The function of competitive intelligence in South African insurance post-COVID-19 outbreak

Background: Competitive intelligence (CI) involves monitoring competitors and providing organizations with actionable and meaningful intelligence. Some studies have focused on the role of CI in other industries post-COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This article aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the South African insurance sector and how the integration of CI and related technologies can sustain the South African insurance sector post-COVID-19 epidemic. Method: Qualitative research with an exploratory-driven approach was used to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the South African insurance sector. Qualitative secondary data analyses were conducted to measure insurance claims and death benefits paid during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The research findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the South African insurance industry, leading to a reassessment of pricing, products, and risk management. COVID-19 caused disparities in death benefits and claims between provinces; not everyone was insured. Despite challenges, South African insurers remained well-capitalised and attentive to policyholders. Integrating CI and analytical technologies could enhance the flexibility of prevention, risk management, and product design. Conclusion: COVID-19 requires digital transformation and CI for South African insurers' competitiveness. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), big data (BD), and CI enhances value, efficiency, and risk assessments. Contribution: This study highlights the importance of integrating CI strategies and related technologies into South African insurance firms' operations to aid in their recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. It addresses a research gap and adds to academic knowledge in this area.

Construction of competitive endogenous RNA network mediated by lung ischemia-reperfusion core genes / 器官移植

Objective To analyze the core genes of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Methods Original data of GSE145989 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as the training set, and the GSE172222 and GSE9634 datasets were used as the validation sets, and the differentially-expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and the core genes were screened, and the diagnostic values of these core genes and the immune infiltration levels of immune cells were evaluated. The ceRNA network was constructed and validated. The targeted drugs based on ceRNA network were assessed. Results A total of 179 DEG were identified, including 61 down-regulated and 118 up-regulated genes. GO analysis showed that DEGs were associated with multiple biological processes, such as cell migration, differentiation and regulation, etc. They were correlated with cell components, such as vesicle membrane, serosa and membrane raft, etc. They were also associated with multiple molecular functions, such as chemokine receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, immune receptor activity and antigen binding, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEG were involved in tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Wnt, interleukin (IL)-17 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways, etc. PPI network suggested that CD8A, IL2RG, STAT1, CD3G and SYK were the core genes of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. The ceRNA network prompted that miR-146a-3p, miR-28-5p and miR-593-3p were related to the expression level of CD3G. The miR-149-3p, miR-342-5p, miR-873-5p and miR-491-5p were correlated with the expression level of IL-2RG. The miR-194-3p, miR-512-3p, miR-377-3p and miR-590-3p were associated with the expression level of SYK. The miR-590-3p and miR-875-3p were related to the expression level of CD8A. The miR-143-5p, miR-1231, miR-590-3p and miR-875-3p were associated with the expression level of STAT1. There were 13 targeted drugs for CD3G, 4 targeted drugs for IL-2RG, 28 targeted drugs for SYK and 3 targeted drugs for lncRNA MUC2. No targeted drugs were identified for CD8A, STAT1 and other ceRNA network genes. Conclusions CD8A, IL2RG, STAT1, CD3G and SYK are the core genes of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. The research and analysis of these core genes probably contribute to the diagnosis of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and providing novel research ideas and therapeutic targets.

Transcriptome Sequencing on Treatment of Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis-thin Endometrium in Rats with Bushen Huoxue Prescription Through Enema / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue enema in treating the rat model of kidney deficiency and blood stasis-thin endometrium （KDBS-TE） by transcriptome sequencing. MethodThe rat model of KDBS-TE was established by administration of tripterygium polyglycosides tablets combined with subcutaneous injection of adrenaline. The pathological changes of rat endometrium in each group were then observed. Three uterine tissue specimens from each of the blank group， model group， and Bushen Huoxue enema group were randomly selected for transcriptome sequencing. The differentially expressed circRNAs， lncRNAs， and miRNAs were screened， and the disease-related specific competitive endogenous RNA （ceRNA） regulatory network was constructed. Furthermore， the gene ontology （GO） functional annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment were performed for the mRNAs in the network. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed endometrial dysplasia， decreased endometrial thickness and endometrial/total uterine wall thickness ratio （P<0.01）， and differential expression of 18 circRNAs， 410 lncRNAs， and 7 miRNAs. Compared with the model group， the enema and estradiol valerate groups showed improved endometrial morphology and increased endometrial thickness and ratio of endometrial to total uterine wall thickness （P<0.05）. In addition， 21 circRNAs， 518 lncRNAs， and 17 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the enema group. The disease-related specific circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network composed of 629 nodes and 664 edges contained 2 circRNAs， 34 miRNAs， and 593 mRNAs. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network composed of 180 nodes and 212 edges contained 5 lncRNAs， 10 miRNAs， and 164 mRNAs. The mNRAs were mainly enriched in Hippo signaling pathway， autophagy-animal， axon guidance， etc. ConclusionBushen Huoxue enema can treat KDBS-TE in rats by regulating specific circRNAs， lncRNAs， and miRNAs in the uterus and the ceRNA network.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0087893 participates in intraventricular hemorrhage occurrence and progression possibly as a competitive endogenous RNA in preterm infants / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To screen for differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the serum of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and explore the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism of circRNAs in IVH in these infants.@*METHODS@#Fifty preterm infants (gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks) admitted in our department between January, 2019 and January, 2020 were enrolled in this study, including 25 with a MRI diagnosis of IVH and 25 without IVH. Serum samples were collected from 3 randomly selected infants from each group for profiling differentially expressed circRNAs using circRNA array technique. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were performed to reveal the function of the identified circRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to identify the co-expression network of hsa_circ_ 0087893.@*RESULTS@#A total of 121 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in the infants with IVH, including 62 up-regulated and 59 down-regulated circRNAs. GO and pathway analyses showed that these circRNAs were involved in multiple biological processes and pathways, including cell proliferation, activation and death, DNA damage and repair, retinol metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, cell adhesion molecules. Among these circRNAs, hsa_circ_0087893 was found to have significant down-regulation in IVH group and co-express with 41 miRNAs and 15 mRNAs (such as miR-214-3p, miR-761, miR-183-5p, AKR1B1, KRT34, PPP2CB, and HPRT1).@*CONCLUSION@#The circRNA hsa_circ_0087893 may function as a ceRNA and play an important role in the occurrence and progression of IVH in preterm infants.

