Validity Of Mobile Application Scoscreen for Early Screening of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

@#Introduction: Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature that may occur during a child’s growth period. Early detection and intervention are needed to prevent the progression of abnormal curvatures. While the gold standard for diagnosing idiopathic scoliosis is x-ray imaging, there is a quick and easy way to perform screening, i.e., using a smartphone. A mobile application with a built-in inclinometer and simple scoliosis tests may help detect scoliosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the ScoScreen mobile application’s content for early screening of AIS. Methods: We recruited five physiotherapists with more than five years of experience in paediatric and musculoskeletal and one spinal surgeon. The validity of this study was assessed using a content validity form. Content validity was assessed by calculating the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI), and modified kappa. Results: The results show that the content validity of ScoScreen has an excellent level of content validity (I-CVI=0.83 – 1.00). The average approach’s overall content validity index was high (S-CVI/Ave=0.94). All items in this study were excellent, with the kappa scores greater than 0.74 (kappa= 0.816 – 1). Conclusion: The development of ScoScreen for early screening of AIS was proven to have excellent content validity in this study. As a result, the Scoscreen mobile application is appropriate for early detection of AIS in terms of its content.

Malay-Translated Version and Content Validation of Parent Goals for Shared Reading Questionnaire (Versi Terjemahan Bahasa Melayu dan Pengesahan Kandungan bagi Parent Goals for Shared Reading Questionnaire) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The interaction between adults and children during shared reading contributes to the conversation and reading in hand and makes the activity interactive. It is, therefore, imperative to understand parents’ goals for shared reading with their children as it will influence their behaviour and, in turn, affect their children’s development of language and literacy skills. In Malaysia, no local psychometric instrument identifying parent goals for shared reading is available. This study aims to translate the English version of the Parent Goals for Shared Reading Questionnaire (PGSRQ) into Malay and validate the translated questionnaire. Four qualified translators carried out the translation processes, and a panel of eight experts subsequently validated the Malay-translated version of PGSRQ. Of 33 items, the validation assessment revealed that 17 items had a content validity ratio (CVR) value of 1.0, while 12 items had a CVR value of 0.8. Only four items had a CVR value lower than 0.78 and were retranslated and modified. The findings of this study can pave the way for more research efforts in the field of shared reading in Malaysia. The questionnaire can also assist a speech therapist in assessing the goals that parents have on shared reading to come up with better designs for shared book reading intervention.

A Preliminary Content Validity Study of the Malay Version of READI-SF (Kajian Awal Kesahan Kandungan Versi Bahasa Melayu bagi READI-SF) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Readiness for treatment reflects the individual’s motivation to seek help and preparedness to engage in treatment activities. The READI-SF aimed to assess parental readiness to engage in treatment. The present study aimed to translate the English version of READI-SF into the Malay language and subsequently assess its content validity using the content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and modified kappa analyses. Four independent translators carried out the translation procedures. Eight clinical professionals were involved as content experts. Of 17 items, six items needed to be revised due to low CVR values (< 0.75). Based on unfavourable individual CVI (I-CVI) results (< 0.78), two items (for item relevancy) and six items (for item clarity) had to be modified. The overall CVI of the questionnaire (S-CVI) was found to be good (i.e., 0.91 for item relevancy and 0.83 for item clarity). Nine items needed to be revised, and the modifications were carried out accordingly. At the end of the study, a valid Malay-translated READI-SF was produced. It has good potential to serve as a clinical tool to assess the readiness of Malay-speaking parents to engage in treatment. However, prior to its intended clinical application, further research is warranted to assess other aspects of validity (e.g., face validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity), as well as READI-SF reliability.

Adaptação e validade de conteúdo da prova de consciência fonológica para Moçambique / Adaptation and content validity of the phonological awareness test for Mozambique / Adaptación y validez de contenido de la prueba de conciencia fonológica para Mozambique

Phonological awareness is a very important skill for performance in reading, writing and mathematics, suggesting that it is monitored and evaluated preferably during preschool as a form of early intervention to prevent learning disabilities after formal education. However, for its assessment it is necessary to have qualified instruments and in Mozambique there is none that assesses this skill. Therefore, this study aimed to culturally adapt the Phonological Awareness Test by Oral production to the Mozambican context and was carried out in two phases: semantic equivalence and content validation. The Content Validity Index was 0.96, although it is considered excellent, further studies need to be carried out to verify other parameters of validity, reliability and standardization. It is expected that the instrument contributes to evaluation and that above all, the skill is part of the activities of stimulation and intervention in preschoolers.

A consciência fonológica é uma habilidade muito importante para o desempenho em leitura, escrita e matemática, sugerindo-se que seja monitorada e avaliada preferencialmente durante a pré-escola como forma de intervenção precoce para prevenção de dificuldades de aprendizagem após o ensino formal. Contudo, para sua avaliação é necessário ter instrumentos qualificados e em Moçambique não existe nenhum que avalia esta habilidade. Portanto, este estudo teve objetivo de realizar adaptação cultural da Prova de Consciência Fonológica por produção Oral para o contexto moçambicano e foi realizado em duas fases: equivalência semântica e validação de conteúdo. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi de 0,96, embora seja considerado ótimo, estudos posteriores precisam ser realizados para verificar outros parâmetros de validade, fidedignidade e normatização. Espera-se que o instrumento contribua para avaliação e que acima de tudo a habilidade faça parte das atividades de estimulação e intervenção em pré-escolares.

