Correlation of cognitive function and clinical characteristics in adolescent depressive disorder patients with self-injury behavior / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and addiction, impulsivity, and anhedonia in adolescent depressive disorder patients with self-injury behavior.Methods:From September 2021 to October 2022, adolescents with depressive disorders who visited the outpatient department of the Qingdao Mental Health Center were enrolled and divided into self-injury group and non self-injury group based on the presence or absence of self-injury behaviors, each with 60 participants.A self-compiled general information questionnaire, the 17 items Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), the Ottawa self-injury inventory (OSI), the Chinese version of the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), and the temporal experience of pleasure scale(TEPS) were used to evaluate both groups.The Chinese brief cognitive test(C-BCT) was used to assess cognitive function in both groups.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including t-test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The self-injury group had higher scores for OSI addiction factors (9.43±8.29) and BIS-11 (67.09±11.48) compared to the non self-injury group (OSI addiction factor scores: 0, BIS-11 scores: 53.70±7.12, t=6.22, 5.91, both P<0.05). TEPS score and C-BCT scores in various dimensions were lower in the self-injury group than those in the non self-injury group ( t=-2.93, -2.01, -2.88, -2.20, -5.35, all P<0.05). Information processing speed was negatively correlated with BIS-11 score ( r=-0.296, P<0.05), and attention score were negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.303, -0.561, both P<0.05) and positively correlated with TEPS score ( r=0.364, P<0.05), including a positive correlation with the scale of anticipatory anhedonia score ( r=0.318, P<0.05). Working memory score was negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.312, -0.416, both P<0.05). Comprehensive ability and executive function scores were negatively correlated with OSI addiction factor score and BIS-11 score ( r=-0.308, -0.679, both P<0.05), and positively correlated with TEPS score ( r=0.304, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BIS-11 scores were influencing factors of C-BCT dimensions ( β=-0.260, -0.592, -0.557, -1.797, t=-2.150, -3.314, -2.285, -5.165, all P<0.05). Conclusion:In adolescent depressive patients with self-injury, cognitive function is correlated with addiction, impulsivity and anhedonia, among which impulsivity is a risk factor for cognitive function.

Correlation between social and physical anhedonia and intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the social and physical anhedonia and its relationship to intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:One hundred and twenty-five stable schizophrenic patients from three psychiatric hospitals in Hefei, Wuhu and Beihai, and 101 healthy controls from same communities were recruited.All subjects completed Chinese version of revised social anhedonia scale(RSAS-C), Chinese version of revised physical anhedonia scale(RPAS-C) and intrinsic motivation inventory for schizophrenia research(IMI-SR), while positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) and Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia(CDSS) were used to assess the clinical symptoms of schizophrenic patients.All analyses were conducted by SPSS 26.0 software.The Mann-Whitney U test and covariance analysis were used for comparison between the groups, and Spearman correlation and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association between the anhedonia and intrinsic motivation in schizophrenics. Results:Compared with controls, the RSAS-C (10.00(6.00, 14.00) vs 11.00(8.00, 15.00), Z=-2.187, P<0.05) and RPAS-C (12.00(7.50, 20.00) vs 16.00(10.00, 23.00), Z=-3.026, P<0.01) scores in patients were higher, but the differerce between the groups disappeared after controlling age, sex and years of education.The IMI-SR perceived choice subscore (31.00(28.00, 39.00 vs 36.00(31.00, 42.00), Z=-3.172, P<0.01) were lower, while value/usefulness subscores (41.00(35.00, 45.00) vs 36.00(32.00, 42.00), Z=-3.387, P<0.01) were higher in patients than those in controls, and there was no significant difference between the total score and interest/enjoyment subscore(both P<0.05). In patents, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the RSAS-C and RPAS-C scores were significant negatively correlated with the IMI-SR total scores and interest/enjoyment subscore, perceived choice and value/usefulness( r=-0.193--0.364, all P<0.05), which still existed after controlling age, sex, years of education, course of disease, antipsychotic dose, and scores of PANSS and CDSS.Logistic regression analysis showed that the score of RSAS-C( B=-0.096, 95% CI=0.836-0.998, P=0.025) and perceived choice subscore( B=-0.110, 95% CI=0.823-0.974, P=0.010) had negative effects on the IMI-SR total score. Conclusion:There is a correlation between anhedonia and intrinsic motivation in patients with schizophrenia, the higher the social anhedonia, the lower the intrinsic motivation to participate in cognitive activities, suggesting that intervention for social anhedonia may have significance in improving the intrinsic motivation of patients with cognitive rehabilitation therapy.