Construction of CeRNA network of differential LncRNAs in THP-1 cells infected by Dengue virus type Ⅲ and its antibody dependent enhancement / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#ObjectiveTo establish models of Dengue virus type Ⅲ（DENV-3,DV-3）infection and antibody dependent enhancement(ADE)infection at the acute monocytic leukemia cells(THP-1),investigate the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs),map the competitive endogenous RNA(CeRNA)regulatory network and predict the translation function of LncRNAs.MethodsThe culture supernatant was harvested 6 d after C6/36 cells were infected with DENV-3,the virus titer was determined by CCID50,and the type and full-length genome amplification were identified by PCR;The DENV-3 standard plasmid was amplified,identified by PCR,and the standard curve was drawn;THP-1 cells were divided into negative control group(THP-1),direct infection group(DV-3),ADE group and blank control group[1640(-)]. After 48 h of infection,the total RNA was extracted and the copy number of intracellular virus nucleic acid was measured;Through the whole transcriptome sequencing technology,the CeRNA regulatory network was constructed for the top five up-regulated and down-regulated LncRNAs in THP-1 vs DENV3,THP-1 vs ADE,DENV3 vs ADE groups,and the functions of their coding proteins were analyzed.ResultsC6/36 cells infected with DENV-3 for 3 d showed obvious cell fusion,vacuoles and abscission;The virus had a titer of about 1. 0 × 104. 64PFU/mL and was identified as DENV-3 by PCR specific primers,of which the complete gene sequence was obtained;The number of viral nucleic acid copies in ADE group was significantly higher than those in DV-3 group and blank control group;In THP-1 vs DENV-3,the expression of cytohesin interacting protein(CYTIP)was predicted to be up-regulated;In THP-1 vs ADE,the expression of kinesin family5A(KIF5A)was predicted to be down-regulated;In DENV-3 vs ADE,the expression of cluster differentiation antigen 9(CD9)and insulin like growth factor 2(IGF2)was predicted to be up-regulated. All of these differential LncRNAs had open reading frames(ORFs). Except Lnc-SH3BP1 and Lnc-RPL41,all of the other LncRNAs had internal ribosome binding site(IRES).ConclusionIn DENV-3 infection of THP-1 cells and ADE infection mediated by DENV-3,the expression of LncRNAs has changed significantly,and may regulate the process of infection through a variety of biological functions,which is helpful for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of ADE infection.

Effects of long non-coding RNA HAGLR on the prognosis of breast cancer and the construction of competitive endogenous RNA interaction network / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To explore the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HAGLR in breast cancer and its effect on the prognosis of breast cancer, and to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.Methods:The Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology website was used to search for HAGLR chromosome gene mapping and transcript expression. The lnclocater website was used to predict the subcellular localization of HAGLR, and the differential expression of HAGLR in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was analyzed by using lnCAR database. The patients in lnCAR database were divided into HAGLR high expression group and HAGLR low expression according to HAGLR expression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival, which was verified by using UCSC Xena database. lnCAR database was used to search the co-expressed genes of HAGLR. The top 200 co-expressed genes were submitted to the Metascape website for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis, and protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed. Starbase, a bioinformatics online analysis website, was used to predict HAGLR targeting mircoRNA (miRNA) and mRNA that directly encoded proteins. ceRNA network of HAGLR was constructed with Cytoscape3.8 software.Results:HAGLR gene was localized in 2q31.1 and mainly distributed in cytoplasm. The expression level of HAGLR in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). lnCAR database and UCSC Xena database analysis showed that OS in HAGLR high expression group was worse than that in HAGLR low expression group (all P < 0.01). lnCAR database, the metastasis-free survival in HAGLR high expression group was worse than that in HAGLR low expression group ( P = 0.030). Among the top 200 HAGLR co-expressed genes, 129 genes were negatively correlated with HAGLR and 71 genes were positively correlated with HAGLR. KEGG pathway analysis showed that HAGLR was related to metabolic pathways, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and cancer pathway. GO annotation analysis showed that HAGLR was mainly enriched in cell cycle, centromeric complex assembly, mitotic progression, protein kinase binding, kinase activity regulation, cell response to DNA damage stimulation and other functions. hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-1245b-5p, hsa-miR-182b-5p, hsa-miR-512-3p, hsa-miR-302b-3p, hsa-miR-185b-5p, hsa-miR-106b-5p were HAGLR targeting miRNA. Conclusions:HAGLR is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and it may be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Review of the competitive generic drug incentive system in the United States and its enlightenment to China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide ideas and inspiration for promoting the development of the generic drug industry and legal system of China. METHODS With text analysis， empirical research and other methods， the competitive generic drug incentive system in the United States was combed， its implementation effect and successful experience were analyzed， and the reference was provided for the implementation of relevant systems in China. RESULTS The competitive generic drug incentive system in the United States had achieved a satisfactory effect in three aspects： encouraging generic drug applications， accelerating the listing of generic drugs， and promoting drug price reduction， which was ultimately conducive to improving drug accessibility by publishing List of Off-Patent，Off-Exclusivity Drugs without an Approved Generic， while accelerating the development and review of generic drugs with insufficient competition and giving market exclusivity periods. CONCLUSIONS China’s reference to the competitive generic drug incentive system in the United States meets the needs of the current situation of domestic drug supply and also has the basis for industry practice. Therefore， we can refer to it， improve the system of releasing the catalog of encouraged generic drugs to be imitated， optimize the approval process for them， and authorize the exclusive period incentive to them.

