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Background: Deliberate self-harm is a complex behavior of maladaptive response to acute and chronic stress, and likely to be suffering from mental health problems as well as co-morbid general medical conditions, including several non-suicidal intentions to suicide. Deliberate self-harm was previously included in suicide. Sir Thomas Browne first used the word ‘Suicide’ in 1642 in his religion Medici. The word suicide originated from SUI (of oneself) & CAEDES (murder). According to WHO ‘Suicide’ refers to the act of killing oneself intentionally, performed by the person with full knowledge or expectation of the fatal outcome. This study aimed to analyze the pattern of psychiatric disorders among patients with deliberate self-harm. This study aimed to analyze the socio-demographic correlation among patients with deliberate self-harm. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine; emergency & OPD, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year; July 2012- June 2013. A total of 116 deliberate self-harm cases were included in this study as per the inclusion criteria. A convenience sampling technique was undertaken in this study. Results: The correlation of age, sex, economic status, religion, educational status, occupation, marital status, family history of mental illness, previous H/O mental illness, previous H/O physical illness, nature of stress factors, and the total number of DSH was significant between psychiatric disorder and co-morbid general medical condition. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between sociodemographic parameters among the patients with deliberate self-harm. Bangladesh is a country with a cultural heritage of thousands of years. Traditional values, and social and family bonding are the characteristics of the culture. Traditional value systems are being declined gradually due to the influence of western culture. The social structure is in a period of transition that is characterized by the waning of family ties and social support as well as an increase in urbanization and modernization. This factor together with psychiatric and co-morbid general medical conditions plays an important role in deliberate self-harm
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder among children and adolescents, and it is commonly accompanied with other developmental and psychological disorders.The prevalence of obesity in children continues to rise, and it is also a major social public concern that threatens human health.As a somatic comorbidity with ADHD, obesity is characterized by a high incidence.In this paper, the focus would be placed on the underlying mechanisms of ADHD accompanied with obesity from the aspects of genetics, perinatal period, environmental and neurobiological factors, which could provide a theoretical basis and intervention strategies for the early identification, rational treatment and long-term comprehensive management, as well as prevention and treatment effects of ADHD and its comorbidities.
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Background: Mortality profile is an analytical tool used to identify the various factors responsible for poor outcome of disease and it can also use to evaluate quality and efficiency of healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to summarise the clinical and epidemiological factors as well as to identify the risk factors associated with mortality among swine flu cases.Methods: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, hospital-based study conducted on 62 deceased patients due to swine flu reported at Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan during the outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in the year 2015. A standardized pre-structured questionnaire with consent was filled by help of bed head tickets and by interview of attendants of deceased patients.Results: Deaths were higher among age group of 31-45 years (35.48%). Case fatality rate for male patients (13.88%) was higher. Mortality was highest in females of rural background 27(43.55%). Majority of deceased patients (70.97%) had delay of 4-7 days in admission after onset of symptoms. Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and pregnancy was the major risk factors for poor outcome.Conclusions: Delay in diagnosis and admission may be the reason for higher mortality rate. The most common co morbid illness was Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (Ischemic heart disease, Rheumatic heart disease, Hypertension) and pregnancy.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuropathic pain (NeuP) associated with traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) can be severe, persistent, and resistant to treatment. Moreover, comorbidity associated with NeuP may worsen the pain and quality of life. This study compared persistent NeuP after BPI between patients with and without co-morbid conditions (psychiatric dysfunction and other painful conditions) and tramadol usage as a second-line agent in combination with an antiepileptic and/or antidepressant during a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: The medical records of patients diagnosed with BPI referred to a pain center between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed for 2 years retrospectively. Data regarding patient demographics, injury and surgical profiles, characteristics of NeuP and its severity, and treatment received were compared between patients with and without manifesting co-morbid conditions. The NeuP and pain intensity assessments were based on the DN4 questionnaire and a numerical rating scale, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 45 patients studied, 24 patients presented with one of the following co-morbid conditions: myofascial pain (21%), psychiatric disorder (17%), phantom limb pain (4%), complex regional pain syndrome (21%), and insomnia (37%). Tramadol was required by 20 patients with co-morbidity and, 9 patients without co-morbidity (p<0.001). The mean pain score after 2 years was higher in patients with co-morbidity than in those without co-morbidity (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent pain following BPI was more common in patients manifesting other painful conditions or psychiatric co-morbidity. A higher proportion of the patients in the co-morbid group required tramadol as a second-line of agent for pain relief.