Progress in magnetic resonance imaging study of anhedonia and suicidal behavior in depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Many studies have found a correlation between suicidal behavior (SB) and anhedonia, the main symptom of depression, in terms of both psychological and neurophysiological findings. The purpose of this review is to find the relationship between the two neuroimaging mechanisms, and to provide help for the future study of how the brain imaging changes can promote the mechanism of SB in depression patients with anhedonia symptoms. This review also emphasizes the necessity of intervention for the symptoms of anhedonia when preventing depression from committing suicide. The latest research results were reviewed about anhedonia in depression and magnetic resonance imaging of SB.The results showed that the default network, insula, lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, ventral striatum gyrus, ventral lateral and dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus, thalamus and habenula nucleus were dysfunction in depression with state anhedonia symptoms, affecting SB in terms of mood, execution, reward and aversion processing, especially the low lethal SB.

High efficiency of left superior frontal gyrus and the symptom features of major depressive disorder / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with anhedonia tend to have a poor prognosis. The underlying imaging basis for anhedonia in MDD remains largely unknown. The relationship between nodal properties and anhedonia in MDD patients need to be further investigated. Herein, this study aims to explore differences of cerebral functional node characteristics in MDD patients with severe anhedonia (MDD-SA) and MDD patients with mild anhedonia (MDD-MA) before and after the antidepressant treatment.@*METHODS@#Ninety participants with current MDD were recruited in this study. 24-Item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were used to assess the severity of depression and anhedonia at baseline and the end of 6-months treatment. The MDD patients who scored above the 25th percentile on the SHAPS were assigned to an MDD-SA group (n=19), while those who scored below the 25th percentile were assigned to an MDD-MA group (n=18). All patients in the 2 groups received antidepressant treatment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images of all the patients were collected at baseline and the end of 6-months treatment. Graph theory was applied to analyze the patients' cerebral functional nodal characteristics, which were measured by efficiency (ei) and degree (ki).@*RESULTS@#Repeated measures 2-factor ANCOVA showed significant main effects on group on the ei and ki values of left superior frontal gyrus (LSFG) (P=0.003 and P=0.008, respectively), and on the ei and ki values of left medial orbital-frontal gyrus (LMOFG) (P=0.004 and P=0.008, respectively). Compared with the MDD-MA group, the significantly higher ei and ki values of the LSFG (P=0.015 and P=0.021, respectively), and the significantly higher ei and ki values of the LMOFG (P=0.015 and P=0.037, respectively) were observed in the MDD-SA group at baseline. Meanwhile, higher SHAPS scores could result in higher ei and ki values of LSFG (P=0.019 and P=0.026, respectively), and higher ei value of LMOFG (P=0.040) at baseline; higher SHAPS scores could result in higher ei values of LSFG (P=0.049) at the end of 6-months treatment. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex were negatively correlated with the ei and ki values of LSFG (r= -0.014, P=0.004; r=-1.153, P=0.001, respectively). The onset age of MDD was negatively correlated with the ki value of LSFG (r=-0.420, P=0.034) at the end of 6-months treatment. We also found that SHAPS scores at baseline were positively correlated with the HAMD-24 scores (r=0.387, P=0.022) at the end of 6-months treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are obvious differences in nodal properties between the MDD-SA and the MDD-MA patients, such as the high ei of LSFG in the MDD-SA patients, which may be associated with the severity of anhedonia. These nodal properties could be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of MDD. The increased ei and ki values in the LSFG of MDD-SA patients may underlie a compensatory mechanism or protective mechanism. The mechanism may be an important component of the pathological mechanism of MDD-SA. The poor prognosis in the MDD-SA patients suggests that anhedonia may predict a worse prognosis in MDD patients. Sex and onset age of MDD may affect the nodal properties of LSFG at baseline and the end of 6-months treatment.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS-Br)