La conciencia fonológica es una habilidad muy importante para el desempeño en lectura, escritura y matemáticas, lo que sugiere que se monitorea y evalúa preferiblemente durante el preescolar como una forma de intervención temprana para prevenir dificultades de aprendizaje después de la educación formal. Sin embargo, para su evaluación es necesario contar con instrumentos calificados y en Mozambique no hay ninguno que evalúe esta habilidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar culturalmente el Test de Conciencia Fonológica por Producción Oral al contexto de Mozambique y se llevó a cabo en dos fases: equivalencia semántica y validación de contenido. El Índice de Validez de Contenido fue de 0.96, aunque se considera excelente, es necesario realizar más estudios para verificar otros parámetros de validez, confiabilidad y estandarización. Se espera que el instrumento contribuya a la evaluación y que sobre todo, la habilidad sea parte de las actividades de estimulación e intervención en preescolares.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF YOGA MODULE FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Background: Sleep is an essential component of human life because it provides for relaxation and recovery from the stresses of everyday living. Reduced sleep quantity or quality leads to sleep deprivation which may offer indirect dangers by affecting cognitive and physical performance and raising the chance of motor vehicle and occupational accidents. Insomnia chronic sleep debt snoring sleep apnea circadian rhythm disturbances (including shift work syndrome) RLS parasomnias and uncommon diseases such as narcolepsy are the most common sleep disorders found in sleep clinics according to experts. Obstructive Sleep apnea is a common disorder in which your breathing stops and starts periodically while you sleep. To determine the design and validation of an Integrated Yoga Module (IYM) for OSA patients. The ?rst phase - IYM for OSA - was created based on a survey of classic books and Materials and Procedures: recently available research studies. The designed IYM was validated by 20 subject matter (yoga) experts in the second phase. Lawshe's formula was used to calculate the content-validity ratio (CVR). Yoga practices were created for the OSA Results: Integrated Yoga Module. The ?nal Integrated Yoga Module featured yoga practises with CVR ?0.5 that were assessed by 20 yoga experts and agreed in faculty group discussion. The yoga practices were designed and validated for IYM for Conclusion: OSA. By applying Lawshe's content validity criteria 20 yoga professionals veri?ed the IYM design.

Escala de crenças sobre o uso de questionários em pesquisas científicas: evidências psicométricas preliminares / Escala de creencias sobre el uso de cuestionarios en la investigación científica: evidencias psicométricas preliminares / A Scale of Beliefs on the Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Research: Preliminary Psychometric Evidence

Resumo Objetivou-se construir a Escala de crenças sobre o uso de questionários em pesquisas científicas (ECQP), a partir de evidências de validade de conteúdo e da verificação de seus indicadores iniciais de validade fatorial e consistência interna para o contexto brasileiro. Foram realizados dois estudos. No estudo 1, elaborou-se os itens da ECQP e verificou-se a validade de seu conteúdo. Contou-se com a participação de quatro juízes especialistas em psicologia social e psicometria, os quais avaliaram o conjunto de itens como adequado ao construto e semanticamente claro para o público-alvo. No estudo 2, por sua vez, buscou-se conhecer a estrutura fatorial da ECQP. Participaram, então, 307 estudantes (M = 25,1 anos), os quais responderam à ECQP e a perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que a ECQP apresenta índices satisfatórios de validade fatorial e consistência interna. Portanto, confia-se que seja um instrumento promissor, podendo ser utilizada em futuros estudos no Brasil.

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue construir la Escala de creencias sobre el uso de cuestionarios en la investigación científica (ECQP, en portugués), desde evidencias de validez de contenido y la verificación de sus indicadores iniciales de validez factorial y consistencia interna para el contexto brasileño. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el estudio primero, se elaboraron los ítems del ECQP y se verificó su validez de contenido. Cuatro jueces expertos en psicología social y psicometría evaluaron el conjunto de ítems como adecuados al constructo y semánticamente claros para el público objetivo. En el segundo estudio, por su parte, se buscó conocer la estructura factorial del ECQP. Así, participaron 307 estudiantes (M = 25,1 años), que respondieron el ECQP y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados indicaron que el ECQP presenta índices satisfactorios de validez factorial y consistencia interna. Por lo tanto, se confía en que sea un instrumento prometedor y que pueda utilizarse en futuros estudios en Brasil.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to create the Scale of Beliefs on the Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Research by gathering evidence of content validity and verifying its initial indicators of factorial validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian context. Two studies were carried out. In the first study, the items of the questionnaire were elaborated and the validity of their content was verified. Four judges specialized in Social Psychology and Psychometrics evaluated the set of items as appropriate to the construct and semantically clear to the target audience. In the second study, we sought to determine the factorial structure of the questionnaire. Thus, 307 students (M = 25.1 years) participated and answered the questionnaire and demographic questions. The results indicated that the questionnaire has satisfactory indexes of factorial validity and internal consistency. Therefore, it is believed to be a promising instrument and can be used in future studies in Brazil.

As propriedades psicométricas em instru-mentos que tratam sobre o "torcedor e o time de futebol do coração": uma revisão sistemática / Psychometric properties in instruments addressing the "supporter and the beloved football team": a systematic review / Las propiedades psicométricas en instrumentos que versan sobre el "hincha y su equipo de fútbol": una revisión sistemática

Este estudo objetiva identificar e analisar as proprieda-des psicométricas mais utilizadas em artigos, inseridos nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science (WOS) entre os anos de 2016 e 2021, que validaram instrumentos sobre a relação torcedor-time de futebol. Optou-se pelo desenho de pesquisas do tipo Revisão Sistemática, complementado pelo uso do software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Foram coletados 18 artigos e constatou-se que a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade por meio do teste de Alfa de Cronbach foram as propriedades mais utilizadas. A primeira tratou da construção de cada elemento do instrumento e a segunda foi um dos principais parâmetros utilizados na avaliação da confiabilidade de instrumentos do tipo questionário (AU).

