Gossypiboma: un interesante hallazgo incidental. Presentación de un caso / Gossypiboma: aninteresting incidental finding. Presentation of a case / Gossipiboma: um achado incidental interessante. Apresentação de um caso

RESUMEN Introducción: el textiloma es un evento conocido, pero de escasa aparición. De modo más común se describen como cuerpos extraños abandonados en el cuerpo después de la cirugía. El sitio más frecuente de presentación es la cavidad abdominal, aunque la región torácica, los músculos paraespinales, los miembros inferiores y el cráneo, pueden verse comprometidos. Presentación de caso: paciente femenina de 36 años con antecedentes de cesárea un año antes y microcesárea hace dos meses por presentar un quiste mesentérico que se diagnosticó en consulta obstétrica de seguimiento. Asistió al servicio de cirugía y con la administración de anestesia combinada (general orotraqueal y regional epidural continua) se realizó laparotomía exploradora y exéresis de la lesión. El estudio anatomopatológico informó un textiloma. El postoperatorio transcurrió sin complicaciones y la paciente fue dada de alta 12 días después de la cirugía. Discusión: el textiloma es una complicación poco frecuente. En ocasiones por la escasa sospecha clínica e informes radiológicos no concluyentes, puede pasar inadvertido. El tratamiento incluye medidas de prevención y la remoción completa del mismo evita complicaciones mortales. Conclusiones: ante un paciente con tumoración abdominal y antecedentes previos de cirugía, el textiloma debe considerarse como un diagnóstico diferencial. El estudio anatomopatológico representa un examen seguro, confiable y vital para el diagnóstico certero de esta eventualidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the textilema is a known event, but of scarce appearance. They are most commonly described as foreign bodies left in the body after surgery. The most common site of presentation is the abdominal cavity, although the thoracic region, the paraspinal muscles, the lower limbs, and the skull may be involved. Case presentation: a 36-year-old female patient with a history of cesarean section a year earlier and a micro-cesarean section two months ago due to a mesenteric cyst that was diagnosed in a follow-up obstetric consultation. He attended the surgery service and with the administration of combined anesthesia (general orotracheal and continuous epidural regional) an exploratory laparotomy and exeresis of the lesion was performed. The anatomopathological study reported a textoma. The postoperative period was uncomplicated and the patient was discharged 12 days after surgery. Discussion: Textilema is a rare complication. Sometimes due to low clinical suspicion and inconclusive radiological reports, it can go unnoticed. The treatment includes preventive measures and its complete removal avoids fatal complications. Conclusions: faced with a patient with an abdominal tumor and a previous history of surgery, textiloma should be considered as a differential diagnosis. The anatomopathological study represents a safe, reliable and vital test for the accurate diagnosis of this eventuality.

RESUMO Introdução: o textilema é um evento conhecido, mas de escassa aparição. Eles são mais comumente descritos como corpos estranhos deixados no corpo após a cirurgia. O local mais comum de apresentação é a cavidade abdominal, embora a região torácica, os músculos paravertebrais, os membros inferiores e o crânio possam estar envolvidos. Apresentação do caso: paciente do sexo feminino, 36 anos, com histórico de cesariana há um ano e microcesárea há dois meses devido a cisto mesentérico diagnosticado em consulta obstétrica de acompanhamento. Atendeu ao serviço de cirurgia e com a administração de anestesia combinada (orotraqueal geral e regional peridural contínua) foi realizada laparotomia exploradora e exérese da lesão. O estudo anatomopatológico relatou textoma. O pós-operatório transcorreu sem complicações e o paciente recebeu alta 12 dias após a cirurgia. Discussão: o textilema é uma complicação rara. Às vezes, devido à baixa suspeita clínica e laudos radiológicos inconclusivos, pode passar despercebido. O tratamento inclui medidas preventivas e sua remoção completa evita complicações fatais. Conclusões: diante de um paciente com tumor abdominal e história prévia de cirurgia, o textiloma deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial. O estudo anatomopatológico representa um exame seguro, confiável e vital para o diagnóstico preciso dessa eventualidade.

Tumor de Células de Sertoli del ovario: Reporte de un caso / Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary. A case report

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores de Células de Sertoli son una entidad rara, con una frecuencia de 0,2-0,5 % del cáncer de ovario. El diagnóstico inicial de este tipo de tumores es difícil, debido a las variedades histológicas que presenta y a su diferenciación. Objetivo: Demostrar el valor del completamiento del proceso diagnóstico con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica en tumores ováricos para identificar una variante rara como el tumor de Células de Sertoli. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un caso de un tumor de ovario primitivo de Células de Sertoli en una paciente de 43 años de edad, con antecedentes personales de hipotiroidismo, intervenida quirúrgicamente por un tumor sólido del ovario derecho en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostino Neto". En el intraoperatorio, se encontró un tumor gigante de aspecto maligno. El resultado anatomopatológico informó un tumor carcinoide típico. La paciente fue remitida al Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología, donde la inmunohistoquímica de la biopsia informó un tumor de Células de Sertoli. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra asintomática. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico anatomopatológico preciso y la inmunohistoquímica correcta son muy importantes para el manejo y tratamiento de este tipo de tumor.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sertoli cell tumors are a rare entity with an incidence of ovarian cancer of 0,2-0,5 %. The initial diagnosis of this type of tumors is difficult to make due to the histological varieties and its differentiation. Objective: To demonstrate the value of immunochemical techniques in the completion of the diagnostic process of ovarian tumors aimed at identifying a rare variant such as Sertoli cell tumor. Case presentation: A 43-year old woman with a primitive Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary is presented. The patient had personal history of hypothyroidism. She underwent surgery at "Dr. Agostinho Neto" General Teaching Hospital because she had been diagnosed with a solid tumor of the right ovary. During the intraoperative period, a giant tumor with a malignant appearance was found. The pathological result reported a typical carcinoid tumor. The patient was referred to the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology where the immunohistochemistry of the biopsy reported a Sertoli cell tumor. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic. Conclusions: The accurate pathological diagnosis and the correct immunohistochemistry are very important for the management and treatment of this type of tumor.

Carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal. presentación de un caso / Carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. case presentation

Se realizó un estudio clínico anatomopatológico sobre la base de la metodología cualitativa para la descripción de un caso de carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal en el Hospital General Docente "Dr Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo en el año 2015. Se describió el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de buena salud, que acude por presentar molestia dolorosa de intensidad gravativa en región posterior izquierda lumboabdominal, se indica chequeo general y mediante la ecografía se diagnostica tumoración suprarrenal izquierda se realizó supraadrenelectomia. El resultado histopatológico señala carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal(AU)

A pathological clinical study was carried out based on the qualitative methodology for the description of a case of carcinoma of the adrenal cortex at Guantanamo General Teaching Hospital in 2015. A case of a patient with a history of good health, but presenting painful discomfort of gravel intensity in the left posterior lumbo-abdominal region is presented besides general check by ultrasound were indicated. Left adrenal tumor is diagnosed and supra adrenelectomy is performed. Histopathologic results indicate carcinoma of the adrenal cortex(AU)

Demostración histoquímica de mucina para el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones benignas y malignas de próstata / Mucin histochemistry demonstration for the differential diagnosis of prostate benign and malign lesions

Se realizó un estudio analítico y comparativo de 553 biopsias realizadas en el Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba en el período 2014-2015, con vistas a valorar la utilidad de las coloraciones histoquímicas de mucina: PAS, azul alcian (2,5 pH) y PAS-azul alcian, para diferenciar las lesiones benignas y malignas de la próstata. En la serie se obtuvo 98,4 por ciento de hiperplasias benignas positivas con el PAS y ninguna de ellas con el azul alcian, mientras que 50,9 por ciento de todos los carcinomas resultaron positivos con esta última; por el contrario, para los carcinomas bien diferenciados, la positividad con el azul alcian resultó ser de 96,3 por ciento y solo de 3,6 por ciento con el PAS. Se concluye que las coloraciones histoquímicas de mucina pueden ser usadas como herramientas para distinguir el adenocarcinoma bien diferenciado de la hiperplasia prostática

A comparative analytical study of 553 biopsies was carried out in "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2014-2015, aimed at valuating the usefulness of mucin histochemistry stains: PAS, alcian blue (2.5 pH) and PAS-alcian blue, to differentiate the prostate benign and malign lesions. In the series, 98.4 percent of positive benign hyperplasias with PAS was obtained and none of them with alcian blue, while 50.9 percen of all carcinomas were positive with the latter; on the contrary, for the well differentiated carcinomas, the positivity with alcian blue was 96.3 percen and just 3.6 percen with PAS. It was concluded that mucin histochemistry stains can be used as tools to distinguish the well differentiated adenocarcinoma from the prostatic hyperplasia

Alterações patológicas do sistema genital de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas criadas em cativeiro / Pathological changes of the genital system of agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) females bred in captivity

Este artigo apresenta relatos de sete distintas patologias de origem reprodutiva ainda não descritas em cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas, que afetaram a fertilidade ou resultaram na morte do animal. Descreveu-se a natureza, a localização e a frequência das alterações patológicas macroscópicas e histológicas dos órgãos que compõem o sistema reprodutivo de cutias fêmeas, criadas sob condições de cativeiro no semiárido do Brasil. Foram avaliados através do exame anatomopatológico o aparelho reprodutivo de trinta e nove cutias mortas naturalmente e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a maio de 2015. Destas, constatou-se alterações patológicas no sistema reprodutivo de 10 (25,6 %). No total, 13 alterações foram observadas, sendo que, em alguns animais haviam a coexistência de mais de uma alteração. Assim, as alterações patológicas encontradas foram: endometrite (n=4; 30,8%), piometra (n=3; 23%), retenção de placenta (n=2; 15,4%), maceração fetal (n=1; 7,7%), mumificação fetal (n=1; 7,7%), parto distócico (n=1; 7,7%) e ovários afuncionais (n=1; 7,7%).(AU)

This paper presents seven distinct reports diseases with reproductive origins that are not yet described in females agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758), affecting fertility or resulted in the animal's death. The nature, location and frequency of macroscopic and histological pathological changes of the organs that compose the reproductive system of female agoutis, created under conditions of captivity in the semiarid region of Brazil, are described in this article. Were evaluated by pathological examination of the reproductive tract of thirty-nine naturally dead agoutis and sent to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory in February 2010 to May 2015. From these, it was found pathological alterations in the reproductive system of 10 (25.6%). A total of 13 abnormalities were observed, and in some animals had the coexistence of more than one alteration. Thus, the pathological changes were: endometritis (n=4, 30.8%), pyometra (n=3; 23%), retained placenta (n=2; 15.4%), fetal maceration (n=1, 7.7%), fetal mummification (n=1, 7.7%), dystocia (n=1, 7.7%) and afuncionais ovary (n=1, 7.7%).(AU)

