ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the non-polysaccharide chemical constituents of Poria cocos and their anti-complementary activity. Methods: The anti-complementary bioassay-guided isolation was carried out with the hemolysis test as guide. All isolates were evaluated for their in vitro anti-complementary activities on the classical pathway. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR data. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of P. cocos extracts, including stigmasterol (1), lupeol (2), oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), polyporenic acid C (5), tumulosic acid (6), dehydrotumulosic acid (7), 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid (8), pachymic acid (9), dehydropachymic acid (10), and dehydrotrametenolic acid (11). Compounds 1-4 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 3-11 showed the anti-complementary activity in different degrees. Conclusion: Triterpenoid acids are the main anti-complementary constituents in the chemical constituents of P. cocos non-polysaccharides (CH50 0.10-0.27 g/L).
ABSTRACT
Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins, and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). the crude polysaccharides (CHCP) exhibited potent anti-complementary activity through both the classical and alternative pathways by acting on components C3 and C4 of the complement system without interfering with the coagulation system. This study was to investigate the preventive effects of CHCP on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by hemorrhagic shock plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation (two-hit) and LPS-induced fever in rats. CHCP significantly attenuated pulmonary injury in the "two-hit" ALI model by reducing pulmonary edema and protein exudation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, it reduced the deposit of complement activation products in the lung and improved oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. Moreover, CHCP administration inhibited fever in rats, reduced the number of leukocytes and restored serum complement levels. The inhibition on the inappropriate activation of complement system by CHCP may play an important role in its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. The anti-complementary polysaccharides are likely to be among the key substances for the heat-clearing function of .
ABSTRACT
An Affi-Prep Polymyxin column was combined with a Phenyl Sepharose column and a Sephacryl S-300 column, respectively, to remove the lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in the anti-complementary crude polysaccharides of Houttuynia Herba. The contents of LPS in the polysaccharides were determined by chromogenic tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL)method during the procedure of purifying. The anti-complementary activities of the polysaccharides were also compared before and after the removal of LPS. Less remanent LPS was detected after purified using Penyl Sepharose combined with polymyxin column, with the clearance rate of 42.85%. All the columns had no effect on the anti-complementary activity of the polysaccharides. Penyl Sepharose combined with polymyxin column would be sound for LPS removal of the anti-complementary polysaccharides without reducing their bioactivity.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum and their anti-complementary activity. Methods: The isolation was guided by anti-complementary activity test, compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by the various spectroscopic data. The compounds were evaluated for the anti-complementary activity in vitro. Results: Twenty-eight compounds were isolated and identified as pentatriacontane (1), hentriantane (2), glutinone (3), friedelin (4), epifriedelanol (5), lupeol (6), oleanolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), scopoletin (9), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (10), chrysoeriol (11), apigenin (12), kaempferol (13), maslinic acid (14), corosolic acid (15), euscaphic acid (16), 2α, 3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-oic acid (17), 19α-hydroxyoleanolic acid (18), caffeic acid (19), isoorientin (20), orientin (21), vitexin (22), isovitexin (23), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (24), isoquerecitrin (25), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (26), quceritin (27), and luteolin (28). Among them 25 compounds were tested for their anti-complementary activity and 5, 7, 8, 11-13, 15, 18-20, 23-25, 27, and 28 show the various inhibitions on the complement system towards the classical pathway. Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3, 6, 14-18, 23, 25 are obtained from this plant for the first time. Ursolic acid shows the strongest activity in vitro with the CH50 of 0.014 mg/mL.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the anti-complementary anthraquinones from Polygonum cuspidatum and their action targets. Methods: The anti-complementary activity-directed isolation was carried out with the hemolysis test as guide. All isolates were evaluated for their in vitro anti-complementary activities. The action targets of the main bioactive constituents were also examined using complement-depleted sera. Results: Ten anthraquinones and three other compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of P. cuspidatum extract, including physcion (1), chrysophanol (2), questin (3), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (4), emodin (5), rhein (6), fallacinol (7), citreorosein (8), xanthorin (9), isorhodoptilometrin (10), 2, 5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone (11), 7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylcoumarin (12), and 5, 7-dihydroxy-1-isobenzofuranone (13). Compounds 9 and 10 were isolated from the the plants of Polygonaceae for the first time, and compound 9 was the alizarin-type anthraquinone first obtained from P. cuspidatum. Compounds 3-9 showed the anti-complementary activity in different degrees, and compound 7 exhibited the most significant activity against the classical and alternative pathway [CH50 = (6 ± 2) μg/mL, AP50 = (50 ± 5) μg/mL]. The study on the preliminary mechanism revealed that compound 4 interacted with C1q, C2, and C9 in complement activation cascade, while compound 7 acted on C1q, C2, C4, and C9. Conclusion: The anthraquinones are main anti-complementary constituents in P. cuspidatum; and fallacinol (7) is a potential complement inhibitor with strong activity and definite targets, which should be further studied in future.
ABSTRACT
The Elfvingia applanata (EA), Hericium erinaceum (HE),Grifola frondosa (GF), Pholiota nameko (PN), Pleurotus eryngii (PE), Trametes suaveolens (TS), Fomes fomentarius (FF), and Inonotus obliquus (IO) could produce the endo- (EN) and exo-biopolymer (EX) in submerged culture. The highest anti-complementary activity of the EN was exhibited by PN (49.1%), followed by HE (38.6%), TS (37.0%),and FF (33.0%),whereas the high activity of the EX was found with GF (59.8%),followed by HE (36.3%),TS (30.8%),and IO (28.8%). The EN of P. nameko (EN-PN) and EX of G. frondosa (EX-GF) were found to contain 78.6% and 41.2% carbohydrates, while 21.4% and 58.8% protein, respectively. The sugar and amino acid compositions of EN-PN and EX-GF were also analyzed in detail.
Subject(s)
Agaricales , Carbohydrates , Coriolaceae , Pholiota , Pleurotus , TrametesABSTRACT
The sera of 36 normal controls, 45 patients with various diseases and 11 pregnant women were screened for circulating immune complexes using three relatively simple and inexpensive techniques. These included inhibition of agglutination of IgG coated latex particles with a serum having rheumatoid factor activity, polyethylene glycol precipitation and anti-complementary activity test. The circulating immune complexes were detected in a significantly higher proportion of patients as compared to normal controls. In the patients, the presence of circulating immune complexes did not always correlate with clinically detectable immunoinflammatory tissue damage indicating that pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic immune complexes were being detected by the above mentioned techniques. The alpha-1- antitrypsin/C3 ratio, however, correlated well with clinically apparent immunoinflammation.