Incidence and clinical characteristics of engraftment syndrome after syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematological diseases / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To explore the incidence and clinical characteristics of engraftment syndrome (ES) after syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (syn-HSCT) in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: The clinical data of 21 patients who received syn-HSCT at People's Hospital of Peking University from January 1994 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Seven (33.3% ) of 21 patients developed ES. The onset of ES symptoms occurred at a median of 8 (range: 5-13) days after HSCT, and the diagnosis of ES occurred at a median of 10 (range: 7-14) days after HSCT. Steroids were administered immediately after the diagnosis of ES, the median time of symptom continuance was 2 (range: 1-5) days, and all patients showed complete resolution of ES symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, patients with acute myeloid leukemia and faster neutrophil reconstitution were the risk factors for ES (HR=15.298, 95% CI 1.486-157.501, P=0.022, and HR=17.459, 95% CI 1.776-171.687, P=0.014) . Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the overall survival and disease-free survival between patients with ES and those without ES. Conclusion: A high incidence of ES was observed in syn-HSCT recipients. Moreover, the prognosis of ES was excellent.

Review and Thinking on Forensic Pathological Changes of Coronavirus-Infected Diseases / 法医学杂志

Since the beginning of this century, three types of coronavirus have widely transmitted and caused severe diseases and deaths, which strongly indicates that severe infectious diseases caused by coronavirus infection are not accidental events. Coronavirus-infected diseases are mainly manifested by respiratory symptoms, with multiple organ dysfunctions. Precisely investigating the pathological process, characteristics and pathogenesis of coronavirus-infected diseases will be beneficial for us to understand clinical manifestations and provide targeted suggestions on prophylaxis and treatment. This paper briefly reviews the pathological findings of three known coronavirus-infected diseases, and attempts to construct the pathological spectrum of coronavirus-infected diseases, aiming to provide reference and thinking for autopsy, histopathological examination and animal infection model study of coronavirus-infected diseases.

Contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária para a atenção primária à saúde: caminhos e desafios / Technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention for primary health care: paths and challenges / Contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de prevención cuaternaria para la atención primaria de salud: caminos y desafíos

Introdução: No contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, o conceito da prevenção quaternária adentra timidamente os níveis de atenção à saúde, no entanto, sofre expansão significativa no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da sistematização de evidências científicas, as contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos presentes nas bases de dados científicas da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, biblioteca virtual da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior e MEDLINE via PubMed com a utilização dos descritores "prevenção quaternária" e "atenção primária à saúde", em inglês e português. Resultados: O corpus de análise foi composto por 22 artigos, sendo que a produção científica sobre o tema se deu de forma mais intensa a partir do ano de 2015 e, em sua maioria, possuíam como abordagem metodológica ensaios teóricos. Dentre as contribuições técnicas destacaram-se a introdução do ensino da prevenção quaternária de modo continuado aos graduandos e profissionais; a construção de protocolos e documentos de amparo profissional; a utilização de modelos explicativos dinâmicos na socialização do quadro clínico; a conduta profissional com os usuários e as contribuições socioculturais envolvendo mudanças na percepção profissional e comunitária sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença, assim como o incentivo a práticas de desmedicalização sociocultural em relação à dor, incapacidade, desconforto, envelhecimento, nascimento e morte. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento das potencialidades da prevenção quaternária, faz-se necessário fortalecer estratégias que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para fomentar e gerenciar alianças estratégicas com tomadores de decisão, profissionais de saúde e cidadãos, para fomentar a redução de diagnósticos e tratamentos excessivos, contribuindo com a qualidade do cuidado.