Special training for boxer's athletic ability and body control / Treinamento especial para habilidade atlética de boxeador e controle corporal / Entrenamiento especial para la capacidad atlética del boxeador y el control corporal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Boxing is a global sport, including tactics, body, and mind for intense fighting. Athletes need high strength, speed, endurance, agility, and endurance. Through professional training, athletes' agility and body control are continuously improved. Objective: To develop special fitness training for professional boxers. This conclusion can provide a reference for boxing education and training. Methods: This paper studies the special training of professional boxers by employing literature materials, expert interviews, and self-experience methods. Analysis of the results is done using mathematical statistics. Results: This paper found several particular boxing training methods, such as high-intensity, intensive and developmental training, through analysis. Conclusion: Professional training has a particular promoting effect on improving the physical fitness and competition level of boxers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O boxe é um esporte global, incluindo táticas, corpo e mente para uma luta intensa. Os atletas precisam de muita força, velocidade, resistência, agilidade e resistência. Através do treinamento profissional, a agilidade e o controle corporal dos atletas são continuamente melhorados. Objetivo: Desenvolver um treinamento especial de aptidão física para boxeadores profissionais. Esta conclusão pode fornecer uma referência para o ensino e treinamento do boxe. Métodos: Este artigo estuda o treinamento especial de boxeadores profissionais empregando materiais de literatura, entrevistas com especialistas e métodos de auto experiência. Faz-se análise dos resultados empregando estatísticas matemáticas. Resultados: Este trabalho encontrou vários métodos particulares de treinamento de boxe, tais como treinamento de alta intensidade, intensivo e de desenvolvimento, através de análise. Conclusão: O treinamento profissional tem um efeito particular de promoção na melhoria da aptidão física e do nível de competição dos boxeadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El boxeo es un deporte global, que incluye la táctica, el cuerpo y la mente para un combate intenso. Los atletas necesitan mucha fuerza, velocidad, resistencia, agilidad y resistencia. Gracias al entrenamiento profesional, la agilidad y el control corporal de los atletas mejoran continuamente. Objetivo: Desarrollar un entrenamiento físico especial para boxeadores profesionales. Esta conclusión puede servir de referencia para la educación y la formación del boxeo. Métodos: Este trabajo estudia el entrenamiento especial de los boxeadores profesionales empleando materiales bibliográficos, entrevistas con expertos y métodos de auto experiencia. El análisis de los resultados se realiza mediante estadísticas matemáticas. Resultados: Este trabajo encontró varios métodos particulares de entrenamiento de boxeo como el entrenamiento de alta intensidad, intensivo y de desarrollo a través del análisis. Conclusión: El entrenamiento profesional tiene un efecto especial de promoción en la mejora de la condición física y el nivel de competición de los boxeadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Influence of high-intensity exercise on physical fitness of swimmers / Influência do exercício de alta intensidade sobre a aptidão física dos nadadores / Influencia del ejercicio de alta intensidad en la aptitud física de los nadadores

ABSTRACT Introduction High-intensity swimming requires athletes to have explosive power, endurance, lactic acid resistance, aerobic metabolism, and other qualities. Pre-competition physical training is mainly based on high interval training, promoting ATP-CP synthesis in the body. It can enhance the resistance to lactic acid and promote lactic acid clearance. Objective This article explores the effect of high-intensity pre-competition training on the physical fitness of swimmers. The results can be used as a reference for swimmers to perform high-intensity training before the competition. Methods Eight swimmers were selected by random sampling. The study subjects received eight weeks of high-intensity training before the competition. The athletes' gas metabolism and anaerobic thresholds were detected before and after training. At the same time, the physiological and chemical indicators of the experimental subjects were detected in this paper. Finally, this paper analyzes the experimental results by employing mathematical statistics. Results The metabolism function of the athletes changed significantly in the later period of pre-competition training (P<0.05). Serum lactate concentration had no significant effect on the anaerobic threshold (P>0.05). Conclusion High-intensity exercise has a particular promotion effect on improving the physical quality of swimmers. This exercise can lay a solid foundation for the swimmer's physical fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução A natação de alta intensidade requer que os atletas tenham uma força explosiva, resistência, tolerância ao ácido láctico, metabolismo aeróbico e outras qualidades. O treinamento físico pré-competição é baseado principalmente no treinamento de alto intervalo, o que pode promover a síntese de ATP-CP no corpo. Ele pode aumentar a resistência ao ácido láctico e promover a sua eliminação. Objetivo Este artigo explora o efeito do treinamento pré-competição de alta intensidade sobre a aptidão física dos nadadores. Os resultados podem ser usados como referência para os nadadores realizarem treinamentos de alta intensidade antes da competição. Métodos Oito nadadores foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória. Os sujeitos do estudo receberam oito semanas de treinamento de alta intensidade antes da competição. O metabolismo dos gases e os limiares anaeróbicos dos atletas foram detectados antes e depois do treinamento. Paralelamente, os indicadores fisiológicos e químicos dos sujeitos experimentais foram detectados neste trabalho. Finalmente, este trabalho analisa os resultados experimentais empregando estatísticas matemáticas. Resultados A função metabólica dos atletas alterou-se significativamente no último período de treinamento pré-competição (P<0,05). A concentração sérica de lactato não teve efeito significativo no limiar anaeróbico (P>0,05). Conclusão O exercício de alta intensidade tem um efeito especial de promoção na melhoria da qualidade física dos nadadores. Este exercício pode estabelecer uma base sólida para a aptidão física do nadador. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La natación de alta intensidad requiere que los atletas tengan fuerza explosiva, resistencia, tolerancia al ácido láctico, metabolismo aeróbico y otras cualidades. El entrenamiento físico previo a la competición se basa principalmente en el entrenamiento de alto intervalo, que puede promover la síntesis de ATP-CP en el cuerpo. Puede aumentar la resistencia al ácido láctico y favorecer su eliminación. Objetivo Este trabajo explora el efecto del entrenamiento de alta intensidad previo a la competición en la condición física de los nadadores. Los resultados pueden servir de referencia para que los nadadores realicen un entrenamiento de alta intensidad antes de la competición. Métodos Se seleccionaron ocho nadadores por muestreo aleatorio. Los sujetos del estudio recibieron ocho semanas de entrenamiento de alta intensidad antes de la competición. Se detectó el metabolismo gaseoso y los umbrales anaeróbicos de los atletas antes y después del entrenamiento. Paralelamente, en este trabajo se detectaron los indicadores fisiológicos y químicos de los sujetos experimentales. Por último, este documento analiza los resultados experimentales empleando estadísticas matemáticas. Resultados La función metabólica de los atletas cambió significativamente en el último período de entrenamiento previo a la competición (P<0,05). La concentración de lactato sérico no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el umbral anaeróbico (P>0,05). Conclusión El ejercicio de alta intensidad tiene un efecto promotor especial en la mejora de la calidad física de los nadadores. Este ejercicio puede establecer una base sólida para la aptitud física del nadador. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Physical function characteristics of swimmers in pre-competition training / Características da função física dos nadadores em treinamento pré-competição / Características de la función física de los nadadores en el entrenamiento previo a la competición