Correlation of the three-dimensional ultrasound findings with pathology in patients with deep pelvic infiltrating endometriosis submitted to surgery / Correlação dos achados da ultrassonografia tridimensional com o anatomopatológico em pacientes com endometriose pélvica infiltrativa profunda submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico

Objective: This study aims to correlate the findings of the three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography (3D-AUS) with pathological findings in patients with deep pelvic infiltrating endometriosis. Methods: Prospective study of a series of 40 patients with deep pelvic infiltrating endometriosis diagnosed by three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography and who were submitted to a laparoscopy. The specimens were examined histologically and compared with the results of the three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The research was conducted between March 2008 and March 2011. Results: The results of the examinations were: 72.5% of patients (n = 29) with endometriosis, 12.5% (n = 5) with nonspecific chronic inflammatory reaction, 5% (n = 2) with nonspecific fibrous tissue, 2.5% (n = 1) with adenomyoma, 2.5% (n = 1) with colonic mucosa with foci of recent hemorrhage, edema of lamina propria and superficial erosions, 2.5% (n = 1) with hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles, and the remaining 2.5% (n = 1) with peritoneal tissue within normal limits. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography in patients with deep pelvic infiltrating endometriosis aid in the diagnosis of rectal lesions, when compared with the pathological findings of surgical specimens.

Objetivo: Este estudo visa correlacionar os achados da ultrassonografia tridimensional com os achados anatomopatológicos em pacientes com endometriose pélvica infiltrativa profunda submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Métodos Estudo prospectivo de uma série de 40 pacientes com endometriose pélvica: infiltrativa profunda diagnosticados pela USR-3D e submetidos à videolaparoscopia. As peças cirúrgicas foram analisadas histologicamente e comparadas com os resultados das USR-3D. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre março de 2008 a março de 2011. Resultados: Os resultados dos estudos histopatológicos foram: 72,5% das pacientes (n = 29) com endometriose, 12,5% (n = 5) com reação inflamatória crônica inespecífica, 5% (n = 2) com tecido fibroso inespecífico, 2,5% (n = 1) com adenomioma, 2,5% (n = 1) com mucosa colônica com presença de focos de hemorragia recente, edema de lâmina própria e erosões superficiais, 2,5% (n = 1) com hiperplasia de folículos linfoides e o restante, 2,5% (n = 1), com tecido peritoneal dentro dos limites da normalidade. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto que a ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional em pacientes portadoras de endometriose pélvica infiltrativa profunda ajuda no diagnóstico de lesões retais, quando essa técnica é comparada com os achados anatomopatológicos das peças cirúrgicas.

A influência dos inibidores da bomba de prótons na detecção do Helicobacter pylori pelo teste rápido da urease e exame anatomopatológico / The influence of proton pump inhibitors in the detection of helicobacter pylori by urease test and anatomy pathology examination

Considerando a alta prevalência do Helicobacter pylori e os riscos vinculados à infecção crônica, métodos eficientes para detecção desta bactéria são de extrema importância. Os principais meios diagnósticos invasivos são o teste rápido da urease e o exame anatomopatológico, porém pode haver interferência devido ao uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons (IBP). Nosso objetivo é determinar se o uso dos IBP por pelo menos 7 dias antes das biópsias provoca diminuição da sensibilidade de ambos os testes na detecção do H. pylori. Método: Foram entrevistados 95 pacientes, e excluídos 30. Nos 65 pacientes válidos foi realizado o teste rápido da urease à partir de duas amostras (de antro e de corpo) e o exame histológico foi feito em 49 dos 65 pacientes a partir de biopsia do antro. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos, o primeiro que fazia uso de IBP e o segundo que não. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste qui-quadrado sendo considerado relevante um p≤0,05. Resultados: No teste da urease o grupo 1 apresentou 26,92% de positivos enquanto o grupo 2 apresentou 48,71% de positivos. No anatomopatológico o grupo 1 apresentou 31,25% de positivos e o grupo 2 53,33% de positivos. Conclusão: Em nossa pesquisa não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os dois grupos observados, porém segundo o 3º Consenso Brasileiro para Estudo do Helicobacter pylori e o American College of Gastroenterology é recomendável a suspensão dessas medicações de 7 a 14 dias antes da EDA.

Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and the risks related to its chronic infection, efficient ways to detect this bacteria are extremely important. Two of the main invasive exams are the urease test and the histology. However, they seem to be impaired by the use of Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI's). Our aim is to determine if the use of PPI's for at least 7 days before the biopsies can decrease the sensibility of rapid urease testing and histology on detecting H. pylori infection. Methods: 95 patients were interviewed, but only 65 were considered valid or this study. Those valid patients were divided in two groups, one for those in use of PPI's and the other for the remaining patients. The urease teste was applied in all patients based in two biopsies (one form the antrum and other from the body). Only 49 of those patients did the histological exam from a biopsy of the antrum. We applied the chi-square test and considered significant a p≤0,05 Results: Urease test in group 1 showed 26.92% positive while group 2 had 48.71% positive. Pathology group 1 showed 31.25% positive and group 2 53.33% positive. Conclusion: In our study no significant difference was observed between the two groups, but according to the 3rd Brazilian Consensus for Study of Helicobacter pylori and the American College of Gastroenterology is advisable to suspend these medications 7-14 days prior to the EDA.