Introduction: In the context of the Unified Health System, the concept of quaternary prevention shyly enters the levels of health care, however, undergoes significant expansion in the scope of primary health care. Objective: To identify, through the systematization of scientific evidence, the technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review of studies present in the scientific databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information of the Pan American Health Organization, virtual library of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, and MEDLINE through PubMed using the descriptors "quaternary prevention" and "primary health care", in English and Portuguese. Results: The corpus of analysis consisted of 22 articles, and the scientific production on the topic took place more intensively from the year 2015 and, for the most part, had theoretical essays as methodological approach. Among the technical contributions, we highlight the introduction of teaching on quaternary prevention in a continuous way to undergraduates and professionals; the construction of protocols and documents of professional support; the use of dynamic explanatory models in the socialization of the clinical picture and professional conduct with users and socio-cultural contributions involve changes in the professional and community perception about the phenomenon of illness and health conception, as well as the incentive to practices of socio-cultural demedicalization in relation to pain, disability, discomfort, aging, birth, and death. Conclusion: Despite the recognition of the potential of quaternary prevention, it is necessary to strengthen strategies that enable the development of public policies to foster and manage strategic alliances with decision makers, health professionals and citizens, to promote the reduction of excessive diagnoses and treatments, contributing to the quality of care.

Introducción: En el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, el concepto de prevención cuaternaria entra tímidamente en los niveles de atención de salud, sin embargo, experimenta una expansión significativa en el alcance de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la sistematización de evidencia científica, las contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de la prevención cuaternaria en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de estudios presentes en las bases de datos científicas de la Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en línea, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, biblioteca virtual de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior y MEDLINE a través de PubMed utilizando los descriptores de prevención cuaternaria y atención primaria de salud, en inglés y portugués. Resultados: El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por 22 artículos, siendo la producción científica sobre el tema más intensiva desde 2015 y, en su mayor parte, tuvo ensayos teóricos como abordaje metodológico. Entre los aportes técnicos, destacamos la implantación de la docencia en prevención cuaternaria de forma continua a estudiantes de pregrado y profesionales; construcción de protocolos y documentos de apoyo profesional, uso de modelos explicativos dinámicos en la socialización del cuadro clínico y conducta profesional con los usuarios y los aportes socioculturales implican cambios en la percepción profesional y comunitaria sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y la concepción de la salud, así como el incentivo a prácticas de desmedicalización sociocultural en relación al dolor, discapacidad, malestar, envejecimiento, nacimiento y muerte. Conclusión: A pesar del reconocimiento del potencial de la prevención cuaternaria, es necesario fortalecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de políticas públicas para fomentar y gestionar alianzas estratégicas con los tomadores de decisiones, profesionales de la salud y ciudadanos, para promover la reducción de diagnósticos y tratamientos excesivos, contribuyendo a la calidad de la atención.

Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos / Juvenile dermatomyositis. Case systematization

Introducción: La búsqueda bibliográfica realizada estableció una problemática a atender: la escasez de estudios de caso de dermatomiositis juvenil, por lo que la presente investigación pretende arrojar luz sobre esta patología, poco reflejada en la literatura médica. Nótese, además, que la sistematización puede servir de reservorio bibliográfico para estudios de posgrados de especialistas médicos. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: sistematizar y comparar 10 casos de dermatomiositis juvenil, publicados en las principales revistas médicas en cuanto a la edad del paciente, antecedentes de salud, cuadro clínico, resultados de complementarios, diagnóstico diferencial, manejo. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: hasta un 30 por ciento de los pacientes con dermatomiositis juvenil puede presentar calcinosis, especialmente en puntos de presión como codos, rodillas, dedos y glúteos. La calcinosis puede estar presente en el momento del diagnóstico, pero corrientemente se establece luego de 1 a 3 años y puede provocar la aparición de úlceras cutáneas, mengua de los rangos articulares, dolor e inflamación local. Alrededor del 10 por ciento de los pacientes con dermatomiositis juvenil puede presentar úlceras cutáneas. El estudio de su evolución suele anunciar un curso severo de la enfermedad con debilidad constante, calcinosis extensa y mala respuesta al tratamiento. Conclusiones: resulta importante sistematizar los estudios relacionados con casos de alteraciones dermatológicas de la dermatomiositis juvenil, ya que la enfermedad constituye una manifestación notable, tanto como marcador de actividad como de su daño derivado. Así también, pueden coadyuvar a lograr una percepción estadística más clara de la tasa de morbilidad y su consecuente relación con los pronósticos(AU)

