation.Indicating that α2M can play a role in radiation protection by anti-oxida-tion and anti-fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
A través del presente estudio se analizaron plasmas sanguíneos de seis especies, incluyendo el humano tanto en estado gestante como no gestante, identificándose por primera vez en plasma, la glicoproteína α2-Macroglobulina (α2-M) de ovino de pelo (Ovis aries) y de búfalo (Bubalus bubalis). La presencia de esta proteína en el plasma sanguíneo de todas las especies en estudio se demostró mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida usando sodio dodecilsulfato como agente denaturante (SDS PAGE) al 7.5% identificándose como bandas de 180 kDa y en forma no denaturante PAGE 5% como bandas de 720 kDa. Estas últimas bandas fueron claramente intercambiables de la forma tetramérica a la forma monomérica en los ensayos electroforéticos. Como controles se usaron la α2-M (tetramérica) y la proteína de la zona de gestación (PZP) (dimérica) purificadas a un 98%; así como, las bandas de estas dos proteínas en el plasma humano. El análisis de la secuencia del dominio N-terminal de la (α2-M) de ovino de pelo, fue muy similar al de la proteína humana purificada. Tanto la α2-M humana como la bovina llegaron a ser activadas a la forma rápida por medio de la reacción con metilamina. Lo anterior demuestra diferencias en la reactividad de las α2-M animales con la amina primaria cuando se comparan los resultados con la forma rápida de la α2-M humana. Será necesario unificar los métodos de purificación de esta proteína en todas las especies, de tal manera que los dominios sensibles de las α-macroglobulinas (tioιster y región señuelo) tengan el mismo tratamiento y el mismo grado de desnaturalización para todas las preparaciones de α2-M.
Blood plasma from six different non pregnant and pregnant species, including human blood plasma, was analyzed for detection of α2-Macroglobulin (α2-M). The tropical hair sheep (Ovis aries) and the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were studied for the first time in Colombia. The presence of the α2-M in plasma of all the species was demonstrated by SDS 7.5% PAGE as bands of 180 kDa as well as by non-denaturing 5% PAGE with bands of 720 kDa. The tetrameric form α2-M (tetramérica) and the pregnancy zone protein (PZP) (dimeric) purified at 98%, as well as its corresponding bans from human plasma were used as control. The N-terminal sequence of the band of 180 kDa in Tropical hair sheep plasma was very similar to the purified human α2-M. The results indicated the presence of α2-M in blood plasma of all the species tested, while the PZP was present only in the pregnant human plasma. Both human and bovine α2-M became activated with the fast form by reacting with Methylamine. This Fac. demonstrates the differences in the reactivity of the animal’s α2-M with primary amine as compared with the human α2-M. It could be necessary to unify purification methods into one method for all species, so that the sensitive domain of the α-macroglobulins (thiolester and bait region) receives the same treatment and grade of denaturation for all α2-M preparation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aims to detect any causative genetic alterations and to demonstrate any correlations of these genes in the pathogenesis of mostly late-occurring sporadic type of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: A total of 67 registered cases of autopsy-confirmed brain tissues were analyzed. Included here was sporadic AD (n=41), vascular dementia (n=17), and non-demented physiologically aging control brains (n=9). ApoE genotyping was done with the enzymatic digestion, and allele specific PCR was done to analyze the -491 A/T polymorphism of ApoE. Detection of polymorphism of alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) was done with enzymatic digestion and DNA sequencing. RT-PCR products were electrophoresed to detect mRNA expression of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). RESULTS: A prevalence rate of ApoE E4 genotype (E3/E4, E4/E4) showed significantly higher in patients with AD than in patients with vascular dementia (43.8% vs. 11.7%, p=0.019). Only 1 out of 4 cases of sporadic AD was associated with the E4/E4 allele. -491A/ T polymorphism of the ApoE promoter was found only in AD (2/41 cases, 4.9%). The incidence of heterozygous allelic polymorphism with 5 bp deletions in exon 18 of A2M-2 was 4.9% (2 out of 41) in AD. Messenger RNA expression of ACT, which is closely associated with the ApoE E4 allele, was increased in AD in comparison with normal control (p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: ApoE4 genotype and ACT are closely related to the pathogenesis of late-onset sporadic AD. Neither -491 polymorphism of ApoE promoter nor A2M-2 showed close association with AD in these brain samples.