Relación entre los hallazgos ecográficos, laparoscópicos e histológicos en pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica / Relationship between echographical, laparoscopic and histological findings in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 34 pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica, atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde octubre del 2011 hasta igual mes del 2013, con vistas a caracterizarles según algunos factores clinicoepidemiológicos y diagnósticos seleccionados, además de estimar la magnitud de la relación entre los hallazgos ecográficos, laparoscópicos y anatomopatológicos de los afectados. Se evidenció una estrecha relación de esta hepatopatía con el sobrepeso, la dislipidemia y la diabetes mellitus, así como una adecuada relación entre las alteraciones hísticas correspondientes a hígado graso no alcohólico con los hallazgos ecográficos y laparoscópicos.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 34 patients with non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis, assisted in the Gastroenterology Service of "Saturnino Lora Torres" from the Specialties Polyclinic of the Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from October, 2011 to same month of 2013, with the aim of characterizing them according to some clinical and epidemiological factors and selected diagnoses, besides estimating the magnitude of the relationship among the echographical, laparoscopic and pathological findings of those affected. A close relationship of this hepatopathy was evidenced with the overweight, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, as well as an appropriate relationship among the hystic changes corresponding to non-alcoholic fatty liver with the echographical and laparoscopic changes.

Correlación clínica y anatomopatológica de los tumores palpebrales intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el servicio de oculoplastia / Clinical and anatomopathological correlation of palpebral tumors operated on at the oculoplasty service

OBJETIVO: caracterizar la correlación clínica y anatomopatológica de las lesiones tumorales palpebrales. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en los pacientes con tumores palpebrales intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período de enero a septiembre de 2011. La muestra quedó constituida por 196 pacientes operados de las diferentes tumoraciones palpebrales, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Las variables que se utilizaron fueron: edad, sexo, color de la piel, localización de los tumores palpebrales malignos, calidad de la exéresis quirúrgica y correspondencia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: el grupo de edad de mayor porcentaje fue el de 65 años y más, con 38 %, así como el sexo femenino con 63 %. Fue mayor el número de pacientes de piel blanca, con 85 %. Coexistió correspondencia clínica y anatomopatológica en el 65 % de los casos con tumoraciones benignas, y en las malignas con el 71 %. En la mayoría de los casos la exéresis de la lesión fue completa. CONCLUSIONES: existe correspondencia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el anatomopatológico de las tumoraciones palpebrales, la cual es superior en los tumores malignos.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the clinical and pathological correlation of eyelid tumor lesions. METHODS: a retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in patients with eyelid tumors surgically treated at the Ocular Plastic Surgery Department of "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period from January to September 2011. The sample consisted of 196 patients operated on from different eyelid tumors , who met the inclusion criteria. The variables used were age, sex, race, location of malignant eyelid tumors, quality of the surgical resection quality and correspondence between the clinical and the pathological diagnoses. RESULTS: the largest age group was the 65 years-old percent and older with 38 %, and females accounted for 63 %. The Caucasian patients represented 85%. There was clinical and pathological correspondence in 65 % of patients with benign tumors and in 71 % of malignancies. Excision of the lesion was complete in most of cases. CONCLUSIONS: there was correspondence between the clinical and the pathological diagnoses of eyelid tumors, being higher in malignant tumors.

Anatomopathological characterization of placentas from HIV+ patients associated with p24 expression / Caracterização anatomopatológica da placenta de pacientes HIV+ associada à expressão do p24

INTRODUCTION: The study of placentas from pregnant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women has become the subject of numerous studies in the literature. Morphological, viral, immune and inflammatory placental aspects have been analyzed in order to grasp the vertical transmission of the virus. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent findings in the placentas by associating them with a viral antigen and correlating them with the infection of newborns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five placentas from HIV- positive pregnant women were pathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed with the use of p24 antibody in the period from 1992 to1997 in accordance with the routine laboratory testing from the Anatomopathological Department - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro - Universidade Federal Fluminense (APD/HUAP/UFF). RESULTS: The microscopic alterations detected in all cases, including those with vertical transmission, were arteriopathy in the fetal blood circulation, chorioamnionitis, perivillous fibrin deposition, syncytial knotting, villous edema and villous immaturity. No specific macroscopic or histopathological changes were found in these placentas. The neonatal infection was observed in five cases. Vertical transmission was identified in two out of five placentas that had low weight for the respective stage of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed 14 positive cases, two of which showed vertical transmission. The viral protein was not identified in 10 out of 14 placentas from patients who had been medicated with zidovudine (AZT). CONCLUSION: Our study has contributed to the anatomopathological investigation into placentas from HIV-positive patients, although p24 expression per se did not allow a definite and early diagnosis of the vertical transmission.

INTRODUÇÃO: A importância do estudo da placenta de gestantes com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) soropositivas tornou-se alvo de inúmeros trabalhos na literatura. Aspectos morfológicos, virais, imunes e inflamatórios intrínsecos ao tecido placentário foram analisados para o entendimento da transmissão vertical do vírus. OBJETIVO: Identificar as lesões mais frequentes nas placentas, associando-as ao antígeno viral e correlacionando-as com a infecção dos recém-nascidos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trinta e cinco placentas de gestantes HIV soropositivas foram analisadas por estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico, utilizando o anticorpo p24, no período de 1992 a 1997, segundo a rotina do laboratório do Serviço Anatomia Patológica/Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro/Universidade Federal Fluminense (SAP/HUAP/UFF). RESULTADOS: As alterações microscópicas registradas em todos os casos, inclusive nos de transmissão vertical, foram arteriopatia no circuito vascular fetal, corionamnionite, depósito fibrinoide perivilositário, excesso de nós sinciciais, edema do estroma viloso e dismaturidade vilosa. Nenhuma alteração microscópica ou macroscópica específica do HIV foi encontrada nas placentas. A infecção neonatal pôde ser constatada em cinco casos. A transmissão vertical foi identificada em duas placentas entre cinco que tinham baixo peso para a idade gestacional. Análise da imuno-histoquímica do p24 mostrou 14 casos positivos, dois dos quais apresentaram transmissão vertical. A proteína viral não foi identificada em 10 das 14 placentas cujas pacientes foram medicadas com zidovudina (AZT). CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo contribuiu para o estudo anatomopatológico da placenta de pacientes soropositivas para o HIV, porém a expressão do p24 por si só não permitiu um diagnóstico definitivo e precoce da transmissão vertical.

