ABSTRACT
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in angiogenesis and tissue repair, which have been used to treat various kinds of diseases associated with poor perfusion or organ dysfunction. In recent years, researches had shown that extracellular vesicles(EVs) are the important paracrine components of cells. They carry the protein, mRNA, miRNA and other bioactive substances from the original cells to the target cells, yielding a similar effect to stem cell transplantation. The effects of extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs-EVs) have been explored in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and renal injury et al. This review covers the biological characteristics of EVs, the application and mechanism of EPCs-EVs in these studies.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of the morphology,structure and biological characters of mutated Candida and through its genetic characteristics,research and reveal the mechanism of the variation at the molecular level.Methods Used different nutritional conditions,different growth conditions and different azole antifungal agents to induce mutation of the standard strains of Candida albicans.In clinical study,Candida mutant strains was isolated from vaginal secretions,pleu-ral effusion and gastric juice samples in patients of poor effect with Antifungal therapy,and studied on the morphological characteristics,and the nuclear structure,the biochemical reaction,the drug resistance,the bacterial composition and the ge-netic characteristics of above variants,etc.Results Mycelial?morphology:Candida were prone to mutation like bacteria, mutant bacteria could show G+ Aureus shape,G+ Bacillus,G+ long filamentous,G- Aureus shape,G- Bacillus and G- long filamentous;Nuclear structure:Candida mutant strains changed like prokaryotes under the electron microscope because it lost the original structure of eukaryotic cells.Biochemical reaction:there were 5 different items in 20 biochemical test ob-served.Drug sensitivity test:Candida mutated to antifungal drugs being originally sensitive was completely resistant,sensi-tive and resistant originally was completely sensitive,and the same as ordinary bacteria resistant.The cell component chan-ges:there was significantly different in Candida variant strain and the atavism of variant strain identified by mass spectrome-try.The most conservative fungalgene expression:Candida mutated had conservative gene expression of eukaryotes.It could be demonstrated that oidiomycetes mutant strains like bacterial morphology with prokaryotic cell biological characteristics was derived from Candida with eukaryotic cells.Conclusion Candida was prone to variation like bacterial morphology.The biological characteristics of mutant resembled prokaryote.There was a qualitative change among the standard strains of Can-dida albicans,mutant strains of oidiomycetes like bacterial morphology and the atavism of variant strain with clear genetic re-lationship under the electron microscope in the form of nuclear matter.The study on biological evolution,especially contact in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic evolution has very important significance.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the genetic difference of biological characters on germplasm resources of fenugreek(Trigonella foenumgraecum) and to study the genetic diversity of them.Methods Thirty-two fenugreek germplasm resources from Ningxia, other provinces in China,and abroad were used to investigate the biological characters on plant height,pod formation height,nodes per main stem,branches number,effective pod per plant and so on.The tested materials were planted in the farm of Ningxia University.The genetic diversity based on the phenotype was analyzed by Word′s minimum variance method.Results The variance analyses of ten biological characters were of significance or the most significance except pod length.The branches number and effective pod per plant possessed the largest coefficient of variance(CV). The pairwise Euclidean distance of the tested materials ranged from 1.11 to 9.49,averaged 4.01.Mean Euclidean distance of single tested material ranged from 2.94 to 6.54.The tested germplasm resources could be divided into three groups in D=6.86,which coincided with the district of collecting germplasm resources on the whole.Conclusion There is a little genetic difference in various fenugreek germplasm resources.Compared with Euclidean distance of germplasm resources from Ningxia,the Euclidean distance of most from abroad is far away from that of other provinces in China.