Introduction: Literature search established a problem to be addressed: the scarcity of case studies of juvenile dermatomyositis, which is why this research aims to shed light on this pathology, little reflected in the medical literature. Note also that systematization can serve as a bibliographic reservoir for postgraduate studies of medical specialists. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: to systematize and compare 10 cases of juvenile dermatomyositis, published in the main medical journals regarding patient's age, health history, clinical picture, complementary results, differential diagnosis, management. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: up to 30 percent of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis can present calcinosis, especially in pressure points such as elbows, knees, fingers and buttocks. Calcinosis may be present at the time of diagnosis but is usually established after 1 to 3 years and may cause the appearance of skin ulcers, decreased joint ranges, pain and local inflammation. About 10 percent of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis may have skin ulcers. The study of its evolution usually announces a severe course of the disease with constant weakness, extensive calcinosis and poor response to treatment. Conclusions: it is important to systematize the studies related to cases of dermatological alterations of juvenile dermatomyositis, since the disease constitutes a remarkable manifestation, both as a marker of activity and of its derived damage. Likewise, they can help to achieve a clearer statistical perception of the morbidity rate and its consequent relationship with prognosis(AU)

A hospital based cross sectional study of clinical picture and spirometry pattern on interstitial lung diseases at a tertiary care centre

Background: Many of the ILDs are difficult to differentiate on clinical examination and history as they have similar clinical features. Symptom complex is not beyond that of respiratory symptoms. The objective was to study the clinical picture and spirometry pattern of the patients having interstitial lung disease.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 73 cases of ILDs. Data related to history, clinical examination was recorded. Six minute walk test and spirometry was carried out. The data was analysed using proportions.Results: Incidence of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) increased with age. Exertional dyspnea (100%) and cough (95.9%) were the commonest presenting symptoms amongst ILD patients. End inspiratory fine crackles (95.1%) and clubbing (67.1%) are the predominant clinical signs. Mean BMI of various ILDs patients were 24.86±8.2 Kg/m² in NSIP followed by 22.9±4.6 in sarcoidosis 21.9±6.4 and 20.8±3.94 in IPF and in Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonias 19.34±1.8 Kg/M². Serum ACE level was raised in 69.2% patients of sarcoidosis. 81 % of patients could successfully perform 6 Minute Walk Test. Among those who could perform, average desaturation was 8.11% in sarcoidosis, 7.52% in IPF, 6.0% In Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, 5.75% in NSIP and 4.75% in CTD associated ILDs patients. Raised C Reactive Protein label was consistent (45.2%) in ILDs, maximum in HP (63%) and 2 out of 3 patients with COP and 3 out of 5 patients of CTD associated ILDs. 17.8% cases had positive serum ANA, maximum in IPF.Conclusions: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was the commonest Interstitial Lung disease present in 39.7% of 73 cases followed by sarcoidosis in 17.9%, cases.

A práxis médica no pronto atendimento diante do paciente com sequelas crônicas: culpa, temor e compaixão / The medical praxis in the emergency care in the presence of the patient with chronic sequelae: guilt, fear and compassion / La praxis médica en salas de urgencia frente al paciente con secuelas crónicas: culpa, temor y compasión

Resumo Qual é a relação entre as urgências e o cuidado crônico? Esta questão, aparentemente paradoxal, foi abordada em uma etnografia realizada no maior hospital de pronto socorro de uma metrópole brasileira, a qual investigou o cuidado médico desde a admissão até a ratificação da condição clínico-funcional do paciente sequelado grave. Entre dezembro de 2012 e agosto de 2013 foram realizadas observação participante e entrevistas com 43 médicos: 25 homens e 18 mulheres, de 28 a 69 anos. A análise, guiada pelo modelo dos signos, significados e ações, levou à constatação de que o cuidado varia segundo o contexto: na 'porta de entrada' e no 'centro de terapia intensiva' luta-se intensamente pela manutenção da vida; no setor 'crônicos', cuida-se de pessoas que sobrevivem, mas com alto grau de dependência. Para o médico, 'vida' significa a recuperação da funcionalidade prévia, enquanto a sobrevida com dependência seria uma 'morte em vida'. O médico se esquiva de lidar com um ser humano altamente limitado, pois sente-se de algum modo culpado pelo quadro, embora se compadeça diante do paciente que demanda cuidados crônicos. A insuficiência de uma rede de cuidados continuados e a falta de formação paliativista do médico geram sofrimentos a quem cuida e a quem é cuidado.