Carcinoma de células renales: estadificación prequirúrgica por tomografía computada y su analogía con la anatomía patológica / Renal cell carcinoma: preoperative staging by computed tomography and its analogy to pathology

Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación entre la estadificación preoperatoria de los carcinomas de células renales usando tomografía computada y los resultados anatomopatológicos de la pieza operatoria. Materiales y Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo entre los años 2005 y 2011, tomando un total de 40 pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de carcinoma de células renales (CCR) del Servicio de Urología, que habían sido sometidos a nefrectomía total o parcial. Se compararon diferentes parámetros del estudio imagenológico (tomografía computada) y anatomopatológico de cada paciente y se evaluó qué reciprocidad existía entre la estadificación pre y posoperatoria según el TNM. Resultados. Los datos obtenidos mediante el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza operatoria mostraron 28 lesiones limitadas al riñón (estadios T1 y T2), 3 lesiones con extensión perirrenal y a la vena renal (estadio T3a), 7 lesiones con compromiso de la vena cava (estadio T3b) y 2 lesiones con extensión más allá de la fascia de Gerota (estadio T4). Se encontró una fuerza de concordancia casi perfecta entre la estadificación tomográfica y anatomopatológica (kappa = 0,87) con respecto al criterio T del TNM. Sólo 2 T1b (por estudio anatomopatológico) fueron sobrediagnosticados como T2 (según tomografía computada) y 2 T3b (según estudio anatomopatológico) se subdiagnosticaron como T3a (según tomografía computada). Conclusión. La tomografía computada proporciona una buena delimitación y caracterización del carcinoma de células renales. El nivel de concordancia con el patrón de referencia más fiable (anatomía patológica) resultó casi perfecto (k = 0,87) para la estadificación del estadio T.

Objective. To evaluate the correlation between the preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma by computed tomography (CT) and histopathologic results of the surgical specimen. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study has been carried out in a total of 40 patients from our urology department with suspected diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had undergone total or partial nephrectomy between 2005 and 2011. We compared different parameters of imaging (CT) and pathological studies of each patient and assessed the reciprocal relationship between pre-and postoperative staging according to TNM. Results. Data obtained by pathological examination of the resected specimen showed 28 lesions limited to the kidney (stages T1 and T2), 3 lesions with perirenal extension and renal vein (stage T3a), 7 lesions with involvement of the vena cava (stage T3b) and 2 lesions with extension beyond Gerota's fascia (stage T4). We found an almost perfect strength of agreement between tomographic and pathologic staging (kappa = 0.87), with respect to T of the TNM criteria. Only two T1b (by pathological study) were overdiagnosed as T2 (by computed tomography) and two T3b (by pathological study) were underdiagnosed as T3a (by CT). Conclusion. Computed tomography provides a good delineation and characterization of renal cell carcinoma. The level of agreement with the most reliable reference standard (pathological study) was almost perfect (k = 0.87) for the staging of T stage.

Carcinoma secretor de la mama en una anciana / Breast secreting carcinoma in an elderly

Se presenta el caso clínico de una anciana de 85 años de edad, de la raza negra, quien acudió a la consulta de Cirugía del Hospital General "Joseph N. France" de Saint Kitts y Nevis, con lesión nodular en el cuadrante superointerno de la mama izquierda. Los hallazgos anatomopatológicos confirmaron el diagnóstico de un carcinoma secretor en dicha mama.

The case report of a 85 year-old woman of the black race who visited the Surgery Department of "Joseph N. France" General Hospital from Saint Kitts and Nevis, with a nodular lesion in the upper inner quadrant of her left breast is presented. The pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of a secreting carcinoma in the breast.

Correlación diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico en cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal / Clinical and histopathological correlation in endoscopic sinus surgery

Introducción: El estudio histopatológico de muestras obtenidas mediante cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal (CENS) es rutinaria en muchos centros hospitalarios, sin embargo, los reportes de sus resultados y el análisis de su real utilidad clínica son escasos en la literatura publicada. Objetivos: Describir y analizar el estudio de la anatomía patológica obtenida mediante CENS y conocer la correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico y la histopatología. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante revisión de fichas clínicas y recolección de datos anatomopatológicos, intervenciones por CENS en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de los resultados histopatológicos fueron diferentes formas de rinosinusutis crónica (RSC) representando 65,67 por ciento (RSC simple, alérgica, poliposa alérgica y no alérgica). Entre los hallazgos con menor frecuencia destacan: papiloma invertido (4,9(0) por ciento), pólipo antrocoanal (9,31(0) por ciento), rinosinusitis fúngica no invasiva (2,45(0) por ciento) y 7 casos de patología maligna. Con respecto a la correlación clínica e histopatológica, se encontró para RSC una concordancia del 92,15 por ciento, para RSC poliposa del 95,94 por ciento y en pólipos antrocoanales 85,71 por ciento. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los resultados obtenidos fueron distintas formas de inflamación crónica de la mucosa nasosinusal. Se encontró una fuerte correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico y la histopatología, sin embargo, la aparición no excepcional de patología maligna inclina la conducta hacia el uso rutinario de solicitud de biopsia.