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Adult , Humans , Brachial Plexus , Comorbidity , Demography , Follow-Up Studies , Medical Records , Neuralgia , Pain Clinics , Phantom Limb , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , TramadolABSTRACT
Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases in children.The diagnosis,classification and treatment of epilepsy are improving gradually and meet with the international standards.However,the understanding of the clinical significance of epilepsy combined with the mental and behavioral problems is not sufficient,which leads to the backlogging of the diagnosis and intervention of the co-morbidity,and further affects the long-term prognosis.The prevalence of epilepsy co-morbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is high,which seriously affects the quality of the lives in children and their families.Timely diagnosis and standardized treatment is very important for the clinical workers to improve the long-term prognosis of these children.In this paper,the possible mechanism,the disease characteristics,the standardized diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy combined with ADHD,are briefly introduced.
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Background: The localized form of granuloma annulare is usually self‑limiting, resolving within 2 years. Generalized granuloma annulare, on the other hand, runs a protracted course, with spontaneous resolution being rare. It is also characterized by a later age of onset, an increased incidence of diabetes mellitus, poor response to therapy, and an increased prevalence of HLA Bw35. Objective: To assess the efficacy of monthly pulsed rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline (ROM) therapy in the management of granuloma annulare.Methods: Six biopsy proven patients of granuloma annulare were included in the study, five of the generalized variety, and one localized. Three of these patients were resistant to standard modalities of treatment. All six patients were treated with pulses of once monthly ROM till complete resolution of all lesions. Results were analyzed in terms of complete resolution of lesions and side effects. Presence of comorbid conditions was noted. Result: All six patients were successfully treated with 4-8 pulses of monthly ROM. None of the patients reported any adverse effects. Limitations: Small sample size and the lack of a control group are limitations. Conclusion: Treatment with pulses of once monthly ROM caused complete resolution of lesions in both localized and generalized granuloma annulare, even in cases recalcitrant to conventional therapy. There were no side effects in any of the patients. Larger trials are needed to substantiate the efficacy of monthly ROM in granuloma annulare.
Subject(s)
Comorbidity , Female , Granuloma Annulare/drug therapy , Humans , Middle Aged , Minocycline/administration & dosage , Ofloxacin/administration & dosage , Pulse Therapy, Drug/methods , Rifampin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Background: As the World’s population is ageing, there is growing interest in various morbidity patterns among the elderly. Depression and depressive symptoms are common in elder people. Often depression is difficult to recognize. Aims & Objective: The study aims to assess the prevalence of Depression among study population and its relationship with socio demographic factors, co-morbid illness and functional impairment. Material and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done in selected rural & urban field practice areas of Department of SPM by means of simple random sampling. 17,415 populations were screened from 3383 households in both rural and urban areas to identify 1200 elderly aged 60 and above were administered with pretested questionnaire incorporating geriatric depression scale for assessing Depression. Results: The prevalence of Depression among study population was 31.7% (317/1000). The prevalence was high in rural areas (36%), as compared to urban areas (27%) and increasing with increasing age. It was significantly high among females (37.5%), singles (46%), staying alone (65%), low socio-economic group (34%), those with stressful life events (71%). The most common illnesses among the study population with depression were osteoarthritis (43.9%) cataract (25.2%), hypertension (17.6%), diabetes (7.6%) and heart diseases (3.9%). It was observed that functional impairment was high among those who have depression (6.5%). Conclusion: Depression is relatively high in rural area, females, illiterates, singles and sufferers of stressful life events or chronic diseases. There is a significant functional impairment with presence of Depression.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Depression & Anxiety among the Medically-ill out-patient population in various regions of the Philippines - so as to increase the awareness among other medical colleagues that Depression and Anxiety are real concerns of the medically ill. METHODOLGY: Data collection using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and its Pilipino translation (HADS-P) was done between October 2008 and March 2010. Patients seen at the clinics of participating physician -specialists (Cardiology, Endocrinology / Diabetology, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and Neurology) from these locations: National Capital Region (NCR), North & Central Luzon, Southern Luzon, Cebu, Iloilo and Davao were included in the study. RESULTS: 1. There was a total of 6,323 respondents. 59% were Females, 33% were Males. 29% were 31-50 years old; 28% were 51-65 years old and 17% were 66 years old and above. 2. Nationwide prevalence of Depression was 31 %. The oldest patient-groups (those age 51 to 65 years old and 66 years old and above), those on their first clinic visit and those earning monthly household incomes of Php 50,000 and below were significantly more likely to be depressed. 3. Nationwide prevalence of Anxiety was 36%. Females, between the ages of 12 to 50 years old, compared to the 51 years old and above, those on their first clinic visit and those earning monthly household incomes of Php 50,000 and below were significantly more likely to be anxious. 4. Prevalence rate of Depression in Iloilo and Southern Luzon was highest, followed by North and Central Luzon, then Cebu and Davao. Lowest rate of Depression was seen in the NCR. 5. Prevalence rate of Anxiety was highest in Iloilo closely followed by Southern Luzon and North/ Central Luzon; then Davao and Cebu, while the lowest rate was seen at the NCR. CONCLUSION: Depression (31%) and/or Anxiety (36%) were present in more than a third of the medically-ill out-patient population. Prevalence rates differed according to gender, age, income, nature of visit and location of the respondents.