Abstract What is the relationship between urgencies and chronic care? This question, which is appa-rently paradoxical, was approached in an ethnography conducted at the largest emergency care hospital of a Brazilian metropolis; the ethnography investigated medical care from admission to the confirmation of the clinical and functional condition of the patient with severe sequelae. Between December 2012 and August 2013, we conducted interviews and participant observation with 43 physicians: 25 men and 18 women, aged between 28 and 69 years. The analysis, which was guided by the signs, meanings and actions model, led to the realization that the care varies according to the context: at the 'gateway' and at the 'intensive therapy center', the struggle to maintain life is intense; at the "chronic patient" sector, care is provided to people who survive, but who have a high degree of dependence. For the physician, 'life' means regaining previous function, while survival with dependence would mean a 'living death.' The physician refrains from dealing with a highly-limited human being, for he/she feels somehow guilty of the clinical picture, even though he/she feels compassion towards the patient who requires chronic care. The insufficiency of a long-term care network and the lack of palliative training on the part of the physicians cause suffering in those who care and in those who are cared for.

Resumen ¿Cuál es la relación entre las urgencias y el cuidado crónico? Esta cuestión, aparentemente paradójica, se abordó en una etnografía realizada en el mayor hospital de urgencias de una metrópolis brasileña, en la cual se investigó el cuidado médico desde la admisión hasta la ratificación de la situación clínico funcional del paciente con graves secuelas. Entre diciembre del 2012 y agosto del 2013 se realizaron observación participante y entrevistas con 43 médicos: 25 hombres y 18 mujeres, con edades entre 28 y 69 años. El análisis, guiado por el modelo de signos, significados y acciones, permitió constatar que el cuidado varía de acuerdo con el contexto: en la 'puerta de ingreso' y en la 'unidad de cuidados intensivos' se lucha intensamente por mantener al paciente con vida; en el sector 'crónicos' se cuida a personas que sobreviven, pero con alto grado de dependencia. Para el médico, 'vida' significa la recuperación de la funcionalidad previa, mientras que sobrevivir con dependencia sería una 'muerte en vida'. El médico elude el hecho de tratar a un ser humano altamente limitado, ya que se siente de alguna manera culpado por el cuadro, a pesar de compadecerse ante un paciente que demanda cuidados crónicos. La insuficiencia de una red de cuidados continuados y la falta de formación del médico en cuidados paliativos generan sufrimientos tanto a quien cuida como a quien es cuidado.

Prevalencia y caracterización de la enfermedad tiroidea nodular y del bocio difuso en un área urbana / Prevalence and characterization of the thyroid nodule and the diffuse goiter in an urban area

Introducción: La enfermedad tiroidea nodular constituye un problema de salud en la población adulta por su alta prevalencia. Su diagnóstico se ha favorecido en las últimas décadas como consecuencia de la realización del ultrasonido del tiroides. La provincia de Sancti Spíritus, no disponía de investigaciones previas para analizar la problemática de esta enfermedad y del bocio difuso en las personas adultas, por lo que un estudio de prevalencia se realizó en la ciudad de Jatibonico. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad tiroidea nodular y del bocio difuso en la población adulta de 3 consultorios del área urbana de Jatibonico; así como precisar en las personas con enfermedad tiroidea nodular y con bocio difuso, sus antecedentes personales y familiares, el cuadro clínico de presentación, los signos ultrasonográficos y el valor de la hormona estimulante del tiroides. Métodos: el universo de estudio lo constituyó una población de 18 años o más de edad de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a 3 consultorios escogidos al azar del área urbana de Jatibonico (n= 6 126 personas). La muestra estimada para un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento fue de 337 personas, y se logró encuestar a 405 sujetos. A la totalidad se les realizó un ultrasonido del tiroides. A 277 personas se les determinó la hormona estimulante del tiroides. Las personas fueron clasificadas con y sin enfermedad tiroidea; y a su vez, esta última, fue subclasificada en enfermedad tiroidea nodular y bocio difuso. Resultados: la prevalencia de la enfermedad tiroidea en la población estudiada fue de 41,97 por ciento (IC- 95 por ciento: 37,17-46,77 por ciento). Al individualizarla, la enfermedad tiroidea nodular se halló en el 36,79 por ciento (IC- 95 por ciento: 32,09-41,48 por ciento) y el bocio difuso en el 5,18 por ciento (IC- 95 por ciento: 3,02-7,33 por ciento) respectivamente. Los pacientes con enfermedad tiroidea, en su mayoría, se manifestaban asintomáticos (85,3 por ciento) y se distribuyeron en todos los grupos de edades, pero con un ligero predominio en las féminas. La hormona estimulante del tiroides elevada (32,85 por ciento) y subnormal (7,58 por ciento) se constataron en los pacientes estudiados. Conclusión: en la población estudiada, la prevalencia de la enfermedad tiroidea nodular fue mayor que la del bocio difuso(AU)