This study aims to identify and analyze the most used psychometric properties in articles that validated instruments regarding the supporter/football team relationship found in the Scopus and Web of Science data bases between 2016-2021. To achieve this aim, the research was developed as a Systematic Review complemented by using the Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix software. Eighteen articles were collected, and our results showed that content validity and the Cronbach's alpha test of reliability were the most used properties. While the former addressed the construction of each element of the instrument, the second was one of the main parameters used to evaluate the reliability of instruments such as questionnaires (AU).

El estudio objetivo identificar y analisar las propiedades psicométricas más utilizadas en los artículos que validaron instrumentos sobre la relación hincha-equipo de fútbol, que se encuentran en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science entre los años del 2016-2021. Se optó por el diseño de investigaciones del tipo Repaso Sistemático, complementado por el uso del software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Han sido recoletados 18 artículos y se constató que la validad de contenido y la confiabilidad por medio del teste de Alfa de Cronbach, han sido las propiedades más utilizadas. La primeira trató de la construcción de cada elemento del instrumento y la segunda fue uno de los principales parámetros utilizados en la evaluación de la confiabilidad de instrumentos del tipo cuestionario (AU).

As propriedades psicométricas em instrumentos que tratam sobre o "torcedor e o time de futebol do coração": uma revisão sistemática / Psychometric properties in instruments addressing the "supporter and the beloved football team": a systematic review / Las propiedades psicométricas en instrumentos que versan sobre el "hincha y su equipo de fútbol": una revisión sistemática

Este estudo objetiva identificar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas mais utilizadas em artigos, inseridos nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science (WOS) entre os anos de 2016 e 2021, que validaram instrumentos sobre a relação torcedor-time de futebol. Optou-se pelo desenho de pesquisas do tipo Revisão Sistemática, complementado pelo uso do software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Foram coletados 18 artigos e constatou-se que a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade por meio do teste de Alfa de Cronbach foram as propriedades mais utilizadas. A primeira tratou da construção de cada elemento do instrumento e a segunda foi um dos principais parâmetros utilizados na avaliação da confiabilidade de instrumentos do tipo questionário.

This study aims to identify and analyze the most used psychometric properties in articles that validated instruments regarding the supporter/football team relationship found in the Scopus and Web of Science data bases between 2016-2021. To achieve this aim, the research was developed as a Systematic Review complemented by using the Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix software. Eighteen articles were collected, and our results showed that content validity and the Cronbach's alpha test of reliability were the most used properties. While the former addressed the construction of each element of the instrument, the second was one of the main parameters used to evaluate the reliability of instruments such as questionnaires.

El estudio objetivo identificar y analisar las propiedades psicométricas más utilizadas en los artículos que validaron instrumentos sobre la relación hincha-equipo de fútbol, que se encuentran en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science entre los años del 2016-2021. Se optó por el diseño de investigaciones del tipo Repaso Sistemático, complementado por el uso del software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Han sido recoletados 18 artículos y se constató que la validad de contenido y la confiabilidad por medio del teste de Alfa de Cronbach, han sido las propiedades más utilizadas. La primeira trató de la construcción de cada elemento del instrumento y la segunda fue uno de los principales parámetros utilizados en la evaluación de la confiabilidad de instrumentos del tipo cuestionario.

Validez por juicio de expertos de un instrumento audiovisual de consistencias de alimentos y viscosidad de líquidos (NutriDis®) adaptados para personas con disfagia / Validity by experts judgment of an audiovisual tool of food textures and thickness of liquids (NutriDis®) adapted for people with dysphagia

Resumen Introducción: las dificultades en la comprensión de las indicaciones sobre las dietas de textura modificada según la severidad de la disfagia por parte de pacientes y sus cuidadores, influyen negativamente en la adherencia y aumentan la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. La explicación escrita o verbal, no sería suficiente requiriendo recursos adicionales basados en imágenes y/o la realización de demostraciones prácticas. Por lo mencionado, se diseñó el instrumento audiovisual NutriDis®. Objetivos: determinar la validez aparente, de contenido y la factibilidad de un instrumento audiovisual basado en los descriptores de la "International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative" (IDDSI). Materiales y método: se utilizó la técnica Delphi por juicio de expertos, incluyendo a nutricionistas, kinesiólogos y fonoaudiólogos. En la primera ronda participaron 19 expertos y 9 en la segunda. Se determinó el grado de acuerdo entre éstos, a través del coeficiente V de Aiken para cada nivel de IDDSI y a nivel global. Resultados: el instrumento resultó presentar validez de contenido y el grado de acuerdo global aumentó entre la primera y la segunda ronda desde 90,8 a 94,1%, clasificándose como adecuado. El nivel IDDSI 4 presentó el máximo acuerdo e IDDSI 1 el menor. Conclusiones: según la opinión de expertos en el área, la herramienta audiovisual NutriDis®, presentó una validez de contenido adecuada en promedio y calificado globalmente como excelente por la mayoría. Se destaca que el instrumento es inédito, representando un gran desafío su desarrollo.

Abstract Introduction: patients and caregivers find it difficult to understand the indications of modified texture diets following dysphagia severity, and this negatively influences adherence and increases patient morbidity and mortality. The written or verbal explanation would not be enough, and additional resources based on images and / or the realization of practical demonstrations are required. As a result, the NutriDis® audiovisual tool was designed. Objectives: to determine the apparent and content validity and feasibility of an audiovisual tool based on the descriptors of the "International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative" (IDDSI). Materials and method: the Delphi technique was used following experts judgment, including nutritionists, speech therapists and kinesiologists. 19 experts participated in the first round and 9 in the second. The degree of agreement among them was determined through Aiken's V coefficient for each level of IDDSI and also at global level. Results: the tool turned out to be valid and the degree of global agreement increased between the first and second rounds from 90, 8 % to 94,1%, classifying as adequate. Level IDDSI 4 presented the highest agreement and IDDSI 1 the lowest. Conclusions: according to the opinion of experts in the area, the NutriDis® audiovisual tool presented an adequate content validity on average and was globally rated as excellent by the majority. It is highlighted that the tool is unprecedented and its development represented a great challenge.