Abstract Introduction: Anhedonia is a critical symptom of major depressive disorder that is defined as the reduced ability to experience pleasure. The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) is commonly used to measure anhedonia and has exhibited satisfactory reliability. Objectives: We aim to perform cross-cultural adaptation of a Brazilian version of the TEPS and evaluate its psychometric properties. Method: The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to previously established protocols. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was used to establish the degree of interrelation and coherence of items. Also, we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient to determine the stability of the scale after a proposed interval had elapsed and used exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the scale's factor structure and content validity. Principal component analysis was used to determine the factors to be retained in the factor model. Results: The participants reported that the Brazilian version of the TEPS had good comprehensibility and applicability. The results revealed a statistically significant correlation between measures. The intraclass correlation coefficient calculated was significant. The Cronbach's alpha value calculated indicated that the scale's overall internal consistency was adequate. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the TEPS scale proposed achieved good comprehensibility for the Brazilian population and its psychometric characteristics demonstrated good reliability and validity.

Psychometric properties the of Brazilian Portuguese version of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS)

Abstract Introduction Anhedonia is defined as the reduced ability to feel pleasure and is a core symptom of various psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) was developed to assess the presence of anhedonia. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SHAPS. Methods In this study, the SHAPS (14 items) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and validated using data obtained from 228 subjects within a clinical sample. Psychometric properties were assessed using item response theory (logistic models) and classical test theory (Cronbach's alpha). We checked for external validity using a non-parametric correlation with an independent scale: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression subscale (HAD-D). Results The SHAPS presented good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.759 and adequacy to an IRT 1 parameter logistic (Rasch) model. The SHAPS presented significant correlation with the external measure HAD-D, with Spearman's ρ = 0.249 (S = 1368914; p < 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SHAPS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess hedonic tone.

Correlation between anhedonia level and cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the anhedonia level and its relationship with cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis， and to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function. MethodsA total of 143 first-episode psychiatric patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 2016 to March 2019 were selected. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） was used to evaluate the patient’s psychiatric symptoms， in which N2 （emotional withdrawal） and N4 （passive/apathetic social withdrawal） were used to assess the anhedonia level， and patients whose （N2+N4） scores beyond 4 were classified into anhedonia group， and those with （N2+N4） scores less than or equal to 4 were classified into non-anhedonia group. Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24） was used to measure the depressive symptoms， and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） was used to detect cognitive function. Then the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of two groups were compared， and the influencing factors of cognitive function were screened by multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe negative symptom score， general pathological symptom score and total score of PANSS in anhedonia group were significantly higher than those of non-anhedonia group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. The score of working memory in adolescent subgroup， the scores of information processing speed， attention/alertness and vocabulary learning in adult subgroup of anhedonia group were lower than those of non-anhedonia group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the anhedonia score and the duration of untreated psychosis were the influencing factors of working memory in adolescent subgroup （P<0.05）. ConclusionPatients with high levels of anhedonia suffer more severe mental symptoms and cognitive impairment， moreover， anhedonia is one of the influencing factors of working memory in adolescents.

Analysis of the component factors and connected factors of anhedonia in patients with first-episode schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the component factors of anhedonia in first-episode schizophrenia patients and the relationship with clinical symptoms， cognitive and social functioning. MethodsA total of 31 patients with first-episode schizophrenia who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and another 33 healthy controls were enrolled. Then， the anhedonia level， mental symptoms， cognitive and social functioning were assessed using Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale （TEPS）， Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS） and Personal and Social Performance Scale （PSP）. Thereafter， Pearson correlation was used to discuss the correlation of anhedonia level with clinical symptoms， cognitive and social functioning. ResultsThe consummatory anhedonia score in TEPS of first-episode schizophrenia patients was lower than that of healthy controls， with statistical difference ［（27.71±5.48） vs. （31.58±5.92）， t=2.705， P=0.009］. Correlation analysis showed that consummatory anhedonia had no correlation with PANSS， RBANS and PSP scores in first-episode schizophrenia patients（P>0.05）. ConclusionFirst-episode schizophrenia patients have consummatory anhedonia， and the consummatory anhedonia may be independent of clinical symptoms， cognitive and social functioning.