ABSTRACT Introduction: Swimming is a competitive athletic activity whose fundamental objective is to produce high-performance athletes capable of standing out worldwide. Aerobic balance directly affects the athletic performance of these professionals. Objective: Investigate the changes in the physical composition and functional characteristics of swimmers before the competition. The results can play an important guiding role in the training plan of the Chinese athletics team in the competition. Methods: To explore the relationship between swimmers of different ages, the athletes were trained, and their physiological and chemical changes were monitored before the competition. A statistical, mathematical method was used to analyze the data. Results: After exercise, the swimmers' hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, creatine kinase, blood urea, and other indices had changed. The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the swimmers' body function was stable before the competition with better exercise load capacity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A natação é uma atividade atlética competitiva cujo objetivo fundamental é produzir atletas de alto rendimento capazes de destacarem-se mundialmente. O equilíbrio aeróbico afeta diretamente o desempenho atlético desses profissionais. Objetivo: Investigar as mudanças na composição física e nas características funcionais dos nadadores antes da competição. Os resultados podem desempenhar um importante papel de orientação no plano de treinamento da equipe de atletismo chinesa na competição. Métodos: Para explorar a relação entre nadadores de diferentes idades, os atletas foram treinados e suas alterações fisiológicas e químicas foram monitoradas antes da competição. Utilizou-se método matemático estatístico para analisar os dados. Resultados: Após exercício físico, a hemoglobina dos nadadores, contagem de glóbulos vermelhos, hematócrito, creatinaquinase, ureia no sangue e outros índices tiveram alterações. A diferença entre os dois grupos foi significativa (P<0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que antes da competição, a função corporal dos nadadores foi estável com melhor capacidade de carga de exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La natación es una actividad atlética competitiva cuyo objetivo fundamental es producir atletas de alto rendimiento capaces de destacarse a nivel mundial. El equilibrio aeróbico afecta directamente al rendimiento deportivo de estos profesionales. Objetivo: Investigar los cambios en la composición física y las características funcionales de los nadadores antes de la competición. Los resultados pueden desempeñar un importante papel de guía en el plan de entrenamiento del equipo de atletismo chino en la competición. Métodos: Para explorar la relación entre nadadores de diferentes edades, se entrenó a los atletas y se controlaron sus cambios fisiológicos y químicos antes de la competición. Para analizar los datos se utilizó el método matemático estadístico. Resultados: Tras el ejercicio, la hemoglobina, el recuento de glóbulos rojos, el hematocrito, la creatina quinasa, la urea en sangre y otros índices de los nadadores presentaron cambios. La diferencia entre los dos grupos fue significativa (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que antes de la competición, la función corporal de los nadadores era estable y con mejor capacidad de carga de ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

A systematic study on body control in golf players / Estudo sistemático sobre o controle corporal em jogadores de golfe / Estudio sistemático sobre el control corporal en jugadores de golf

ABSTRACT Introduction: Golf is a high-precision sport that requires excellent manual skills and motor coordination. These requirements are essential to determine a player's swing level and, consequently, their sports performance. Objective: Investigate the impact of athletes' body control on golf performance. Methods: To study the three-dimensional motion of golf players in China, the relevant theories and techniques of sports biomechanics were used on 12 golfing volunteers. Real-time sampling correction and analysis were performed using APAS dynamic analysis technology. This paper uses the DLT method to analyze the spatial location of each point three-dimensionally. SPSS15.0 software was used for statistical processing and screening of the results of the tests. Statistics are presented as mean and standard values. Results: The correlation between the golfers' center of gravity in hitting and the rate of motion in the swing was evidenced. The velocity obtained by the racket when hitting the ball is related to the golfer's hip inversion angle. Conclusion: A lower body center of gravity is beneficial to improve golf swing efficiency. Keeping the body in balance is the key to mastering the stroke and acceleration of the racquet. When the athlete performs the reverse pull, the energy they receive also increases, highlighting the need for specific training to promote the athlete's body balance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O golfe é um esporte de alta precisão que requer excelentes habilidades manuais e coordenação motora. Estes requisitos são essenciais para determinar o nível de balanço de um jogador e, consequentemente, o seu desempenho esportivo. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto do controle corporal dos atletas no desempenho do golfe. Métodos: Para estudar o movimento tridimensional dos jogadores de golfe na China, foram utilizadas as teorias e técnicas relevantes da biomecânica do esporte sobre 12 voluntários praticantes de golfe. A correção e a análise em tempo real da amostragem foram realizadas utilizando a tecnologia de análise dinâmica da APAS. Este artigo usa o método DLT para analisar a localização espacial de cada ponto tridimensionalmente. O programa SPSS15.0 foi usado para processamento estatístico e triagem dos resultados nos testes. As estatísticas são apresentadas como valores médios e padrão. Resultados: A correlação entre o centro de gravidade dos golfistas no acerto e na taxa de movimento no balanço foi evidenciada. A velocidade obtida pela raquete no momento da tacada da bola está relacionada ao ângulo de inversão do quadril do golfista. Conclusão: Um centro de gravidade inferior do corpo é benéfico para melhorar a eficiência da tacada de golfe. Manter o corpo em equilíbrio é a chave para dominar a batida e a aceleração da raquete. Quando o atleta realiza a tração reversa, a energia que ele recebe também aumenta, evidenciando a necessidade de um treinamento específico para promover o equilíbrio corporal do esportista. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El golf es un deporte de alta precisión que requiere excelentes habilidades manuales y coordinación motora. Estos requisitos son esenciales para determinar el nivel de balanceo de un jugador y, en consecuencia, su rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Investigar el impacto del control corporal de los atletas en el rendimiento del golf. Métodos: Para estudiar el movimiento tridimensional de los jugadores de golf en China, se utilizaron las teorías y técnicas pertinentes de la biomecánica deportiva en 12 voluntarios golfistas. La corrección y el análisis del muestreo en tiempo real se realizaron mediante la tecnología de análisis dinámico APAS. Este trabajo utiliza el método DLT para analizar la ubicación espacial de cada punto en tres dimensiones. Se utilizó el programa informático SPSS15.0 para el tratamiento estadístico y el cribado de los resultados en las pruebas. Las estadísticas se presentan como media y valores estándar. Resultados: Se evidenció la correlación entre el centro de gravedad de los golfistas en el golpeo y la velocidad de movimiento en el balanceo. La velocidad obtenida por la raqueta en el momento de golpear la pelota está relacionada con el ángulo de inversión de la cadera del golfista. Conclusión: Un centro de gravedad corporal más bajo es beneficioso para mejorar la eficiencia del balanceo de golf. Mantener el cuerpo en equilibrio es clave para dominar el golpe y la aceleración de la raqueta. Cuando el atleta realiza el tirón inverso, la energía que recibe también aumenta, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de un entrenamiento específico para favorecer el equilibrio corporal del atleta. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Evaluation of difficulty in women's aerobic gymnastics competitions / Avaliação da dificuldade em competições de ginástica aeróbica feminina / Evaluación de la dificultad en competiciones de gimnasia aeróbica femenina