Validez de contenido de la escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa, primer nivel de atención del sistema público, municipios de La Paz y El Alto, enfoque intercultural / Content validity of the perception scale of the quality of outpatient care, first level of care of the public system, municipalities of La Paz and El Alto, intercultural approach

OBJETIVO Determinar la validez de contenido para determinar los elementos que constituyen la escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa en el primer nivel de atención del sistema público. MATERIAL Y METODO Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, diseño de validación de instrumento documental, realizado durante septiembre y noviembre de la gestión 2022, en 2 municipio el Alto y La Paz, la validez de contenido contó con la participación de 4 expertos, y la prueba piloto con una muestra de 42 participantes. Para el juicio de expertos se utilizó el Coeficiente de validez de contenido de Hernández Nieto. En la prueba piloto se estimó el porcentaje de no respuesta, abandono y tiempo de llenado. Se realizó todos los procedimientos estadísticos con ayuda del programa SPSSv26. RESULTADOS La validez de contenido por juicio de expertos obtuvo un puntaje adecuado con validez y concordancia buenas (0,81), con adecuada coherencia, claridad, escala y relevancia. Como resultado de la prueba piloto la tasa de no respuesta fue de 4,7%. La tasa de no respuesta y la tasa de abandono por ítem fueron de 0. El promedio que tardaron los encuestados en completar el instrumento fue de 9,6 min. La fiabilidad del instrumento por dimensión fue aceptable y bueno (>0,6) para 3 de las 5 de las dimensiones teóricas. Mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio se evidenció la unidimensionalidad del constructo, con un total de 17 ítems en su estructura. CONCLUSION El instrumento tiene validez de contenido adecuado con una fiabilidad preliminar aceptable

OBJECTIVE To determine the content validity to determine the items that make up the scale of perception of the quality of outpatient care at the first level of care in the public system. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a quantitative study, a documentary instrument validation design, carried out during September and November 2022, in 2 municipalities, El Alto and La Paz cities. The content validity was assessed with the participation of 4 experts, and the pilot test was carried out with a sample of 42 participants. For the expert judgment, the content validity coefficient of Hernández Nieto was used. The pilot test estimated the percentage of non-response, abandonment and completion time. All statistical procedures were performed with the help of the SPSSv26 program. RESULTS The content validity by expert judgment obtained an adequate score with good validity and concordance (0.81), with adequate coherence, clarity, scale and relevance. As a result of the pilot test, the non-response rate was 4.7%. The nonresponse rate and dropout rate per item were 0. The average time taken by respondents to complete the instrument was 9.6 min. The reliability of the instrument per dimension was acceptable and good (>0.6) for 3 of the 5 theoretical dimensions. The exploratory factor analysis showed the unidimensionality of the construct, with a total of 17 items in its structure. CONCLUSIONS The instrument has adequate content validity with acceptable preliminary reliability.

Content Validity of an Index to Explore the Opinion of Undergraduate Students on Participation as Study Subjects in Research

ABSTRACT: The participation of undergraduate students as study subjects (SS) in research is considered a fundamental research activity of the educational experience provided by a university. Educators should promote learning by the scientific method through these activities under ethical standards for research with human beings. We designed a multidimensional questionnaire in English and Spanish to determine the perception of the educational benefits to, interest of and influence on university students with respect to participation as SS in research, and determine the content validity based on the judgement of experts. The items were designed based on previous theories and measurement scales, and on the opinion of experts. The Student Perceptions of the Educational Value of Research Participation Scale and the Coercion Assessment Scale were included in the new Participation of University Students as Study Subjects Index (USTUDI). The validity of the content was determined based on the judgement of experts who evaluated each item for relevance. The new instrument showed excellent content validity and is a multidimensional, single-application instrument designed to measure three psychological attributes of the participation of university students as SS in research, making it an instrument of high educational value. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, as tests need to be carried out to evaluate other psychometric characteristics.

RESUMEN: La participación de estudiantes de pregrado como sujetos de estudio (SE) en una investigación se considera una actividad de investigación fundamental de la experiencia educativa proporcionada por una universidad. Los educadores que a su vez son investigadores deben promover el aprendizaje por el método científico a través de estas actividades bajo normas éticas de investigación con seres humanos. Diseñamos un cuestionario multidimensional en inglés y español para determinar la percepción de los beneficios educativos, el interés y la influencia en los estudiantes universitarios con respecto a la participación como SE en investigación y determinamos su validez de contenido a partir del juicio de expertos. Los ítems se diseñaron en base a teorías y escalas de medición previas junto a la opinión de expertos. Las escalas de medición The Student Perceptions of the Educational Value of Research Participation Scale y the Coercion Assessment Scale se incluyeron en el nuevo Índice de Participación de los Estudiantes Universitarios como Sujetos de Estudio (IPEUSE). La validez de contenido se determinó a partir del juicio de expertos que evaluaron la pertinencia de cada ítem. El nuevo instrumento mostró una excelente validez de contenido y es un instrumento multidimensional de aplicación única diseñado para medir tres atributos psicológicos de la participación de los estudiantes universitarios como SE en la investigación, lo que lo convierte en un instrumento de alto valor educativo. Sin embargo, los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela, ya que es necesario realizar pruebas para evaluar otras características psicométricas.

Abriendo la caja de Pandora: ¿qué contienen los instrumentos que miden el ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina? / Opening Pandoras Box: What is the Content of the Instruments Measuring the Learning Environment in Medicine?