Introduction: Histopathological examination of samples obtained by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is routine in many hospitals, however, results reports and effective analysis of its clinical utility are scarce in the literature. Aim: To describe and analyze the pathological study in ESS. Furthermore, recognize the correlation between histopathology and clinical diagnosis. Material and method: A cross-sectional study by reviewing medical records and collecting data from ESS interventions in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital was performed. Results: Most of the diagnoses were different forms of chronic rinosinusutis (CRS), representing 65.67 percent(simple, allergic and polypoid). Among the most common are unusual findings: inverted papilloma (4.9 percent), antrochoanal polyp (9.31 percent), fungal non-invasive rhinosinusitis (2.45 percent) and 7 cases of malignancy. Clinical and histopathologic correlation found for CRS was 92.15 percent 95.94 percent in nasal polyposis and 85.71percent in antrochoanal polyps. Conclusions: Most of the results were different forms of chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa. A strong correlation between clinical diagnosis and histopathology was found, however, the onset of not exceptional malignant disease suggest the routine use of biopsy.

Relación diagnóstico y supervivencia en el cáncer de colon / Relation between diagnosis and survival in the colon cancer

Introducción. La incidencia del cáncer de colon ha aumentado en las últimas décadas como resultado del envejecimiento de las poblaciones, tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo, por lo que se ha convertido en un problema de salud mundial. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre los criterios diagnósticos anatomopatológicos del adenocarcinoma de colon y la supervivencia de los pacientes operados a causa de esta enfermedad. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 192 pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital Provincial Universitario Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba durante el quinquenio 2000-2004 por presentar cáncer de colon, los cuales tuvieron un seguimiento posoperatorio de un lustro. Resultados. Predominaron los pacientes mayores de 49 años, el sexo femenino y los tumores localizados en el colon derecho. Según la clasificación de Dukes, Astler y Coller, la mayoría correspondió al estadio B y la supervivencia más prolongada al B1. Los tumores moderadamente diferenciados fueron los más numerosos, aunque la supervivencia resultó superior en los bien diferenciados. Respecto a la clasificación TNM, aunque primó el estadio II, en el I se alcanzó la mayor sobrevida. La supervivencia global fue de 3 años. Conclusiones. La mayor supervivencia en el cáncer de colon se logra cuando los pacientes son operados en estadios evolutivos poco avanzados, tumores bien diferenciados y localizados en el colon derecho. Mediante un programa efectivo para la detección precoz de esta neoplasia en el nivel primario de atención, se podrían disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta causa.

Introduction. The colon cancer incidence has increased in the last decades as a result of the populations aging in both developed and developing countries. That is why it has become a world health problem. Objective. To determine the relation between the pathological diagnosis criteria of the colon adenocarcinoma and survival of patients surgically treated due to this disease. Methods. A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 192 patients surgically treated due to colon cancer at Saturnino Lora Provincial University Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the quinquennium 2000-2004. These subjects had a postoperative follow-up for five years. Results. Patients aged over 49, female sex, and malignancies located in the right colon were predominant. According to Dukes´, Astler´s, and Coller´s classification, most subjects belonged to B stage and the most long-term survival belonged to B1 stage. Moderately differentiated malignancies were most numerous, although survival was higher for those well-differentiated. Taking into account the Thyroid Node Metastasis´ classification, the higher survival was achieved at stage I, although stage II was predominant. Global survival was equivalent to 3 years. Conclusions. The higher colon cancer survival is achieved if patients are surgically treated when having less advanced evolutionary stages of the disease, well-differentiated malignancies, and tumors located in the right colon. Morbidity and mortality due to this cause could be decreased through an effective program for the early detection of this neoplasia at the primary health care level.

Sensibilidade do método ultrassonográfico no diagnóstico da apendicite / Sensitivity of ultrassonografic method for the diagnosis of appendicitis

Introdução: o diagnóstico pré-operatório da apendicite aguda foi significativamente alterado devido ao advento da tecnologia de imagem. A ultrassonografia (USG) surgiu como um método de boa sensibilidade, e de fácil acesso, tendo contribuído de forma decisiva para o diagnóstico da afecção aqui estudada. Objetivo: verificar a sensibilidade da USG no diagnóstico das apendicites dos pacientes atendidos no HRAV ? Hospital Regional do Alto Vale. Método: de abril de 2009 a abril de 2010 foram avaliados os pacientes com dor abdominal nos quais a apendicite se apresentava como a principal hipótese diagnóstica. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os pacientes com dor abdominal atendidos no pronto socorro do HRAV, que se submeteram ao USG de abdome e que posteriormente foram operados. Quando o resultado da USG era positivo estava indicada a laparotomia. Nos casos em que o resultado do exame de USG era negativo, mas que ao exame físico houvesse sinais de irritação peritoneal, também se procedia à abordagem cirúrgica. Após a apendicectomia, os apêndices foram encaminhados ao anatomopatológico para confirmação da real patologia que levou à cirurgia e assim constatando a sensibilidade do método de imagem. Resultados: foram abordados 121 pacientes que contemplavam os critérios de inclusão para suspeita de apendicite. Evidenciou-se 83,5% de sensibilidade do método ultrassonográfico. Conclusão: a sensibilidade da USG realizada no HRAV no diagnóstico das apendicites, comparável aos resultados encontrados na literatura, foi relevante. Justifica-se assim, a utilização deste método como auxiliar na abordagem dos pacientes suspeitos.

