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A novel chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was based on the oxidizing reaction of luminol by the trivalent copper-periodate complex (K5[Cu(HIO6)2], DPC) in alkaline medium. The CL intensity could be enhanced in the presence of amikacin sulfate (AKS). A new CL method was developed for the determination of AKS by coupling with flow injection (FI) technology. Because of the distinctive oxidative effect of DPC, the luminol-based CL reaction could occur at a low concentration of 10à7 M. The relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of AKS in the range of 4.0 ? 10à9-4.0 ? 10à6 g/mL with the detection limit of 1.2 ? 10à9 g/mL. The relative standard deviation was 2.1% for 8.0 ? 10à9 g/mL AKS (n?9). The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of AKS at the level of ng/mL in serum samples. The recovery varied from 97.0% to 106.3%. A possible mechanism of the CL reaction was discussed in detail by relating to the CL kinetic characteristics and electrochemical activities of the oxidant DPC.
ABSTRACT
<b>Objective: </b>In previously reported comparisons of aminoglycoside antimicrobials administered once daily versus multiple administration, toxicity was found to be equal or lower while efficiency remained high. However, there are few reports on the clinical condition of targeted elderly persons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the once-daily dosing regimen of 400 mg of AMK involving elderly pneumonia patients aged 75 years or older with regard to clinical evaluation including the efficacy and toxicity.<br><b>Methods: </b>A survey to clinically evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of 400 mg AMK administered once daily for 30 min at 24 h intervals was carried out. One hundred twenty-seven patients with pneumonia and who were 75 years or older at Funabashi General Hospital were targeted, with the aim of an expected clinical effect of <i>C</i><sub>max</sub>/MIC≥ 8-10. Serum concentration monitoring was carried out after administration began.<br><b>Results: </b>There were 121 patients (95.3%) of controlled AMK concentration with a trough serum concentration of <10 μg/mL, which is a safe concentration range. There were 6 patients (4.7%) where trough serum concentration in the toxic range >10 μg/mL, with an average at 15.1±5.0 μg/mL, and the average administration days were 7.5 ± 3.3 days. Moreover, before/after AMK administration, there were 3 patients (2.4%) where CRE values increased more than a 150% over the previous values, and were evaluated as renal dysfunction. Average trough serum concentration at that time was 3.6 ± 1.1 μg/mL, and average number of days of administration were 13 ± 1.4 days. Patients of trough serum concentration in the toxic range >10 μg/mL were not included. The average peak serum concentration calculated by Winter’s pharmacokinetic parameter and the 1-compartment model was 35.3 ± 8.0 μg/mL, and the average <i>C</i><sub>max</sub>/MIC which correlates with the AMK effect was 9.9 ± 2.2. The treatment was effective for 83 (65.4%) of the 127 patients.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>By once-daily administration of AMK 400 mg to aged persons 75 years or older, change in trough serum concentration into a safe range and <i>C</i><sub>max</sub>/MIC≥ 8-10, the level at which clinical effectivity can be expected, could be achieved. This administration method is shown to be useful in maintaining AMK in the target serum concentration range for aged persons.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of Tanreqing injection in combination with Piperacillin sodium and Amikacin sulfate for hospital-acquired pneumonia.METHODS:104 cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Tanreqing Injection+Piperacillin Sodium+Amikacin Sulfate(treatment group,n=52) or Piperacillin Sodium+Amikacin sulfate(control group,n=52) for 7～10days.The clinical indexes including the total effective effect,cardinal symptoms,physical signs,and chest X-ray film in two groups after treatment were observed.RESULTS:The total effective rate in the treatment group was 86.54% as compared 67.31% in control group(P
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OBJECTIVE:To establish polarimetry for the assaying of the principal agent in amikacin sulfate injection. METHODS:The optical rotation of amikacin sulfate was determined with 1dm determination tube with water as solvent at a wavelength of 589.4nm.RESULTS:The linear range of amikacin was 1～20mg/ml(r=0.9 999);The average recovery rate was 99.8%(RSD=0.89%,n=5).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,fast and accurate,and it can be used for the quality control of amikacin sulfate injection.
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PURPOSE: Prostatitis causes significant morbidity and represents a major indication for diagnostic procedures and treatment with antibiotics or other medications. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is effectively controlled by local injection of antibiotics and can be diagnosed by tissue culture. Also, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis often proves to be of bacterial origin by tissue culture. We introduced intraprostatic injection of antibiotic (amikacin sulfate) for chronic bacterial and nonbacterial prostatitis PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1996 to January 1998, we treated 42 patients complaining of prostatitis symptoms and showing >10 leukocytes/high-power field in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS). All patients had suffered prostatitis for more than 6 months and had histories of use of medications. Eight patients proved to have bacterial prostatitis and 34 patients nonbacterial prostatitis. We injected 500 mg of amikacin sulfate via the transperineal approach under the guidance of transrectal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients, 27 (64%) improved symptomatically and showed normal EPS finding. Twenty-two patients (65%) in the nonbacterial prostatitis group and 5 patients (63%) in the bacterial prostatitis group were cured, with 23 patients (85%) requiring only one or two intraprostatic injections to obtain the cure. Complications occurred during and after the procedure in eight patients: severe pain, hemospermia, gross hematuria, and dysuria. CONCLUSIONS: Intraprostatic injection of amikacin sulfate is an alternative treatment for chronic bacterial and nonbacterial prostatitis. The advantage of this therapy is that it provides high concentration of the antibiotic at the infection focus without any risk of metabolic activation.