Analysis of the feature and influencing factors of anhedonia in schizophrenia / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To explore the feature and influencing factors of anhedonia in schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 71 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited during December 2018 and December 2019. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used for assessing psychotic symptoms. Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were applied to the evaluation of anhedonia and cognitive function respectively for each subject. Results: The evaluation result of TEPS showed both anticipatory and consummatory pleasure scores were lowered in patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy people (P=0.000). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that negative subscale score of PANSS (B=-0.895, P=0.002) and delayed memory score of RBANS (B=0.265, P=0.001) were associated with anhedonia in schizophrenia. Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, both of which are influenced by negative symptoms and delayed memory in schizophrenia.

Abnormalities in Inflammatory Cytokines Confer Susceptible to Chronic Neuropathic Pain-related Anhedonia in a Rat Model of Spared Nerve Injury

OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) have a higher incidence to develop depression. However, its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines in CNP-related anhedonia, which is a core symptom of depression, and to explore the effects of ketamine and parecoxib on pain and anhedonia. METHODS: A rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI) was constructed to mimic CNP. Hierarchical cluster analysis of sucrose preference test (SPT) was applied to classify the SNI rats into anhedonia susceptible and unsusceptible. Inflammatory cytokines in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of brain, serum and L2–5 spinal cord were measured. Moreover, effects of ketamine or parecoxib on mechanical withdrawal test (MWT) and SPT in anhedonia susceptible rats were detected. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was increased in mPFC, serum and and spinal cord of anhedonia susceptible rats. Furthermore, anhedonia susceptible and unsusceptible rats both increased the interleukin (IL)-1β level in mPFC, serum and spinal cord. IL-6 was altered in serum and spinal cord, but not in mPFC. IL-10 was significantly altered in mPFC and serum, but not in spinal cord. Additionally, ketamine treatment significantly attenuated the decreased results of MWT and SPT in anhedonia susceptible rats, and that parecoxib significantly improved the MWT score, but failed to alter the result of SPT. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that abnormalities in inflammatory cytokines confer susceptible to anhedonia in a rat model of SNI. Ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant, has pharmacological benefits to alleviate pain and anhedonia symptoms.

Anhedonia and Dysphoria Are Differentially Associated with the Risk of Dementia in the Cognitively Normal Elderly Individuals: A Prospective Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the impact of depressed mood (dysphoria) and loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia)on the risk of dementia in cognitively-normal elderly individuals. METHODS: This study included 2,685 cognitively-normal elderly individuals who completed the baseline and 4-year follow-up assessments of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. We ascertained the presence of dysphoria and anhedonia using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We defined subjective cognitive decline as the presence of subjective cognitive complaints without objective cognitive impairments. We analyzed the association of dysphoria and anhedonia with the risk of cognitive disorders using multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, education, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and neuropsychological test performance. RESULTS: During the 4-year follow-up period, anhedonia was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.20–3.64, p=0.008) and fivefold higher risk of dementia (OR=5.07, 95% CI=1.44–17.92, p=0.012) but was not associated with the risk of subjective cognitive decline. In contrast, dysphoria was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of subjective cognitive decline (OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.33–3.19, p=0.001) and 1.7-fold higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.00–3.05, p=0.048) but was not associated with the risk of dementia. CONCLUSION: Anhedonia, but not dysphoria, is a risk factor of dementia in cognitively-normal elderly individuals.