Introduction: Thyroid nodule disease is a health problem in the adult population due to its high incidence. The diagnosis has improved in the last few decades as a result of the thyroid computer tomography. Previous research studies to analyze the situation of this disease and of diffuse goiter in the adult population did not exist in Sancti Spiritus province, so the prevalence study was conducted in Jatibonico city. Objective: to determine the prevalence of the thyroid nodule disease and of diffuse goiter in the adult populations from 3 physician's offices located in Jatibonico urban area as well as to determine the personal and family histories, the clinical picture of presentation, the ultrasonographic signs and the value of the thyroid-stimulating hormone in those people with thyroid nodule and diffuse goiter. Methods: the universe of study was an 18 years-old and over population of both sexes from 3 randomly selected physician's offices located in the urban area of Jatibonico (n= 6 126 people). The estimated sample for 95 % confidence interval was 337 persons and a total number of 405 individuals were surveyed. All of them were performed thyroid computer tomography. The thyroid-stimulating hormone was detected in 277 people. They were then classified into subjects having and not having the disease, and at the same time, there was sub-classification into thyroid nodule disease and diffuse goiter. Results: the prevalence of thyroid disease in the studied population was 41.97 percent (CI- 95 percent: 37.17-46.77 percent). The sub-classification yielded the presence of thyroid nodule disease in 36.79 percent of subjects (CI- 95 percent: 32.09-41.48 percent) and of diffuse goiter in 5.18 percent (CI- 95 percent: 3.02-7.33 percent), respectively. The majority of patients suffering from this disease was asymptomatic (85.3 percent) and distributed into all the age groups, with slight predominance of females. The high (32.85 percent) and the subnormal (7.58 percent) thyroid-stimulating hormones were detected in the studied patients. Conclusions: in the study population, the prevalence of the thyroid nodule disease was higher than that of the diffuse goiter(AU)

Insuficiencia cardiaca en niños / Heart failure in children

El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar y actualizar los aspectos más relevantes de la insuficiencia cardiaca en niños, contrastando con lo que ocurre en la insuficiencia cardiaca en adultos; esto con el propósito de resaltar los elementos comunes entre los dos grupos y, principalmente, destacar las diferencias, por ejemplo, el hecho de que la presencia de la insuficiencia cardiaca en niños no necesariamente implica el evento final de una enfermedad y que en la mayoría de estos casos el pronóstico es mejor. También se revisan en esta primera parte los aspectos históricos, las definiciones y los conceptos, así como la epidemiología, la fisiopatología y el diagnóstico.

The aim of this paper is to review and update, the most relevant aspects of heart failure in children, comparing them with heart failure in adults, in order to establish the common elements between both groups and also to emphasize the differences between both groups. For instance, heart failure in children not necessarily implied poor prognosis and in general, the prognosis in children is better. The history, concepts and definitions, epidemiology, physiopathology and clinical picture are discussed in this first part.

Coexistence of glucocorticoid resistance and pseudohypoparathyroidism / Coexistencia de la resistencia a glucocorticoides y el pseudohipoparatiroidismo

We report for the first time the case of a young man who developed both glucocorticoid resistance and resistance to parathyroid hormone. Treatment with high doses of dexamethasone together with administration of calcium and calcitriol resulted in a significant improvement in the patient's condition. In this paper, we discuss in detail diagnostic and treatment strategies used on the patient and the impact on the course and outcome of both disorders. We associate the development of both these disorders with a possible inherited defect in the signal pathways common to glucocorticoid and parathyroid hormone receptors.