Introduction: the pre-operative diagnosis of acute appendicitis was significantly altered due to the advent of image technology. The ultrasonography (USG) emerged as a sensitive and easily accessible method, having decisively contributed to the diagnosis of this affection. Objective: to verify the accuracy of USG in diagnosing appendicitis in patients treated at the HRAV ? Hospital Regional do Alto Vale. Method: from April 2009 to April 2010, patients with abdominal pain in whom appendicitis was shown as the primary diagnostic hypothesis were evaluated. Patients with abdominal pain treated at the HRAV?s emergency room, who subjected themselves to abdominal USG and were later operated, were included in this research. When USG was positive, laparotomy was indicated. In cases where the USG test result was negative, but physical examination showed peritoneal irritation, a surgical approach was also indicated. After the appendectomy, the appendixes were taken to anatomopathological analysis to confirm the real pathology that led to surgery, consequently proving the sensitivity of the image method. Findings: 121 patients who met the inclusion criteria for suspicion of appendicitis were approached. It was certified 83,5% of sensitivity in the ultrasonographic method. Conclusion: the sensitivity of the USG in diagnosing appendicitis at the HRAV, compared to results found in literature, was significant. Thus,the utilization of this method as auxiliary in approaching suspected patients is justified.

Hallazgos anatomopatológicos en pacientes con disfunción biliar / Pathological findings in patients with biliary dysfunction

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 84 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital General Docente D Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba desde enero de 2010 hasta igual mes de 2011, a los cuales se realizó colecistectomía por presentar manifestaciones clínicas de disfunción biliar; pero después de extirparles la vesícula, acudieron a la consulta externa de la especialidad con dolor abdominal y cuadros diarreicos, entre otros síntomas y signos. En busca de datos más precisos, se comparó el diagnóstico preoperatorio con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, de donde se derivó que a pesar de que en muchos casos no coincidían, ello no obstaculizó la obtención de resultados satisfactorios en los integrantes de la casuística.

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study with 84 patients assisted at Gastroenterology Service from Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to January, 2011. These patients underwent a colecistectomy for having clinical manifestations of biliary dysfunction. After removing the gallbladder, patients having abdominal pain and diarrhea, among other symptoms and signs, attended the outpatient department related to this speciality. Searching for precise data, the pre-surgical diagnosis was compared to the pathological findings, in which case it was concluded that, in spite of many cases did not match, this fact did not hinder the obtaining of satisfactory results in the case material.

Algunas variables de interés para un equipo multidisciplinario regional en el nódulo eutiroideo asociado a la gestación / Euthyroid nodule associated with pregnancy, some interesting variables for a regional multidisciplinary team

El 4 por ciento de la población tiene un nódulo tiroideo, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres fértiles, se reconoce la gestación como factor acelerador de malignidad. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo para distinguir aspectos diagnóstico-epidemiológicos relacionados con la evolución final del nódulo eutiroideo asociado a la gestación, en una consulta clínico/obstétrica regional en el oeste de la Habana desde enero 2004-octubre 2009; se definió: edad según número de embarazos previos, tamaño ultrasonográfico del nódulo atendiendo al tiempo gestacional, complicaciones materno/fetales y grupo étnico, más diagnóstico anatomopatológico final. Se muestrearon por conveniencia 90 gestantes empleando criterios clínicos/ultrasonográficos de nódulo tiroideo normofuncionante. Predominaron las pacientes entre 25-29 años y 72,5 por ciento tuvo 2 o más gestaciones previas, con pocos hijos, y coeficiente de correlación significativo para la edad según número de gestaciones previas. Presentaron al 2do semestre medidas ecográficas nodulares mayores de 2 cm, 33 gestantes, aumentando de tamaño según tiempo gestacional por coeficiente de correlación intraclase calculado. Hipertensión gestacional llevó significación entre las complicaciones, presentaron mayor número las gestantes de etnia negra. No fue concluyente 27,5 por ciento de las BAAF, con sensibilidad diagnóstica del 72,5 por ciento. Aunque al final de la gestación la enfermedad nodular del tiroides curse sin complicaciones materno/fetales, estas pacientes son jóvenes, sin buen control de la fecundidad lo que pudiera aumentar el riesgo de malignidad tiroidea indistintamente de los medios empleados para su diagnóstico, constituyen el estado funcional glandular una importante variable independiente de riesgo

The 4,96 percent of the population presenting with a thyroid nodule with a great prevalence in fertile women, recognizing the pregnancy as a malignancy accelerator factor. A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted to characterize diagnostic-epidemiological features related to final course of euthyroid nodule associated with pregnancy in patients seen in a regional clinical-obstetrical consultation of the Havana's west from January, 2004 to October, 2009, identifying age according to number of previous pregnancies, nodule size by US y pregnancy time, mother/fetal complications and ethnic group and more anatomical-pathological diagnoses. By convenience 90 pregnants were sampled using clinical and ulrasonography criteria of the thyroid normofunctional nodule. There were predominance of patients aged between 25-29 and the 72.5 percent had two or more previous pregnancies with a few children and a significant correlation coefficient for age according to previous pregnants. At the second trimester they had nodular echography measures more than 2 cm (33 pregnants) increasing the size according to the gestational time y estimated intra-class correlation coefficient . Gestational high blood pressure was significant among the complications, with more black pregnants. The 27,5 percent of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was not conclusive with a diagnostic sensitivity of 72,5 percent. Although at the end of pregnancy the nodular thyroid disease has not mother/fetal complications, these patients are young without a good control of fertility leading to an increase of thyroid malignancy risk, unlike the methods used for its diagnosis, the glandular functional status is a significant independent risk variable