Vitamin D Deficiency/Insufficiency among Inpatients with Depressive Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: Although the association between low vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms has been widely reported, studies investigating the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and depressive symptomatology are scarce. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the relationship between vitamin D status and depressive symptoms in 196 patients hospitalized for a major depressive episode. RESULTS: The baseline 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total and depression factor (item 1, 2, 3, 7) scores were significantly higher in the vitamin-D-insufficiency/deficiency group than in the vitamin-D-sufficiency group. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider measuring the vitamin D levels of patients with severe and core depressive symptoms and providing vitamin D supplementation when necessary.

Relationships between anhedonia, alexithymia and self-efficacy in college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between anhedonia,alexithymia and self-efficacy in college students.Methods 260 college students were tested with Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS),Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS),20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).Results (1) Males showed obviously higher level of SHAPS scores (24.91±5.14) and lower level of anticipatory pleasure of TEPS (TEPS-ANT) scores(31.81±5.79)than females (22.97±5.34 and 33.36±5.71,respectively).(2)Significant difference existed between the high-scoring,the middle-scoring and the low-scoring anhedonia group in TAS factor 1 (difficulty in identifying feelings) and GSES (F=3.11,5.30,P＜0.05 or 0.01),the scores of TAS factor 1 (difficulty in identifying feelings) in high-scoring anhedonia group were higher than that in low-scoring anhedonia group (20.24±4.94 vs 18.10±5.07,P＜0.01),and the scores of GSES in high-scoring anhedonia group were lower than that in low-scoring anhedonia group (24.97±6.72 vs 27.90±4.37,P＜0.01).(3)The SHAPS scores were positively related to TAS factor 2 (difficulty in describing feelings) and factor 3 (externally oriented thinking) (r =0.18,0.27,both P＜0.01),negatively related to GSES scores(r=-0.33,P＜0.01).Both TEPS-ANT and consummatory pleasure of TEPS (TEPS-CON) were negatively related to TAS factor1 (difficulty in identifying feelings)scores (r=-0.22,P＜ 0.01;r =-0.15,P＜ 0.05),positively related to GSES scores (r =0.28,0.26,both P＜0.01).(4)Layer multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the SHAPS scores were significant predictors of the general self-efficacy(β=-0.33,P＜0.01).Conclusions The anhedonia in college students has a closely relationship with alexithymia and self-efficacy,college students with high anhedonia have high level of alexithymia and low level of self-efficacy.

Severity of different factors of anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the severity and characteristic of different factors (consummatory anhedonia and anticipatory anhedonia) of anhedonia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ultra-high-risk,acute and stable).Methods:Twenty-two ultra-high-risk individuals according to the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes,23 acute schizophrenia patients,18 stable schizophrenia patients according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder-Ⅳand 22 healthy controls were enrolled.The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for positive symptom,the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS) for negative symptom and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) for anhedonia were administered to the participants.ANOVA test was used to compare the anhedonia of the four groups,and the Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between self report and clinician rating.Results:Consummatory anhedonia and abstract consummatory anhedonia of TEPS in ultra-high-risk group and acute group were higher than controls [(37 ± 9),(34 ± 8) vs.(44 ± 9),P ＜ 0.01],[(24 ± 6),(21 ±7) vs.(28 ±6),P ＜0.01],which have significant differences.There was no significant difference in the consummatory anhedonia and abstract consummatory anhedonia of TEPS between stable group and control group(P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in anticipatory anhedonia among four groups(P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between TEPS and the anhedonia subscale of SANS in the ultra-high-risk group and the acute group(P ＞ 0.05).Consummatory anhedonia and anticipatory anhedonia of TEPS were significantly correlated with anhedonia subscale of SANS (r ＝-0.6--0.8) in stable group.Conclusions:Consummatory anhedonia,but not anticipatory anhedonia,may be in ultra-high-risk and acute phrase of schizophrenia individuals,whose self report are not consistent with clinician rating.Consummatory anhedonia may not be in stable patients,whose self report are consistent with clinician rating.