ABSTRACT Introduction Feminine aerobic gymnastics is a highly artistic competition, and analyzing its difficulties is fundamental. Objective This work analyzes the difficulty of the movements of feminine aerobic gymnastics. This study aims to explore the choreographic characteristics of the difficulty of the movements and evaluate their difficulties. Methods Several female aerobics athletes are selected as volunteers for the research. The women's aerobic gymnastics video points are classified, grouped, scored, and their actions combined, recorded, and organized. Mathematical statistics are used to analyze the difficulty of aerobics movements. Results The difficulty factor is the best quantitative scoring criterion to judge the competition results. The highest frequency in Group B was the right-angle split leg combination to support the 720° twist. The highest frequency in Group C was the 180° scissor transformation. The highest frequency in Group D was the unsupported vertical split. The five-person project difficulty score choice tended to be stable and high. Conclusion The transition types of difficulty action space in the competition of the women's aerobics team are B-C-B, B-C-A, B, A. The difficulty score of the women's aerobics team competition was significantly correlated with the final score. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução A ginástica aeróbica feminina é uma competição altamente artística e a análise de suas dificuldades é fundamental. Objetivo Este trabalho analisa a dificuldade dos movimentos da ginástica aeróbica feminina. Este estudo visa explorar as características coreográficas da dificuldade dos movimentos e avaliar as suas dificuldades. Métodos Várias atletas de aeróbica feminina são selecionadas como voluntárias para a pesquisa. Os pontos de vídeo da ginástica aeróbica feminina são classificados, agrupados, pontuados, tem suas ações combinadas, gravadas e organizadas. São utilizadas estatísticas matemáticas para analisar a dificuldade dos movimentos da aeróbica. Resultados O fator de dificuldade é o melhor critério de pontuação quantitativa para julgar os resultados da competição. A maior frequência no Grupo B foi a combinação de perna dividida em ângulo reto para suportar o giro de 720°. A mais alta frequência no Grupo C foi a transformação em tesoura de 180°. A mais alta frequência no Grupo D foi a divisão vertical sem suporte. A escolha da pontuação da dificuldade do projeto de cinco pessoas tende a ser estável e alta. Conclusão Os tipos de transição do espaço de ação de dificuldade na competição da equipe de aeróbica feminina são B-C-B, B-C-A, B, A. A pontuação da dificuldade da competição da equipe de aeróbica feminina foi significativamente correlacionada com a pontuação final. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La gimnasia aeróbica femenina es una competición altamente artística y el análisis de sus dificultades es fundamental. Objetivo Este trabajo analiza la dificultad de los movimientos de la gimnasia aeróbica femenina. Este estudio pretende explorar las características coreográficas de la dificultad de los movimientos y evaluar sus dificultades. Métodos Se seleccionan varias atletas de aeróbic como voluntarias para la investigación. Los puntos de vídeo de la gimnasia aeróbica femenina se clasifican, se agrupan, se puntúan, se combinan sus acciones, se graban y se organizan. Se utilizan estadísticas matemáticas para analizar la dificultad de los movimientos aeróbicos. Resultados El factor de dificultad es el mejor criterio de puntuación cuantitativa para juzgar los resultados del concurso. La frecuencia más alta en el Grupo B fue la combinación de pierna dividida en ángulo recto para soportar el giro de 720°. La mayor frecuencia en el Grupo C fue la transformación en tijera de 180º. La frecuencia más alta en el Grupo D fue la división vertical sin apoyo. La elección de la puntuación de dificultad del proyecto de cinco personas tendió a ser estable y alta. Conclusión Los tipos de transición del espacio de acción de dificultad en la competición del equipo de aeróbic femenino son B-C-B, B-C-A, B, A. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The stability of athletes' psychological quality in major basketball games / A estabilidade da qualidade psicológica dos atletas em grandes jogos de basquetebol / La estabilidad de la calidad psicológica de los deportistas en los grandes partidos de baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction Athletes go through psychological wear during competition phases and we should pay attention to the training of athletes' physical quality, in addition to the exercise of the athlete's psychological quality. Objective This study aims to analyze the relationship between the psychological quality of basketball players and their performance in the game. Methods Basketball players volunteer for the experiment with the "Sixteen Personality Factors Test" scale compiled by American psychologist R.B Cartel to conduct a survey questionnaire. The mathematical statistics method to analyze the data of the research results. Results There were significant differences among the athletes in the broad internal attention and attention pictures (P<0.05). The tenacity, self-control, decision and self-confidence of the analyzed basketball players are at the medium-high level. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between basketball players' psychological quality and their athletic performance. Basketball players need to develop self-control and overcome psychological barriers during the game. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Os atletas passam por desgastes psicológicos durante as fases de competição e devemos atentar-nos ao treinamento da qualidade física dos atletas, além do exercício da qualidade psicológica do atleta. Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a qualidade psicológica dos jogadores de basquetebol e o desempenho no jogo. Métodos Jogadores de basquetebol se voluntariam para o experimento com a escala de "Teste dos Dezesseis Fatores de Personalidade" compilada pelo psicólogo americano R.B Cartel para realizar um questionário de pesquisa. O método de estatística matemática para analisar os dados dos resultados da pesquisa. Resultados Houve diferenças significativas entre os atletas quanto a atenção interna ampla e as imagens de atenção (P<0,05). A tenacidade, autocontrole, decisão e autoconfiança dos jogadores de basquetebol analisados encontram-se no nível médio-alto. Conclusão Há uma correlação positiva entre a qualidade psicológica dos jogadores de basquetebol e o seu desempenho atlético. Os jogadores de basquetebol precisam desenvolver autocontrole e superar barreiras psicológicas durante o jogo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Los atletas pasan por un desgaste psicológico durante las fases de competición y debemos prestar atención al entrenamiento de la calidad física de los atletas, además del ejercicio de la calidad psicológica del atleta. Objetivo Este estudio pretende analizar la relación entre la calidad psicológica de los jugadores de baloncesto y el rendimiento en el juego. Métodos Los jugadores de baloncesto se ofrecen como voluntarios para el experimento con la escala "Sixteen Personality Factors Test" compilada por el psicólogo estadounidense R.B Cartel para realizar un cuestionario de investigación. El método estadístico matemático para analizar los datos de los resultados de la investigación. Resultados Hubo diferencias significativas entre los atletas en cuanto a la atención amplia interna y los cuadros de atención (P<0,05). La tenacidad, el autocontrol, la decisión y la autoconfianza de los jugadores de baloncesto analizados están en el nivel medio-alto. Conclusión Existe una correlación positiva entre la calidad psicológica de los jugadores de baloncesto y su rendimiento deportivo. Los jugadores de baloncesto necesitan desarrollar el autocontrol y superar las barreras psicológicas durante el juego. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Efectos en el estado de bienestar en periodo de confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en jugadores profesionales de fútbol / Effects on the wellness state in period of confinement due to COVID-19 in professional soccer players