É o exame anatomopatológico de rotina indispensável em cirurgias orificiais / Is the histopathologic examination essential in orificial sugeries

Introdução: O exame anatomopatológico é feito rotineiramente em cirurgias orificiais e é importante para diagnosticar doenças anais concomitantes, lesões malignas e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis não previstas anteriormente no exame clínico. O gasto com estes exames é bastante significativo para o serviço público o que evidencia a necessidade de avaliar o custo/benefício da sua utilização rotineira. Objetivos: Avaliar o tempo decorrido entre a entrega do material e a emissão do laudo, o nível de concordância entre a impressão diagnóstica e a conclusão do anatomopatológico, a importância clínica das patologias diagnosticadas secundariamente, o custo de realização dos exames e a relação custo/benefício dos mesmos. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 173 exames anatomopatológicos de pacientes do Hospital Universitário de Aracaju realizados de 2005 a 2007, que foram submetidos à cirurgias orificiais. Resultados: O nível de concordância entre a impressão diagnóstica e a conclusão do anatomopatológico foi elevada e, dos laudos discordantes, poucos apresentaram relevância clínica, havendo somente um caso de neoplasia anorretal. Houve um atraso significativo na emissão dos laudos, sugerindo sobrecarga do serviço e o custo/benefício para realização dos exames foi desfavorável. Conclusão: Sugerimos triagem para um uso racional e criterioso do exame anatomopatológico em cirurgias orificiais baseada na história clínica e fatores de risco do paciente.

Introduction: The histopathologic examination is repeatedly done in orificial surgeries and it's important to diagnose anal diseases associated, malign lesions and sexually transmitted diseases that weren't previously predicted on the clinic examination. The cost of the histopathologic examinations is very significant to the public health service, which shows the need to do a cost-benefit analysis of their routine use. Objectives: Evaluate the time between the surgical specimen's delivery and the emission of the histopathologic examination's report, the concordance level between the clinic impression and the histopathologic examination's report, the clinical relevance of the diseases secondarily diagnosed, the cost of the histopathologic examinations and the cost-benefit analysis of them. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study of 173 histopathologic examinations from patients of the Hospital Universitário de Aracaju made from 2005 to 2007, that were submitted to orificial surgeries. Results: High concordance level between the clinic impression and the histopathologic examination's report; from the discordants reports, a few had clinical relevance and was only one case of anal cancer. There was a significant delay on the reports' emission, which suggests that the pathology service is overloaded; and the cost-benefit analysis was unfavorable. Conclusions: We suggest screening to a rational and judicious use of the histopathologic examination in orificial surgeries based on the patient's clinical history and risk factors.

Stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions: clinical-pathological compatibility in 60 patients / Biopsia estereotáctica para lesões intracranianas: compatibilidade clínico patológica em 60 casos

OBJECTIVE: Image guided stereotactic biopsy (SB) provides cerebral tissue samples for histological analysis from minimal lesions or those that are located in deep regions, being crucial in the elaboration of therapeutic strategies, as well as the prevention of unnecessary neurosurgical interventions. METHOD: Sixty patients with central nervous lesions underwent SB from November 1999 to March 2008. They were followed up to 65 months. Preoperative diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and neuro-radiological features, pathologic diagnosis, clinical outcome. The compatibility of these findings with the pathologic diagnosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Considering diagnosis confirmation when inflammatory hypothesis were made, our accuracy was of 76 percent, with 94 percent of those cases having clinic-pathological correspondence after an average of 65.2 months of follow up. Considering diagnosis confirmation with the preoperative hypothesis of neoplasm, our accuracy was of 69 percent with 90 percent of these cases having clinic-pathological correspondence after an average of 47.3 months of follow-up. Morbidity rate was of 5 percent and mortality was zero. The diagnosis rate was 95 percent. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic biopsy represents a safe and precise method for diagnosis. Anatomic and histopathological analyses have high compatibility with long-term clinical outcome.

OBJETIVO: A biopsia estereotáctica (BE) guiada por imagem propicia amostras de tecido cerebral para análises histológicas, sendo decisiva na estratégia terapêutica e prevenção de intervenções neurocirúrgicas desnecessárias. MÉTODO: 60 pacientes com lesões do sistema nervoso central foram submetidos à biópsia estereotáctica no período de novembro de 1999 a março de 2008. Foram analisados a acurácia do método, a capacidade de confirmar o diagnóstico clínico pré-operatório e o comportamento evolutivo com sua compatibilidade com o diagnóstico patológico. RESULTADOS: As três lesões mais freqüentes foram: neoplasias neuroepiteliais, processos inflamatórios e infecções. Considerando a confirmação diagnóstica quando pensava-se em lesão inflamatória, nossa acurácia foi 76 por cento, com 94 por cento destes casos tendo compatibilidade clínico patológica após média de 65,2 meses de acompanhamento. Considerando a confirmação diagnóstica com a hipótese pré-operatória de lesão neoplásica, nossa acurácia foi 69 por cento, com 90 por cento destes casos tendo compatibilidade clínico-patológica após média de 47,3 meses de acompanhamento. O índice de morbidade foi 5 por cento. A mortalidade foi nula e o índice de diagnóstico foi 95 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A biopsia estereotáctica é um método seguro e preciso para o diagnóstico. O exame anátomo-patológico possui alta compatibilidade com a evolução clínica dos doentes a longo prazo.