Effects of maternal deprivation on stress response and efficacy of escitalopram in adult rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of maternal deprivation on chronic stress?induced depression behavior and its characteristics in adult rats,and to evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on the efficacy of escitalopram. Methods Newborn SD male rats were randomly divided into control ( C ) group,maternal deprivation (MD) group,chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS) group,maternal deprivation and chronic unpredictable stress ( MD+CUPS) group. Rats in control group received no experimental han?dling.Rats in MD group and MD+CUPS group received maternal deprivation from the lst day after birth for 14 days.Rats in CUPS group and MD+CUPS group received chronic unpredictable stress from 10 th weeks after birth for 28 days. Screened the rats with depression behaviors and treated them with escitalopram for 4 weeks. Results The incidence of anhedonia was significantly different among 4 groups (χ2=143.24, PCUPS group (40.98%) > MD group (17.11%) >C group (4.17%), P<0.0083). The incidence of behav?ioral despair was significantly different among 4 groups (χ2=70.34, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed the incidence of behavioral despair in MD+CUPS group (43.43%) and CUPS group (39.34%) were signifi?cantly higher than that in MD group (13.51%) and C group (3.33%),but no difference was observed be?tween MD+CUPS and CUPS group (P<0.0083) . The incidence of behavioral despair in MD group was signif?icant higher than that in C group. There was no significant efficacy of escitalopram on anhedonia and behav?ioral despair among 3 stressed models. However the recovery incidence from anhedonia (44/140) was significantly lower than that from behavioral despair (76/140) (χ2=14.93, P<0.05). Conclusion The maternal deprivation in?creases the stress sensitivity and the incidences of anhedonia in adult rats.The efficacy of escitalopram on behavioral despair is higher than that on anhedonia without influence from maternal deprivation.

The biological mechanisms of anhedonia in depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or lack of reaction to pleasurable stimuli, which is a promising phenotype of depression. In order to explore the potential biological mechanism, the recent ad?vances were summarized from researches focused on depression with anhedonia from neuroanatomy,inflamma?tion and immunology,and molecular genetics. The structural and functional brain imaging showed that the ac?tivity in reward?related brain regions of the depressive disorder with an anhedonia was changed during re?ward?related tasks.In addition,some other genetic studies based on the related neurotransmitter,such as do?pamine, together with the findings from the researches on immunological inflammation, may shed light on finding the potential targets for novel antidepressants,besides the 5?HT.

Research progress on anhedonia and its measurement methods / 中国药理学通报

Anhedonia, or markedly diminished interest or pleas-ure, is a hallmark symptom of depression.As a psychopathological symptom, anhedonia was first noted in the early 19th century.The neurobiological mechanisms that underline anhedonia and its role in diagnosing depression disorder or evaluating antidepressant response have long been aroused attention for nearly a century.Consequently, there are many measuring methods established in both the animal study and human research, which would be reviewed in the present study.

Influence of Anhedonia and Self-Esteem on Daily-Life Decision-Making in Patients with Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: Decision-making in patients with schizophrenia has been known to be inefficient in both cognitive and affective aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of anhedonia and self-esteem on the decision-making process in schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls performed the ‘apparel purchase decision-making task’, during which they were asked to respond to the preference, fitness, and price suitability, before making the final purchase decision. Generalized estimating equation and correlation analysis were conducted to explore for the difference of decision making patterns and influential factors between the two groups. RESULTS: The patients showed lower odds ratio (OR) of the fitness on the apparel purchase decision than the controls [OR 0.190 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.047–0.762, p = 0.019). In the patient group, there was no correlation between the number of purchased trials and the severity of anhedonia, but the number of purchased trials was negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score at a trend level (R = -0.436, p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia considered the fitness of clothes less than healthy controls on apparel purchasing decisions. Schizophrenia patients with lower self-esteem were intended to buy more clothes.