Resumen El propósito del estudio fue conocer las alteraciones en el estado de bienestar en periodo de confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en jugadores de fútbol profesional de la primera división B de Chile. Participaron 28 jugadores profesionales de fútbol varones, edad 26 ± 6.3 años, masa corporal de 74.2 ± 5.5 kg y estatura de 177 ± 0.05 cm. Se evaluó el grado de bienestar a través de un cuestionario (McLean et al., 2010) durante periodo competitivo y periodo de confinamiento de la temporada 2020. Se muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05) entre el periodo competitivo y el periodo de confinamiento, en FT (t = 2.5; p = 0.0), SO (t = 2.71; p = 0.01), ES (t = 5.07; p = 0.0), EA (t = 1.82; p = 0.08) y T (t = 4.87; p = 0.0). Se reflejaron TE pequeños en las variables EA y DM (d = 0.7; d = 0.4 respectivamente), moderados en FT y SO (d = 1.0; d = 1.2 respectivamente) y muy grandes en ES y T (d = 2.1; d = 2.0 respectivamente). Los PC y CV entre periodos para las variables de bienestar fueron para FT 11% y 11.6%, para DM 5.3% y 13.1%, para SO 9.3%; 7.5%, ES 11.6% y 5.9, para EA 3.9%; 5.2%, y finalmente para T 8.1% y 4.0% respectivamente. Es posible concluir que el estado de bienestar en jugadores profesionales de fútbol se ve alterado en el periodo de confinamiento respecto al de competición, encontrándose cambios significativos en las variables FT, SO, ES y T, que coincidieron con los cambios de moderados a muy grandes de estas mismas variables, como también los PC fueron más grandes que el CV entre periodos; por lo que podríamos considerar estos cambios como reales, y que pudiesen ser un efecto atribuible al aislamiento obligatorio.

Abstract This study aimed to find changes in the wellness state, during the confinement period due to COVID-19, in professional soccer players from the first division B of Chile. The studied sample consisted of 28 professional male soccer players aged 26 ± 6.3 years, body mass 74.2 ± 5.5 kg, and height 177 ± 0.05 cm. The degree of well-being was evaluated through a questionnaire (McLean et al., 2010) during the 2020 competitive and confinement periods. Statistically, significant differences (p <0.05) between the competitive period and the confinement period are shown in FT (t = 2.5; p = 0.0), SO (t = 2.71; p = 0.01), ES (t = 5.07; p = 0.0), EA (t = 1.82; p = 0.08), and T (t = 4.87; p = 0.0). Small TE were reflected in the variables EA and DM (d = 0.7; d = 0.4 respectively), moderate in FAT and SO (d = 1.0; d = 1.2 respectively), and very large in ES and T (d = 2.1; d = 2.0 respectively). The CP and CV between periods for the well-being variables were the following: for FAT, 11% and 11.6%, for DM, 5.3% and 13.1%; for SO, 9.3%; 7.5%, ES 11.6% and 5.9, for EA 3.9%; 5.2%, and finally for T 8.1% and 4.0% respectively. It is possible to conclude that the state of well-being in professional soccer players is altered in the period of confinement with respect to that of competition, finding significant changes in the variables FT, SO, ES, and T, which coincided with the changes from moderate to very large of these same variables, as well as the PC were larger than the CV between periods. Therefore, we could consider these changes as real, and they could be an effect attributable to the mandatory isolation.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as alterações no estado de bem-estar no período de confinamento devido à COVID-19 entre jogadores profissionais de futebol da primeira divisão B do Chile. Vinte e oito jogadores profissionais de futebol masculino participaram, com idade de 26 ± 6,3 anos, massa corporal de 74,2 ± 5,5 kg e altura de 177 ± 0,05 cm. O grau de bem-estar foi avaliado por meio de um questionário (McLean et al., 2010) durante os períodos competitivos e de confinamento da temporada 2020. Forma demonstradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre o período competitivo e o de confinamento, em FT (t = 2,5; p = 0,0), SO (t = 2,71; p = 0,01), ES (t = 5,07; p = 0,0), EA (t = 1,82; p = 0,08) e T (t = 4,87; p = 0,0). TE pequenos foram refletidos nas variáveis EA e DM (d = 0,7; d = 0,4 respectivamente), moderados em FT e SO (d = 1,0; d = 1,2 respectivamente) e muito grandes em ES e T (d = 2,1; d = 2,0 respectivamente). O PC e o CV entre períodos para as variáveis de bem-estar foram para FT 11% e 11,6%, para DM 5,3% e 13,1%, para SO 9,3%; 7,5%, ES 11,6% e 5,9, para EA 3,9%; 5,2%, e finalmente para T 8,1% e 4,0% respectivamente. É possível concluir que o estado de bem-estar dos jogadores de futebol profissional ficou alterado no período de confinamento em relação ao período de competição, encontrando alterações significativas nas variáveis FT, SO, ES e T, que coincidiram com alterações moderadas a muito grandes nestas mesmas variáveis, assim como o PC foi maior que o CV entre períodos; desta forma, poderíamos considerar estas alterações como reais, e que poderiam ser um efeito atribuível ao isolamento obrigatório.