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Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Depression , Anxiety , Outpatients , PhilippinesABSTRACT
Introducción. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de clorhidrato de metilfenidato de liberación controlada en sistema OROS (MPH OROS, Concerta®), en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) previamente tratados con metilfenidato de liberación inmediata (MLI). Material y métodos. Se incluyeron 97 niños entre 6 y 16 años, con diagnóstico de TDAH de cualquier subtipo, según los criterios del DSM-IV, con tratamiento previo por lo menos 4 semanas antes con MLI en dosis de 10 a 60 mg por día, y que presentaban buena respuesta clínica. Se excluyeron niños con otras enfermedades psiquiátricas o metabólicas. La dosis de MPH OROS se administró una vez al día entre 18 a 54 mg. Se utilizaron escalas de impresión global clínica (CGI), Escala Iowa Conners para padres y maestros, Escala de Interacción de Pares, efectos sobre sueño y apetito, escala Yale de tics, somatometría y registro de eventos adversos en cada visita. Resultados. De los 97 niños, abandonaron 26 [4 (4%) por respuesta insuficiente y 2 (2%) por hiporexia y calambres]. Se analizaron 71 pacientes, 64 (90%) masculinos, 7 (10%) femeninos, con edad promedio 9 ± 2 años, con peso inicial promedio 33.8 + 9.7 kg y peso final 34.7 + 9.9 kg. La dosis de MPH OROS fue de 18 mg en 64% de los pacientes. Ningún paciente desarrolló tics de novo. La mejoría clínica de los pacientes acorde a las escalas de Iowa Conners y de pares fue significativa (P =0.001, t de Student). Los eventos adversos más comunes fueron cefalea (7%) e hiporexia (6%) leves y transitorios. Conclusiones. Estos resultados preliminares permiten indicar que MPH OROS es una buena alternativa para el manejo de los niños con TDAH y el cambio por MLI en algunos pacientes mostró una mejoría superior sin impacto negativo en sueño y apetito.
Introduction. Objective: to assess the efficacy of controlled release OROS MPH (Concerta®) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) previously treated with immediate release methylphenidate (MPH IR). Material and methods. Children with ADHD, all subtypes, ages 6 to 12 years, with good response to MPH, were switched from IR MPH to OROS MPH once a day (qd in the morning) at 18 to 54 mg/day in a 1 year follow-up trial.The primary end-points for analysis were the last available patient visit using last observation carried forward.The scales used were CGI,Yale's for tics, somatometry, appetite and sleep evaluation from parents, and adverse events record. Results.We included 97 patients, 26 drop-outs [4 (4%) for treatment failure and 2 (2%) hyporexia and cramps]. Of the 71 patients, 64 (90%) male and 7 (10%) female, mean age 9 + 2 years, initial mean weigth 33.8 + 9.7 kg and final 34.7 + 9.9 kg (normal growth). Children with OROS MPH showed significantly greater reductions in core ADHD symptoms. On the basis of mean teacher and parents Iowa Conners and Peers interactions ratings were a significant improvement (P =0.001, Student t). CGI ratings were improvement as well.The most common adverse events were headache (7%) and hyporexia (6%) mild and transient. Conclusion. For the treatment of core ADHD symptoms, OROS MPH dosed qd were well tolerated and efficacy treatment and there were no negative impact on sleep and appetite.