RESUMEN Introducción/objetivo: La medición del ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina es fundamental para evaluar la calidad de la educación médica. Existen múltiples instrumentos diseñados para este propósito, pero su contenido, fundamento teórico y utilidad práctica son variables. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar la validez de contenido y alcance de estos instrumentos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios originales en idioma inglés y español publicados desde 1990 hasta 2018 en las bases de datos de Pubmed, ERIC, British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, CINALH y Latindex, que contienen instrumentos para medir el ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina. Se analizaron los dominios, fundamentos teóricos y métodos para determinar la validez de contenido. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y ocho estudios que evaluaron doce instrumentos (uno disponible en español). Dos instrumentos identificados fueron específicos para el ambiente quirúrgico y uno para el comunitario. Únicamente tres instrumentos estuvieron respaldados por una teoría educativa. Los dominios más frecuentemente evaluados fueron la atmosfera del aprendizaje, la percepción social y percepción académica. La validez de contenido se estableció principalmente mediante un panel de expertos o método Delphi en el 83,3 % de los instrumentos. Conclusiones: Existen diversos instrumentos para evaluar un constructo complejo como el ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina. En general, estos instrumentos cuentan con validez de contenido respaldada por múltiples fuentes y metodologías, y pueden ser utilizados por los educadores médicos para evaluar de forma integral el ambiente de aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT Introduction/aim: The measurement of the learning environment in medicine is fundamental to assess the quality of medical education. Multiple instruments are available for this purpose, but their content, theoretical foundations and practical implications variate. Our aim is to synthesize the content validity and scope of these instruments. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of original studies designed to measure the learning environment in medicine, published in English and Spanish languages, from 1990 to 2018. We search for studies in Pubmed, ERIC, British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, CINALH and Latindex. We analyzed the main domains, theoretical foundations and methods to determine the content validity of each instrument. Results: Thirty-eight studies evaluating twelve instruments (one available in Spanish) were included. Two instruments were specific for the surgical environment and one for the community. Only three instruments were supported by an educational theory. The domains most frequently evaluated were the atmosphere, social perception and academic perception of learning. The content validity was established through expert panels or Delphi method in 83,3 % of the instruments. Conclusions: There are several instruments to evaluate a complex construct such as the learning environment in medicine. In general, these instruments have content validity supported by multiple sources and methodologies and they can be used by medical educators to assess the learning environment comprehensively.

Traducción y análisis de validez de contenido del instrumento Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (OMS-HC) para la evaluación del estigma hacia la enfermedad mental en profesionales de la salud en Chile / Translation and content analysis of the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (OMS-HC) for the assessment of stigma towards mental illness in health care professionals in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las personas con enfermedades mentales con frecuencia experimentan estigma por parte de profesionales de la salud, por lo que es necesario disponer de instrumentos para evaluar el estigma e implementar acciones para reducirlo. Este manuscrito describe el proceso de traducción y validación de contenido en Chile del instrumento Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (OMS-HC), para la evaluación del estigma en profesionales de la salud hacia personas con enfermedad mental desarrollado originalmente en Canadá. MÉTODO: Se realizó la traducción y análisis de validación de contenido, incluyendo etapas de traducción inglés-castellano y traducción inversa por traductora profesional, triangulación, y finalmente consulta a expertos para evaluación de validez de contenido según Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) con 10 expertos de investigación, academia, y experto por experiencia en salud mental. Se consideró aceptables ítems con IVC entre 0,51-0,99. RESULTADOS: Del total de 20 ítems del cuestionario, dos fueron evaluados con IVC menor al establecido, relacionados con constructos "hope" y "compassion", propios del marco teórico-modelo de Recovery, base del instrumento. Los dos ítems fueron re-evaluados con autores originales para adaptarlos procurando fidelidad al constructo, en un proceso iterativo con expertos. CONCLUSIONES: Se presenta la traducción del instrumento Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (OMS-HC) adaptado al castellano y con análisis de su validación de contenido, consistente de 20 ítems para evaluación del estigma hacia personas con enfermedades mentales en profesionales de la salud, posibilitando nuevos estudios que analicen su validez de criterio, y la exploración de su utilidad a nivel local.

INTRODUCTION: People with mental illnesses frequently experience stigma from health care professionals, which is why it is an urge to count with adequate assessments to evaluate stigma to address it. This manuscript describes the process of language translation and content validation in Chile of the Opening Minds Scale for the assessment of stigma against people with mental illnesses in Healthcare Practitioners (WHO-HC), originally developed in Canada. METHODS: Language translation and content validation analysis were performed, including English-Spanish translation and reverse translation by professional translator, item triangulation by researchers, and content validity analysis of the translated questionnaire by expert evaluation based on the Content Validity Index (CVI), including 10 experts in academia, research, and one expert by experience. Items rated with CVI 0.51-0.99 were considered acceptable. RESULTS: From the total of 20 items of the questionnaire, two were rated with lower CVI than acceptable, specifically related to the constructs "hope" and "compassion", part of the theoretical framework of Recovery in which the questionnaire is based on. The two items were re-evaluated including original authors to adapt them seeking fidelity to the foundational constructs, through an iterative process with experts. CONCLUSIONS: The translation of the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (WHO-HC) is presented, adapted to Spanish in Chile after content analysis, consisting of 20 items for the evaluation of stigma towards people with mental illness in health professionals, enabling the development of new studies to analyze criterion validity, and the exploration of feasibility and utility at the local level.

