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Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprints of different parts of chicory stems, leaves, roots, flowers and seeds, and compare the similarities and differences of chemical components in different parts, so as to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of chicory. Methods: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of chicory, the chromatographic column was chosen with Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C
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BACKGROUND: Cichoric acid (CA) is extracted from Echinacea purpurea. It is well known and widely used for its immunological function. However, the effect of CA on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from yaks is still unclear. This study investigated the potential influences of CA on the proliferation, cytokine induction, and apoptosis of PBMCs from Datong yak in vivo, and aimed to provide a basis for exploring the pharmacological activities of CA on yaks. RESULTS: In this study, CA promoted PBMCs proliferation by combining concanavalin A (Con A) and exhibited a dose-dependent effect as demonstrated by a Cell Counting Kit-8. The concentration of 60 µg/ml CA was the best and promoted the transformation from the G0/G1 phase to the S and G2/M phases with Con A. Furthermore, 60 µg/ml CA significantly increased IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels and PCNA, CDK4 and Bcl-2 expression levels, but it significantly inhibited the TP53, Bax, and Caspase-3 expression levels. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 6807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CA treatment and control groups. Of these genes, 3788 were significantly upregulated and 3019 were downregulated. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in cell proliferation and immune function signaling pathways. The expression level of some transcription factors (BTB, Ras, RRM_1, and zf-C2H2) and genes (CCNF, CCND1, and CDK4) related to PBMCs proliferation in yaks were significantly promoted after CA treatment. By contrast, anti-proliferation-associated genes (TP53 and CDKN1A) were inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, CA could regulate the immune function of yaks by promoting proliferation and inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis of PBMCs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Succinates/pharmacology , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Echinacea/chemistry , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Transcription Factors , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology , Blotting, Western , Cytokines , Apoptosis/drug effects , Concanavalin A/pharmacology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA-SeqABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the similarities and differences of the main chemical constituents between Ixeris chinensis and Sonchus brachyotus by UHPLC-Q exactive orbitrap-HRMS. Methods: The analysis was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 reverse phase column (100 mm × 3 mm, 2.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0. 5% acetic acid, which was used for gradient elution, and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. Q exactive orbitrap-HRMS spectrometry was applied for the qualitative analysis under positive and negative ion modes, and ESI ion source was used for mass spectra. Results: The results indicated that nine compounds from the ethanol extract of I. chinensis and ten compounds from the ethanol extract of S. brachyotus had been identified by direct comparison in both positive and negative ion mass data, the element compositions analysis, and the data of the literature. Among them, there were nine compounds are the same, which were seven organic acids and two flavonoids compounds. Conclusion: The efficient separation ability of UHPLC and high sensitive detection of MS were used in this study, which will provide the evidences for evaluating the quality of I. chinensis and S. brachyotus and stabilizing the curative effect in clinic.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC method for determination of cichoric acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid in Herba Taraxaci. Methods: A Phenomenex Luna C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column was adopted. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 325 nm, and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Results: The standard curve of cichoric acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid show a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.24-24.00, 0.092-9.200, 0.14-14.00 μg/mL and the average recoveries were 100.07%, 99.88%, and 101.67%, and RSD values were less than 2%. Conclusion: This method is simple and repeatable, and has good resolution and high selectivity. It can be used for the determination of cichoric acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid in Taraxaci Herba.
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This study was aimed to analyze the dynamic accumulation of active ingredients of Echinacea purpurea. Contents of cichoric acid and total polyphenols in different parts through the whole growth process were determined by HPLC and colorimetry. The results showed that the content of total polyphenol changed little in annual plant. There were differences in content of cichoric acid of different parts in different periods. And the content reached the maximum at flowering stage. It was concluded that the harvest stage depended on the content of cichoric acid. The results provided theoretical basis for induced plant in Shandong province.
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K. There was no significant difference in the yield among the treatments of N+K, CK, P, N+P, and N, but the results of these five treatments were significantly higher than that of P+K and K. In addition, cichoric acid content did not considerably changed after treatment of various fertilizer combinations. For the second harvest date the yield of N, N+K, P, and N+P were 47.7%, 35.4%, 33.8%, and 12.3% higher respectively than that of CK, the yield of N+P+K, P+K, and K were 7.7%, 10.8%, and 28.5% lower respectively than that of CK. There was significant difference in the yield between the treatment of N and CK, the yield of K was significantly lower than that of CK. Conclusion The results indicate that cichoric acid content is not significantly affected by the treatment of various fertilizer combinations and the yield is strongly influenced by N fertilizer, weakly by P fertilizer, on the contrary the application of potassium chloride results in a decrease in yield.
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Object To determine the amount of cichoric acid in Enchinacea purpurea and its preparation. Methods By the use of HPLC, mobile phase: 400 mmol/L ammonium acetate methanol (95∶ 5), flow rate: 1 mL/min, detection wavelength: 330 nm. Results The mean recovery of cichoric acid was 99 41%, RSD=3 23% (n=5). Conclusion The method can be applied in the determination of cichoric acid in E. purpurea extract and its preparation with satisfactory results.