Scientific training of athletes' core strength in competitive sports / Treino científico da força do core de atletas em esporte competitivo / Entrenamiento científico de la fuerza del core de atletas en deporte competitivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: The role of core strength is to stabilize the core part of the human body, control the movement of its center of gravity and transmit the strength of the upper and lower limbs. The significance of core strength in competitive sports training is very important Objective: To discuss the importance of core strength training in competitive basketball, analyzing the improvement of athletes' basketball skills and physical confrontation ability after core training. Methods: We select several competitive basketball players who have no history of injury. We divided them into a control group and a test group. The control group did not perform core strength training, and the test group received core strength training. Results: After core strength training, the test group was better than the control group in shooting technique, physical confrontation, technical movement, and other aspects. Conclusion: Core strength training can help improve basketball competitive ability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A força do core tem o papel de estabilizar a parte central do corpo humano, controlar o movimento de seu centro de gravidade e transmitir a força dos membros superiores e inferiores. A força do core é significativamente importante para o treinamento em esportes a nível competitivo. Objetivo: Dicutir a importância do treinamento da força do core no basquete de nível competitivo, analisando a melhora na habilidade dos atletas no esporte e sua capacidade de confrontação física após esse treinamento. Métodos: Selecionou-se vários jogadores de basquete de nível competitivo que não têm histórico de lesões. Eles foram divididos em um grupo controle e um grupo teste. O grupo controle não recebeu treinamento da força do core, enquanto o grupo teste recebeu esse treinamento. Resultados: Depois do treino do core, o grupo teste apresentou melhores resultados do que o grupo controle em técnica de arremesso, confrontação física, movimento técnico, e outros aspectos. Conclusão: O treinamento de força do core pode ajudar a aprimorar a habilidade no basquete de nível competitivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fuerza del core tiene el papel de estabilizar la parte central del cuerpo humano, controlar el movimiento de su centro de gravedad y transmitir la fuerza de los miembros superiores e inferiores. La fuerza del core es significativamente importante para el entrenamiento en deportes a nivel competitivo. Objetivo: Discutir la importancia del entrenamiento de la fuerza del core en el básquet de nivel competitivo, analizando la mejoría en la habilidad de los atletas en el deporte y su capacidad de confrontación física después de ese entrenamiento. Métodos: Se seleccionaron varios jugadores de básquet de nivel competitivo que no tienen antecedentes de lesiones. Ellos fueron divididos en un grupo control y un grupo prueba. El grupo control no recibió entrenamiento de la fuerza del core, mientras que el grupo prueba recibió ese entrenamiento. Resultados: Después del entrenamiento del core, el grupo prueba presentó mejores resultados que el grupo de control en técnica de lanzamiento, confrontación física, movimiento técnico y otros aspectos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza del core puede ayudar a mejorar la habilidad en el básquet de nivel competitivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Advances in the treatment of potassium-competitive acid blockers in reflux esophagitis / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Reflux Esophagitis (RE) is a gastroesophageal motility disorder mainly caused by lower esophageal sphincter disorder caused by a variety of injury factors, acid-suppressing drugs such as Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are often used clinically. With the increase of PPIs-resistant reflux esophagitis cases, the demand for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of acid-suppressing drugs is higher. In recent years, the emergence of a new class of acid-suppressing drugs, potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), has solved some clinical deficiencies of traditional proton pump inhibitors. It has the characteristics of effective, longer-lasting acid suppression, the inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion is not affected by the state of gastric acid secretion, the individual differences in drug metabolism and efficacy are smaller, and the drug efficacy is not affected by food intake or not. It has obvious advantages in the efficacy of severe erosive esophagitis and PPIs-resistant severe erosive esophagitis, and is more cost-effective, and is expected to replace PPI as the first-line treatment for reflux esophagitis.

LncRNA-m18as1 competitively binds with miR-18a-5p to regulate follicle-stimulating hormone secretion through the Smad2/3 pathway in rat primary pituitary cells / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in different species and different tissues, and perform different functions, but little is known about their involvement in the synthesis or secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In general, we have revealed lncRNA‍‒‍microRNA (miRNA)‍‒‍‍messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions that may play important roles in rat primary pituitary cells. In this study, a new lncRNA was identified for the first time. First, we analyzed the gene expression of lncRNA-m18as1 in different tissues and different stages by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and observed the localization of lncRNA-m18as1 with fluorescence in situ hybridization, which indicated that this lncRNA was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Next, we used RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze the regulation of FSH synthesis and secretion after overexpression or knockdown of lncRNA-m18as1 and found that lncRNA-m18as1 was positively correlated with FSH synthesis and secretion. In addition, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) was highly expressed in our sequencing results. We also screened miR-18a-5p from our sequencing results as a miRNA that may bind to lncRNA-m18as1 and Smad2. We used RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) and/or dual luciferase assays to confirm that lncRNA-m18as1 interacted with miR-18a-5p and miR-18a-5p interacted with Smad2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that lncRNA-m18as1 and miR-18a-5p were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Finally, we determined the relationship among lncRNA-m18as1, miR-18a-5p, and the Smad2/3 pathway. Overall, we found that lncRNA-m18as1 acts as a molecular sponge of miR-18a-5p to regulate the synthesis and secretion of FSH through the Smad2/3 pathway.

Integrated smart hyperspectral imaging and CARS-based characteristic band selection for rapid determination of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix / 中国中药杂志

In order to realize the rapid and non-destructive detection of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, this paper first prepared the sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix samples with the usage amount of sulphur being 0, 2.5%, and 5% of the mass of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix pieces. The SO_2 content in different batches of sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix was determined using the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, followed by the acquisition of their hyperspectral data within both visible-near infrared(435-1 042 nm) and short-wave infrared(898-1 751 nm) regions by hyperspectral imaging. Meanwhile, the first derivative, AUTO, multiplicative scatter correction, Savitzky-Golay(SG) smoothing, and standard normal variable transformation algorithms were used to pre-process the original hyperspectral data, which were then subjected to characteristic band extraction based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS) and the partial least square regression analysis for building a quantitative model of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix. It was found that the accuracy of the quantitative model built depending on the visible-near infrared spectra was high, with the determination coefficient of prediction set(R■) reaching 0.900 1. The established quantitative model has enabled the rapid and non-destructive detection of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, which can serve as an effective supplement to the method described in Chinese Pharmacopeia.