Validity and reliability of the perceptions of academic stress scale / Evidências de validade e confiabilidade do The Perceptions of Academic Stress Scale / Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad del perceptions of academic stress scale

Higher education is replete with considerable changes, challenges, and novel situations for many Brazilian youths entering college. This study's objective was to translate, adapt, and verify the content validity and internal consistency of the Perceptions of Academic Stress Scale to measure university students' perceptions regarding academic stress and its sources. The study was performed in two stages. The first comprised the instrument's translation, adaptation, and content validity, and the second consisted of an assessment of its internal consistency. Both stages presented satisfactory results, with a strong inter-rater agreement and acceptable internal consistency measures. The verification of the content validity and the reliability of the PAS Scale for the Brazilian context resulted in an instrument with appropriate and relevant psychometric parameters.

Para muitos jovens brasileiros que ingressam na graduação, o ensino superior é um momento de enormes mudanças, desafios e novidades. Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar, verificar a validade de conteúdo e consistência interna da Perceptions of Academic Stress Scale, que avalia a percepção dos estudantes universitários a respeito do estresse acadêmico e suas fontes. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas fases: na primeira, foi realizada a tradução, adaptação e validação de conteúdo da escala; na segunda, a avaliação da consistência interna. As duas fases do estudo geraram resultados satisfatórios, por meio de concordância forte entre os especialistas e medidas de consistência interna aceitáveis. O processo de verificação da validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade do PAS Scale para o Brasil disponibilizou um instrumento com parâmetros psicométricos adequados e pertinentes.

Para muchos jóvenes brasileños que ingresan en una carrera universitaria, la enseñanza académica es un momento de enormes cambios, desafíos y novedades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir, adaptar, verificar la validad de contenido y consistencia interna del Perceptions of Academic Stress Scale, que evalúa la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios respecto al estrés académico y sus orígenes. El estudio fue desarrollado en dos etapas: en la primera fue realizada la traducción, adaptación y validación del contenido de la escala; en la segunda, la evaluación de la consistencia interna. Ambas fases del estudio generaron resultados satisfactorios, con un fuerte acuerdo entre los expertos y evidencia de confiabilidad través de una consistencia interna aceptable. El proceso de verificación de la validez de contenido y confiabilidad del PAS Scale para Brasil hizo disponible un instrumento con parámetros psicométricos adecuados y pertinentes.

Validez de apariencia y de contenido de la escala de resiliencia SV-RES en cuidadores cubanos / Face and content validity of the SV-RES resilience scale in cuban caregivers

A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en las últimas décadas por conocer en profundidad la resiliencia, existen problemas metodológicos en su estudio. En este sentido, el presente artículo se propuso determinar la validez de apariencia y la validez de contenido de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en cuidadores cubanos de pacientes con discapacidad motora hospitalizados. Se analizó la validez de apariencia para explorar la aplicabilidad y viabilidad del instrumento a partir de un análisis cualitativo de las respuestas emitidas por 15 sujetos que conformaron el pilotaje. Para la determinación de la validez de contenido se empleó el Índice de Validez de Contenido; en efecto, la muestra estuvo conformada por 11 expertos. En ambos casos la muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Como resultados encontramos que la caracterización sociodemográfica de los cuidadores concordó con lo referido en estudios previos. Al validar la apariencia, las principales dificultades estuvieron vinculadas con la extensión de la escala y la comprensión de determinados ítems. Se mostraron evidencias de validez de contenido al obtener resultados cercanos a la unidad. La resiliencia está siendo una de las variables más estudiadas en la actualidad por las implicaciones que tiene para la salud humana, requiriendo para su evaluación rigor científico.

Despite the efforts in the last decades to know resilience in-depth, there are methodological problems in its study. In this sense, the present article aimed to determine the SV-RES Resilience Scale's face validity and content validity in Cuban caregivers of hospitalized patients with motor disabilities. The face validity was analyzed to explore the applicability and feasibility of the instrument based on a qualitative analysis of the answers given by 15 subjects who made up the pilot test. To determine de content's validity, we used the Content Validity Index; in fact, the sample consisted of 11 experts. In both cases, the sample was non-probabilistic by convenience. As a result, we found that the sociodemographic characterization of the caregivers was in agreement with previous studies. When validating the appearance, the main difficulties were related to the scale's length and the comprehension of certain items. There was evidence of content validity by obtaining results close to unity. Resilience is currently one of the most studied variables due to its implications for human health, requiring scientific rigour in its evaluation.

Diseño y validación de un instrumento para medir estrategias de evaluación de docentes de medicina / Design and validation of an instrument to measure assessment strategies of Medicine teachers / Proposta e validação de instrumento para medir estratégias de avaliação de professores de medicina

Introducción. La relación entre lo que el estudiante aprende y lo que se le evalúa ha sido un tema de relevancia en la educación superior y un tema de investigación que ha llamado la atención en programas del área de la salud, especialmente en medicina. Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento que permitiera conocer y describir las estrategias utilizadas por los docentes del programa de Medicina de la Universidad El Bosque, ubicada en Bogotá, Colombia, la cual consolida su modelo pedagógico de aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante a partir de los objetivos institucionales de aprendizaje, los cuales deben ser evaluados para verificar su consecución. Esto se hizo con el fin de evaluar el nivel de logro de las competencias de formación de los estudiantes. Métodos. Se identificaron dos categorías que debían conformar el instrumento: referentes curriculares y evaluación de la apropiación. Posteriormente se describió el nivel de validez de contenido por medio del acuerdo de jueces a partir del modelo de Lawshe modificado por Tristán y Molgado. Resultados. Los resultados evidenciaron que el instrumento diseñado permite medir de forma válida las categorías y subcategorías planteadas y que los ítems aportan información valiosa sobre cada una de ellas. Esta herramienta también puede ser usada para fines de investigación educativa realizando los ajustes pertinentes de acuerdo con las particularidades propias de la naturaleza de la institución de educación, del programa y de los objetivos de investigación. Conclusiones. Este instrumento puede ser usado para evaluar el nivel de logro de las competencias de formación de los estudiantes y para fines de investigación educativa.