Por primera vez se reporta el caso de un joven que desarrolló resistencia a glucocorticoides y resistencia a la hormona paratiroidea. El tratamiento con altas dosis de dexametasona, junto con la administración de calcio y calcitriol, trajo como resultado una mejoría significativa de la condición del paciente. En este papel, se analiza en detalle el diagnóstico así como las estrategias de tratamiento del paciente, y su impacto en el curso y resultado de ambos trastornos. Se concluye que el desarrollo de ambos trastornos se halla asociado a un posible defecto hereditario en las vías de transducción de señales comunes a los receptores de las hormonas glucocorticoides y las hormonas paratiroideas.

Síndrome neuroléptica maligna / Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome neuroléptica maligna (SNM) apresenta incidência muito variável na população, sem haver uma associação significativa com fatores de risco sociais, étnicos ou sazonais. Em 90% dos casos o quadro clínico se completa nas primeiras quatro a oito horas, após os primeiros sintomas, podendo ter evolução grave e fatal se a conduta não for feita de forma correta, tornando seu conhecimento de extrema valia. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever os fatores de risco, quadro clínico, fisiopatogenia, diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento da SNM para melhor qualidade de vida dos pacientes. CONTEÚDO: Utilizou-se o portal Capes como base da pesquisa em periódicos que abordassem o tema, utilizando-se artigos de revisão, excluindo-se relatos de caso, as palavras-chaves usadas durante a busca foram: Síndrome Neuroléptica Maligna. Seu conhecimento se torna importante ao ter um diagnóstico de exclusão, que feito em um curto espaço de tempo possui significância na evolução do quadro. CONCLUSÃO: A falta de conhecimento sobre a SNM significa um risco potencial importante ao paciente, inclusive podendo levá-lo ao óbito, além de haver uma evolução rápida. Por ser uma complicação idiossincrática, sua importância é ainda maior. Entretanto com o cuidado correto a reversão do quadro é possível.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has a highly variable incidence in the population without a significant association with social, ethnic or seasonal risk factors. In 90% of cases, the clinical picture is complete in the first 4 to 8 hours after the first symptoms; evolution may be serious and fatal if the treatment is not correct; thus, its knowledge is invaluable. The objective of this study was to review risk factors, clinical features, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and treatment of the NMS to improve patients' quality of life. CONTENTS: CAPES website was used as a basis for the research in journals that addressed this issue, using review articles and excluding case reports; the key words used during the search were: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. The knowledge of this syndrome becomes important when we make an exclusion diagnosis, which has significance in the evolution of the clinical picture when made in a short time. CONCLUSION: The lack of knowledge about NMS implies potential risk for the patient, may lead to fast progression and even to death. Because it is an idiosyncratic complication, its importance is even greater. However, with the right care, there is a possibility of clinical picture reversal.

Febre reumática: revisão sistemática / Rheumatic fever: systematic review

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi rever na literatura pertinente aos seguintes tópicos: fisiopatologia,quadro clínico, tratamento e profilaxia mais indicados para pacientes com febre reumática, de modo que os profissionais médicos possam diagnosticar mais precocemente esta doença e tratá-la corretamente, visando o maior bem-estar dos pacientes.CONTEÚDO: Utilizou-se como fonte de base de pesquisa as bases de dados da LILACS, Scielo e Medline, bem como periódicos nacionais e internacionais abordando assuntos relacionados ao tema, como os da Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, Jornal de Pediatria, Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia de São Paulo, entre outros.CONCLUSÃO: A febre reumática é uma doença que pode evoluir com complicações graves, mas que pode ser facilmente prevenida,contudo o percentual de pacientes acometidos ainda é crescente.A deficiência de conhecimento do profissional de saúde em relação ao manuseio clínico dessa doença contribui para que a FR seja um problema de saúde pública. Assim, há uma forte necessidade de promover ações em medicina preventiva eficazes para a população.(AU)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To present an updatedr eview of the literature pertaining to the following topics: pathophysiology,clinical features, treatment and prophylaxis indicated for most patients with rheumatic fever, so that health professionals able to diagnose this disease early and treat it correctly, aimedat improving the well-being of patients.CONTENTS: It was used as a source of basic research in the databases LILACS, Scielo and Medline, as well as national and international journals addressing issues related to the topic, such asthe Journal of Rheumatology, Journal of Pediatrics, and Journal of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology Sao Paulo, among others.CONCLUSION: Rheumatic fever is a disease that can develop serious complications, but can be easily prevented, yet the percentage of patients affected by the disease is still growing. Deficiencyof knowledge of the health professional in relation to the clinical management of this pathology contributes to the FR is a public health problem. Thus there is a strong need to promote actions in preventive medicine effective for the population.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos da indução experimental de acidose láctica ruminal em zebuínos e taurinos / Clinical evaluation of zebuine and taurine cattle with acute rumen lactic acidosis