Afectividad negativa y positiva en adultos cubanos con sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y sin trastornos / Negative and positive affect in Cuban adults with anxiety, depression and without symptoms

El Modelo Bifactorial de Afectividad de Watson y Tellengen se ha postulado para la diferenciación de la ansiedad y la depresión en Europa y Norteamérica, pero no se han reportado estudios en población cubana de edad media. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la Afectividad Positiva (AP) y la Afectividad Negativa (AN) en personas sin psicopatología, con sintomatología predominantemente ansiosa, depresiva o mixta. La muestra fue de 219 personas; 19,2% con sintomatología ansiosa, 17,8% depresiva, 23,7% mixta y el resto sin síntomas. Se utilizó el Inventario de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) para estudiar la afectividad y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EADG) para diferenciar los subgrupos diagnósticos. Se utilizó el ANOVA de un factor con el Método de la Diferencia Significativa Honesta de Tukey para establecer las diferencias. Se encontró que la AP era menor en los depresivos tal y como predice el Modelo, pero no se cumplió la predicción de que la AP diferenciaría a los ansiosos de las personas sin síntomas, y se encontró que en el grupo con sintomatología mixta había mayor AN y menor AP que en los otros subgrupos patológicos, lo cual alerta sobre la necesidad de evaluar los modelos desarrollados en otras culturas.

Two-Factor Model of Emotion of Watson and Tellengen has been investigated for the differentiation of anxiety and depression in Europe and North America, but no studies have been reported on middle-aged Cuban population. The objective of this research was to investigate the negative (NA) and positive affectivity (PA) in individuals without psychopathology, predominantly anxious, depressive or mixed symptoms. The sample was 219 subjects; 19.2% with symptoms of anxiety, 17.8% has depression, 23.7% mixed anxiety and depression symptoms, and the rest without symptoms. Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) was used to study emotion; and Anxiety and Depression Scale Goldberg (GADS) to differentiate diagnostic subgroups. The one-way ANOVA was used with the method of Tukey Honest Significant Difference. We found that AP was lower in depressive as predicted by the model, but the prediction that the AP would differentiate anxious people without symptoms was fulfilled, which highlights the need to evaluate the models developed in other cultures.

Propuesta de evaluación neuropsicológica para casos donde exista una alteración en la percepción musical / A proposal for neuropsychological evaluation in cases where there is an alteration in musical perception

Existen diferentes condiciones que no se consideran tan relevantes, debido a que no son totalmente incapacitantes. Aun así cuando un paciente considera importante un síntoma o una condición específica, esta debe tomarse con seriedad, ya que es posible que sea una parte esencial de aquella persona. La música se considera como uno de los mayores reforzadores para el ser humano, así como una gran herramienta para la estimulación neuropsicológica. Sin embargo, poco se ha investigado en relación con este tema, razón por la que se recomienda integrar el área musical como parte de la evaluación e intervención neuropsicológica. Este artículo tiene como objetivo construir una propuesta de evaluación neuropsicológica para casos donde exista una alteración en la percepción musical. A través de un estudio de caso único, y a partir de un protocolo estándar de evaluación neuropsicológica, junto con pruebas adicionales específicas sobre música, se finaliza con una propuesta que incluye diagnósticos diferenciales como depresión, amusia y anhedonia musical. Como aportes, se establece que es una propuesta que, además de novedosa, se ha de tener en cuenta debido a la relevancia que implica el componente musical. Asimismo, se destaca la idea de evaluar al paciente de forma integral, no solo sobre su estado cognitivo general, sino además emocional, siempre teniendo en cuenta lo que el paciente precisa.

There are different conditions which are not considered as relevant because they are not totally disabling. Yet when a patient regards a symptom or a specific condition as important, it should be taken seriously, because it may be an essential part of that person. Music is considered as one of the biggest reinforcers for humans, as well as a great tool for neuropsychological stimulation. But little has been investigated in relation to this issue. It is recommended to integrate the musical area as part of the neuropsychological evaluation and intervention. This article aims to build a proposed neuropsychological assessment for cases where there is an alteration in the perception of music. Through a single case study, and from a standard neuropsychological assessment protocol, along with specific additional evidence about music, it ends with a proposal that includes differential diagnoses such as depression, musical anhedonia and amusia. As a contribution states that it is a proposal that, in addition to novelty, it should be taken into account due to the relevance that involves the musical component; and the fact that assess the patient holistically, not only on their overall cognitive state but also emotional and always taking into account what the patient needs.