Seropositividad de Brucella abortus en ganado bovino de Aguazul- Casanare / Seropositivity of Brucella abortus in cattle from Aguazul- Casanare

Resumen Introducción. La Brucelosis bovina, es una enfermedad bacteriana e infecto contagiosa, causada por Brucella abortus. Se transmite a través de la ingestión de forrajes y aguas contaminadas con descargas vaginales infectadas, que conlleva a una patología del sistema reproductor en bovinos, que impactan la sanidad pecuaria y la economía de la agroindustria. Objetivo. Evaluar el comportamiento de la brucelosis bovina en el municipio de Aguazul, Casanare (Colombia) y los factores asociados al desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Metodología. Estudio descritptivo de 26.187 muestras de suero sanguíneo de ganado bovino evaluadas, que corresponden a 260 predios del municipio de Aguazul. Se empleó técnicas serológicascomo rosa de bengala, fluorescencia polarizada y ELISA competitiva para la evaluación de positividad a Brucella abortus y se evaluaron las pérdidas económicas asociadas a positividad en los ensayos de laboratorio. Resultados y conclusiones. La positividad a brucelosis bovina correspondió al 1%, que corresponde a hembras menores de 24 meses de edad y entre 37 a 48 meses y, machos entre los 57 a 68 meses de edad. Se sugiere consolidar esfuerzos en investigación para evaluar los factores que contribuyen a la seropositividad en el ganado y el riesgo para la propagación y mantenimiento de la enfermedad.

Abstract Introduction. Bovine brucellosis is a contagious bacterial and infectious disease caused by Brucella abortus. It is transmitted through the ingestion of forage and water contaminatedwith infected vaginal discharges, which leads to a pathology of the reproductive system inbovines, which impacts livestock health and the economy of agribusiness. Aim. To evaluatethe behavior of bovine brucellosis in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare (Colombia) and the factors associated with the development of this disease. Methodology. Descriptive study of 26,187 bovine blood serum samples evaluated, corresponding to 260 farms in the municipality of Aguazul. Serological techniques such as rose bengal, polarized fluorescence, and competitive ELISA were used to evaluate positivity to Brucella abortus and the economic losses associated with positivity in laboratory tests were evaluated. Results and conclusions. The positivity to bovine brucellosis corresponded to 1%, which corresponds to females under 24 months of age and between 37 to 48 months and males between 57 to 68 months of age. It is suggested to consolidate research efforts to evaluate the factors that contribute to seropositivity in cattle and the risk for the spread and maintenance of the disease

Efficacy and safety of potassium-competitive acid blockers versus proton pump inhibitors as Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Background and aims: Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers (P-CABs) have been used in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapies in recent years. However, the efficacy and safety of P-CABs compared to ProtonPump Inhibitors (PPIs) in this setting remain controversial. Methods: The efficacy and safety of P-CABs and PPIs for H. pylori eradication were compared in a meta-analysis based on a systematic literature search of major electronic databases for relevant Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). Results: Seven studies and 1,168 patients were included. The pooled eradication rate determined by Intention-ToTreat (ITT) analysis was 90.2% for P-CAB-based and 75.5% for PPI-based triple therapy (pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.08-1.28], p < 0.001). The Per-Protocol (PP) analysis also demonstrated significant superiority of P-CABs (pooled eradication rate = 92.4% vs. 77.8%; pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.14 [1.03-1.26], p < 0.01). In a subgroup evaluation, P-CABs were significantly better than PPIs as a first-line eradication therapy, in both the ITT analysis (pooled eradication rate = 91.8% vs. 76.4%; pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.18 [1.10-1.28], p < 0.0001) and the PP analysis (pooled eradication rate = 93.0% vs. 78.6%; pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [1.02 -1.26], p < 0.05). However, P-CABs were not superior to PPIs when administered as salvage therapy, as determined in the ITT (75.0% vs. 66.0%, pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [0.69-1.78], p = 0.66) and PP (85.7% vs. 70.0%, pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.20 [0.82-1.75], p = 0.34) analyses. In a subgroup analysis limited to Japanese patients, both the ITT analysis (pooled eradication rate = 89.6% vs. 73.9%; RR [95% CI] = 1.21 [1.14 -1.29], p < 0.01) and the PP analysis (pooled eradication rate = 92.0% vs. 75.7%; RR [95% CI] = 1.18 [1.06 -1.32], p < 0.01) showed that P-CABs were significantly superior compared to PPIs as triple eradication therapy. However, in the subgroup analysis of patients from other countries, there was no significant difference in either the ITT analysis (pooled eradication rate = 93.8% vs. 85.2%; RR [95% CI] = 1.10 [0.99-1.22], p = 0.07) or PP analysis (pooled eradication rate = 95.0% vs. 90.8%; RR [95% CI] = 1.05 [0.98-1.14], p = 0.17). The incidence of adverse events associated with the two regimens did not significantly differ (P-CABs vs. PPIs: 33.6% vs. 40.0%; RR [95% CI] = 0.84 [0.71‒1.00], p = 0.05). The incidence of serious adverse events and dropout rate due to adverse events also did not differ (p = 0.44 and p = 0.67, respectively). Conclusions: The efficacy of P-CAB-based triple therapy is superior to that of PPI-based triple therapy as a first-line approach to H. pylori eradication, particularly in Japanese patients. As salvage therapy, the efficacy of the two treatments did not significantly differ. The tolerability of P-CAB-based and PPI-based triple therapy was comparable, as was the incidence of adverse events. HIGHLIGHTS The efficacy of P-CAB-based triple therapy is superior to that of PPI-based triple therapy as a first-line approach to H. pylori eradication, particularly in Japanese patients. P-CABs were not superior to PPIs as a salvage triple eradication therapy. The safety and tolerability of P-CAB are comparable to PPI in H. pylori triple eradication therapies. Further large RCTs conducted in multiple regions and countries are necessary.