Utilizaram-se cinco garrotes Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) e cinco Gir (G) (Bos indicus) para comparar a susceptibilidade racial, por meio do quadro clínico, à acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA), induzida experimentalmente. A ALRA foi caracterizada por taquicardia, redução dos movimentos ruminais, diarreia, desidratação e depressão no estado geral. Embora os bovinos G apresentassem maior taquicardia e uma tendência a uma desidratação mais severa, assim como estase ruminal, foram os J que manifestaram maior depressão no estado geral, requerendo um tratamento mais intenso para a recuperação. A normalização do apetite após o tratamento da ALRA foi mais demorada nos bovinos J. O conjunto de resultados indicou que os bovinos J são mais susceptíveis a desenvolverem quadros mais graves de ALRA, que os G. Quanto maior o déficit do volume plasmático, mais intensa a taquicardia (r = 0,67); não ocorreu influência do pH sanguíneo sobre a frequência cardíaca (r = - 0,25).

To compare the clinical signs and the susceptibility to acute rumen lactic acidosis (ARLA), experimentally induced, five Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) and five Gir (G) (Bos indicus) steers were used. The ARLA caused in all animals tachycardia, decreased rumen movement, diarrhoea, and dehydration; Although G steers presented higher tachycardia and tendency to a more severe dehydration, the J steers exhibited a pronounced depression in the general state, requiring an intense treatment to recover. J steers needed more time to recover the normal appetite. Thus, regarding clinical picture, was observed that J steers are more susceptible to ARLA than G. Positive correlation was found between plasma volume deficit and tachycardia (r = 0.67); blood pH did not influence heart rate (r= - 0.25).

Epidemiological features of Adamantiades-Behcet's disease in Germany and in Europe

The German Registry of Adamantiades-Behcet's disease was founded in 1990 in Berlin and it provides current data on the epidemiology, the clinical manifestations and the course of the disease in Germany on a continuous basis. A total of 218 patients, including 89 German and 100 Turkish patients, had been reported to the German Registry until October 1997. One hundred and ninety-six patients fulfilled the criteria of the Behcet's disease classification tree. The prevalence of the disease evaluated in Berlin-West was 1.68/100,000 in 1989 and had risen to 2.26/100,000 by 1994. The median age of onset was 25 years (range 5 to 66 years; German-Turks, ns). Juvenile disease was recorded in 6.9% of patients. The complete clinical picture according to the criteria of the International Study Group of Behcet's Disease developed in 15.5 months. The interval between onset of the disease and diagnosis was 35 months, which was significantly longer than the duration of the development of the complete clinical picture (p < 0.0001). The disease was diagnosed later in German (48.5 months) than in Turkish patients (25.5 months, p = 0.003). While German patients presented an equal male-to-female ratio, a male predominance was shown in Turkish patients (M:F 2.1:1, p = 0.022). Familial occurrence was detected in 2.0% of German and 15.9% of Turkish patients (p = 0.013). The frequencies of major clinical manifestations were: oral ulcers 99%, skin lesions 76%, genital ulcers 75%, ocular manifestations 59%, arthritis 59%, and positive pathergy test 52%. Clinical differences between German and Turkish patients were only found in the frequency of ocular lesions (48% vs. 66%, p = 0.025). Oral ulcers were with 72% the most common onset symptom of the disease followed by erythema nodosum (9%), uveitis (7%), arthritis (7%), genital ulcers (3%), superficial thrombophlebitis (2%) and papules/sterile pustules (2%). Uveitis and erythema nodosum as onset symptoms shortened the median interval to diagnosis to 1.5 and 15 months, respectively, while arthritis delayed diagnosis (43.5 months; p = 0.029). A severe course developed in 25% of the patients; irreversible retinal vasculitis to blindness in 15%, sterile meningoencephalitis in 8%, severe arthritis in 5%, hemoptysis in 2%, lethal outcome in 2% and bowel perforation in 1%. The relative risk of HLA-B5 positive German natives developing the disease. HLA-B5 was confirmed as a marker of severe prognosis. Cardiolipin autoantibodies were associated with cutaneous vasculitis and superficial thrombophlebitis was correlated with systemic vessel involvement.