Backgound: The relation between what students learn and what is evaluated has been a relevant issue in higher education, and a research topic that has caught health's programs attention, especially in medicine. Objectives: The objective of this study was to design and validate an instrument that would allow to know and describe the strategies used by Medicine professors from El Bosque University, in Bogotá, Colombia, which strengthens its pedagogical model of student centered learning based on the Institutional Learning Objectives (OIA), which must be evaluated to verify their achievement. This was done to evaluate the level of achievement of the students' training competences. Methods: It was identified two categories that should make up the instrument: curricular references and evaluation of appropriation. Subsequently the level of content validity was described thought judges' agreement based on the Lawshe model with modifications from Tristán y Molgado. Results: The results showed that the instrument designed allows measuring the categories and subcategories proposed and that the items provide valuable information about each of them. The developed test can be used for educational research purposes making the appropriate adjustments, according to the particular characteristics of the educational institution, the program and the research objectives. Conclusions: The instrument can be used for evaluation of achievement of the students' training competences and for educational research.

Introdução. A relação entre o que o aluno aprende e o que é avaliado têm sido uma questão relevante do ensino superior e um tema de pesquisa chama a atenção dos programas da área da saúde, especialmente na medicina. Metas. ojetivo deste estudo foi delinear e validar um instrumento que permitisse conhecer e descrever as estratégias utilizadas pelos professores do curso de Medicina da Universidad El Bosque, à procura de consolidar o modelo pedagógico de aprendizagem centrada no aluno, conforme os objetivos institucionais de aprendizagem. O instrumento procura avaliar o nível de aproveitamento e competências que a formação consegue nos alunos. Métodos. Duas categorias compõem o instrumento: referencial curricular e avaliação da apropriação. O nível de validade de conteúdo foi descrito por meio da concordância dos juízes, segundo o modelo Lawshe modificado por Tristán e Molgado. Resultados. O instrumento elaborado permite mensuração válida das categorias e subcategorias propostas, os itens fornecem informações valiosas sobre cada uma delas. Trata-se de uma ferramenta que também pode ser utilizada visando pesquisa educacional, se ajustada às particularidades do programa de ensino. Conclusões. Este instrumento pode ser usado para avaliar o nível de realização das competências de formação dos alunos e para fins de pesquisa educacional.vvvv

Adaptación del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck en población de Buenos Aires / Adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in population of Buenos Aires / Adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in population of Buenos Aires

RESUMEN Introducción : En la actualidad los trastornos de ansiedad son los de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial, llegando a una tasa del 5% en Argentina en el año 2017. En ese sentido, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en investigación y clínica en la actualidad. En su construcción uno de los objetivos fue evaluar síntomas de ansiedad que no suelen evidenciarse en trastornos depresivos, motivo por el cual resulta un test relevante para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el BAI a población adulta de Buenos Aires. Método : Se realizó una traducción directa del inventario y luego un juicio de expertos para evaluar la validez de contenido. Se analizó la capacidad de discriminación de los reactivos y se evaluó la validez estructural de los diferentes modelos encontrados en la literatura. A su vez, se analizó la consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados : La adaptación presenta adecuada validez de contenido y los reactivos han demostrado discriminar de forma adecuada. A su vez, a partir de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados se optó por la solución más parsimoniosa que indica la unidimensionalidad del constructo aportando evidencia de validez de constructo. A su vez, la adaptación presenta una adecuada consistencia interna. Se ofrecen valores normativos tentativos Conclusión : Se han hallado evidencias de validez y confiablidad para la adaptación argentina del BAI. Se lo considera un instrumento de gran utilidad clínica.

ABSTRACT Background : Currently, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent worldwide, reaching a rate of 5% in Argentina in 2017. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is one of the instruments most used in research and clinic today. In its construction, one of the objectives was to evaluate anxiety symptoms that are not usually evident in depressive disorders, which is why it is a relevant test to make a differential diagnosis. The objective of this study was to adapt the BAI to the adult population of Buenos Aires. Methods : A direct translation of the inventory and then an expert judgment to assess the content validity were carried out. The discrimination capacity of the items was analyzed and the structural validity of the test was evaluated according to different models found in the literature. Also, the internal consistency of the instru-Publicación editada por el Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica - IPOPSObra bajo licencia de Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) 2ment was analyzed. Results : The adaptation presents adequate content validity and the items have been shown to discriminate adequately. As for the confirmatory factor analyzes, the most parsimonious solution, which indicates the one-dimensionality of the construct, was chosen, providing evidence of construct validity. In turn, the adaptation presents adequate internal consistency. Tentative normative values are offered. Conclusion : Evidence of validity and reliability has been found for the Argentine adaptation of the BAI. It is considered an instrument of great clinical utility.

ABSTRACT Background : Currently, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent worldwide, reaching a rate of 5% in Argentina in 2017. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is one of the instruments most used in research and clinic today. In its construction, one of the objectives was to evaluate anxiety symptoms that are not usually evident in depressive disorders, which is why it is a relevant test to make a differential diagnosis. The objective of this study was to adapt the BAI to adult population of Buenos Aires. Methods : A direct translation of the inventory and then an expert judgment to assess the content validity were carried out. The discrimination capacity of the items was analyzed, and the structural validity of the test were evaluated according to different models found in the literature. Also, the internal consistency of the instrument was analyzed. Results : The adaptation presents adequate content validity and the items have been shown to discriminate adequately. As for the confirmatory factor analyzes, the most parsimonious solution, which indicates the one-dimensionality of the construct, was chosen, providing evidence of construct validity. The adaptation presents adequate internal consistency. Tentative normative values are offered. Conclusion : Evidence of validity and reliability has been found for the Argentine adaptation of the BAI. It is considered an instrument of great clinical utility.