Meningitis bacteriana aguda en ninos: estudio clinico y bacteriologico en el hospital infantil de Medellin / Acute bacterial meningitis in children: clinical and bacteriologic study in Medellin children hospital

Entre Abril 3 de 1984 y Marzo 31 de 1986, se estudiaron 95 ninos que ingresaron al Hospital Infantil de Medellin con el diagnostico de meningitis bacteriana aguda (MBA); 68 de ellos fueron menores de 2 anos (71.6%); el haemophilus influenzae tipo B fue el germen predominante (41.0%); le siguieron el streptococcus pneumoniae (27.4%), las enterobacterias (15.8%), la neisseria meningitidis (4.2%),el staphylococcus aureus (3.2%) y estreptococos beta hemiliticso (2.1%); uno de estos fue streptococcus agalactiae y correspondio al primer caso de MBA descrito en Medellin por tal microorganismo; igualmente, se hallo el primer caso colombiano de MBA por shigella. La fiebre, el vomito, la irritabilidad, los signos de irritacion meningea y las convulsiones, fueron las manifestaciones mas frecuentes; en general el cuadro clinico fue mas severo y mayores las complicaciones mientras menor fuera el paciente; los pacientes con convulsiones persistentes de predominio focal tenian, por lo general infarto cerebral, derrame subdural, dilatacion ventricular o una combiancion de los mismos. El origen bacteriano del padecimienyo se pudo comprobar en 89 pacientes (93.7%) mediante una combinacion de examenes directos, cultivos y contrainmunoelectroforesis. La mortalidad general fue de 19.0%; de otro lado el 26% de los pacientes quedo con secuelas tales como convulsiones, deficit motor y sordera. Por primera vez se comprobo en este Hospital resistencia del H. influenzae a la ampicilina ( 3 de las 26 cepas estudiadas). Con base en este y los demas hallazgos se recomiendan modificaciones..

Between aprl13, 1984 and march 31, 1986, 95 children with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) were admitted to Hospital lnfantil, Medellín, Colombia. 68 (71.6%) were under two years old. Haemophifus influenza type B was the predominant microorganism (41%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (27.4%), enterobacteriaceae (15.8%), Neisseria meningitidis (4.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.2%) and betahemolytlc streptococci (2.1%). One case produced by Streptococcus agalactiae was the first one in our Hospital and another one due to Shigella was the first one in Colombia. Bacterial origin was confirmed in 93.7% of the cases, employing direct examination, cultures and counter immuno electrophoresis. The most frequent clinical manifestations were: fever, vomit, irritability, meningeai irritation and seizures; the younger the patient the most severe the clinical picture. Those with persistent focal seizures showed cerebral infarction, subdural effusion, ventricular dilatation or a combination of them. Mortality was 19%; sequelae were observed in 26% (seizure, motor deficit and deafness); Haemophilus influenzae resistance to ampicilin was observed for the first time in this institution. We suggest modifications in the initial therapeutic approach and recommend the suppression of the routine pre-discharge lumbar puncture

Behcet's Syndrome in Korea: A Look at the Clinical Picture

Behcet's syndrome is being detected increasingly in Korea. To collect and document information concern- ing the clinical picture as it is records of patients seen in our clinic in the period between November 1983 and March 1986 were used as source material. In summary, it was found that (1) the total number of patients who had two majors symptoms at least were 410, including 170 men and 240 women; (2) Patients in their thirties were the most common, the mean age being 34.6 years; (3) according to Lehner's classification, the order of frequency of the different types was mucocutaneous (52%), ocular (33), arthritic (14%) and neurologic (1%) and according to Shimizu's classification, it was incomplete (39%), suspected (37%), and complete (24%); (4) oral ulcers, which had observed in 407 patients were the most frequent major symptom, followed by genital ulcers in 338 patients.