RESUMEN. Introducción : En la actualidad los trastornos de ansiedad son los de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial, llegando a una tasa del 5% en Argentina en el año 2017. En ese sentido, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en investigación y clínica en la actualidad. En su construcción uno de los objetivos fue evaluar síntomas de ansiedad que no suelen evidenciarse en trastornos depresivos, motivo por el cual resulta un test relevante para realizar un diagnóstico diferencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el BAI a población adulta de Buenos Aires. Método : Se realizó una traducción directa del inventario y luego un juicio de expertos para evaluar la validez de contenido. Se analizó la capacidad de discriminación de los reactivos y se evaluó la validez estructural de los diferentes modelos encontrados en la literatura. A su vez, se analizó la consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados : La adaptación presenta adecuada validez de contenido y los reactivos han demostrado discriminar de forma adecuada. A su vez, a partir de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados se optó por la solución más parsimoniosa que indicala unidimensionalidad del constructo aportando evidencia de validez de constructo. A su vez, la adaptación presenta una adecuada consistencia interna. Se ofrecen valores normativos tentativos. Conclusión : Se han hallado evidencias de validez y confiablidad para la adaptación argentina del BAI. Se lo considera un instrumento de gran utilidad clínica.

Validación de un diccionario de LIWC para identificar emociones intergrupales / Validation of a LIWC dictionary to identify intergroup emotions

Resumen Desde la tradición de analizar constructos psicológicos a partir del lenguaje, esta investigación de tipo instrumental tiene el objetivo de validar un diccionario de emociones intergrupales, cuyo proceso se fundamentó en el diseño, conformación y validación de listados de palabras asociadas a 38 emociones intergrupales, útiles para identificar emociones en corpus lingüísticos, analizados mediante el software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), cuya función principal es identificar categorías lingüísticas y psicológicas en textos escritos. Nueve jueces, divididos en tres grupos, calificaron las palabras de acuerdo con los parámetros de pertinencia y relevancia de cada palabra, en relación con cada emoción. Enseguida, las puntuaciones se complementaron con una metodología de bloques aleatorios incompletos, a fin de estimar la calificación de las palabras restantes. Se encontró consistencia aceptable entre jueces, así como ajuste de sus puntuaciones en el modelo de Rasch, lo que permitió aceptar los resultados. A partir de las calificaciones, se depuró el 9 % de las palabras raíz, asociadas a 38 emociones (18 negativas, 17 positivas y 3 neutrales), complementadas con sus respectivas desinencias.

Abstract Following the tradition of analysing psychological constructs based on language, this instrumental research aims to validate a dictionary of intergroup emotions, whose process was based on the design, conformation, and validation of word lists associated with 38 intergroup emotions, useful to identifying emotions in linguistic corpus analysed, using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software (LIWC), whose main function is to identify linguistic and psychological categories in texts. Nine judges divided into three groups rated the words in two parameters (pertinence and relevance of each word with the emotion) and the scores were complemented with an incomplete random block methodology, to estimate the qualification of the remaining words. Acceptable consistency was found among the judges, as well as adjustment of their scores in the Rasch model, which allowed accepting the obtained results. From these ratings, 9 % of the root words associated with 38 emotions (18 negative, 17 positive, and 3 neutral), subsequently supplemented with their respective endings, were cleared.

Development and Validation of a Personal Care Modules for Older Adults with More Significant Disabilities Pembangunan dan Kesahan Modul Penjagaan Peribadi Warga Tua yang Mempunyai Pelbagai Ketidakupayaan / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Older adults residing in community, as well as those who are residing in institutional or care home may experience various cognitive, health and physical impairments that may affect their independence. Continuous supports are needed to manage most of their personal care activities which are usually managed by their family members, often without proper training or guidance. To date, there is no personal care module that can be used as a guideline by family members and paid caretakers. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a personal care module as a guideline in assisting older adults with more significant disabilities. This study was a three-phase study, involving (1) development of the personal care module, (2) focus group discussion with healthcare experts and (3) face and content validity by the expert reviewers. A total of 10 older adults participated in semi structured interview in phase one and 13 occupational therapists were involved as experts in evaluating the module in phase two and three, having between 5 to 25 years of working experiences. The finding reported a high content validity in the developed module ranging from 0.88 to 1.00 on six domains of personal hygiene, bathing, dressing, feeding, bed mobility and stairs climbing. This study provides a preliminary support for the developed personal care module as a valid instrument to be used as a guideline in managing personal care activities of older adults with more significant disabilities.

A linguistic validation study on the Filipino dizziness handicap inventory

@#Objective: To determine the validity and reliability of the Filipino Dizziness Handicap Inventory (FDHI) questionnaire among geriatric patients with dizziness. Methods: Design: Linguistic Validation Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: Twenty-five (25) patients Results: The dizziness handicap inventory was translated into Filipino by a Filipino language specialist and an ENT specialist who are experts in their field. The translated version was easily understood by the 25 geriatric patients with Cronbach α scores of .957 overall [M = 2.16; SD = 1.93]. Sub-domain item-total correlation scores (physical M = 2.6, SD = 1.90, Cronbach α = .860; emotional M = 1.66, SD = 1.84, Cronbach α = .901; and functional M = 2.5, SD = 1.97, Cronbach α = .902) demonstrated validity of the respective subdomains. Conclusion: The Filipino Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire is an internally valid tool for assessment of dizziness among geriatric patients. External validity and reliability can be evaluated in future studies employing corroborative measures and repeated testing.