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Background: Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a common strategy for early post-operative rehabilitation of patients who have undergone knee surgery. During an early recovery time following primary total knee replacement (TKR), the efficiency of the CPM approach was evaluated in this study. Aim and Objective: To determine the effectiveness of using a CPM device for individuals with poor ROM after a TKR as compared with non CPM device users. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four TKR patients were distributed into two groups. CPM and exercises were given to the study group, while exercises were given to the control group only. All individuals were assessed for mean active range of motion (AROM), mean Knee Society Score (KSS), and the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index before and after surgery (WOMAC). Results: The study group’s mean AROM was 81.7 ± 15.1, while the control group’s was 75.4 ± 21.8. The Study group had a mean KSS score of 135.7 ± 19.7 points, while the control group had a score of 134.2 ± 15.7. Between the two groups, there were no statistical differences. The Study group’s KSS functional score was 64.6 ± 8.4, compared to 61.1 ± 7.5 for the control group, yet there was a statistically significant difference between the groups at hospital discharge (P = 0.008). A statistically significant difference in pain level, joint stiffness, and function was also found between the two groups (37.1 ± 12.3 points for the CPM group and 23 ± 14.1 points for the control). Conclusions: From these findings it suggests that CPM has no effect on improving clinical measures. The subjective assessment of pain level, joint stiffness, and functional ability, on the other hand, showed a substantial positive effect.
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BACKGROUND@#Joint stiffness is a frequent concern in trauma or surgery of the elbow joint. Early resumption of elbow joint motion is said to limit the complication of stiffness. The Hinged Elbow Ilizarov Fixator has been reported to be useful in the management of elbow dislocations. However, early range of motion is not consistent in these cases since elbow movement were done only through patient-initiated exercises. The use of a continuous passive motion (CPM) device can potentially resolve this issue. However, presently available continuous passive motion devices for the elbow are not compatible with the Hinged Elbow Ilizarov Fixator.@*OBJECTIVE@#The objective of the study is to determine the feasibility of using a specially designed continuous passive motion device on a Hinged Elbow Ilizarov Fixator as applied in a cadaver simulation model.@*METHODS@#A Hinged Elbow Ilizarov Fixator was fixed in the elbow of a Thiel-preserved cadaver. The specially designed continuous passive motion device was applied.@*RESULTS@#Test run showed sufficient continuous flexion-extension motion not accompanied by dislocation, subluxation, or disruption of the elbow joint. A point of stress in the current prototype was noted at the motor-screw interface. Limitations in programming and control were also noted.@*CONCLUSION@#A continuous passive machine adopted to the Hinged Ilizarov Fixator is a viable device. Further improvement in the design of the motor-screw interface needs to be made. Further improvement in programming and control are needed. Likewise, study on the safety and service life of the CPM device needs to be done.
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Objective To observe the effect of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with CPM promote the function recovery after Postoperative Patellar Fracture. Methods Eighty patients with patellar fracture were randomly divided into treatment group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). The control group was treated with CPM. The treatment group was treated with Chinese Herbal Fumigation and CPM. After 8th weeks, the clinical curative effect, knee range of motion and KSS knee score were observed and compared. Results The effect rate of the treatment group was 87.5% (35/40), and the control group was 65.0% (26/40). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.591, P<0.01). After treatment, the range of motion of knee joint (138.38°± 7.82°vs. 0.29°± 7.83°, t=10.338), KSS knee function score (88.38 ± 9.52 vs. 3.46 ± 9.36, t=2.330) of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions The Chinese medicine fumigation combined with CPM functional exercise could accelerate the recovery of knee function and reduce the complications of fracture after patellar fracture.
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Objective To observe the treatment of continuous passive motion ( CPM) on lower motor function in pa-tients with stroke.Methods 60 patients were evenly randomized into control group and treatment group .The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment , while the treatment group received conventional rehabilitation and CPM therapy .They were assessed with modified Ashworth scale ( MAS) ,Fugl-Meyer assessment ( FMA) ( lower limb,hip,knee and ankle) and 10-meter walking time.Results After treatment,the scores of MAS,FMA and 10-meter walking time were both improved when compared with those before treatment (P<0.05),and between the two groups ,the scores of MAS , FMA and 10-meter walking time were much better in the treatment group with signifi-cant difference ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion CPM can alleviate muscle spasms ,and enhance the muscle group coordi-nation on foot .Furthermore,CPM can contribute to the balance and lower limb motor function , and strengthen gait of patients with stroke .
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to administer conservative treatment in 30 patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder, following the suggested frozen shoulder rehabilitation program and to assess the clinical outcome using a prospective study. METHODS: Thirty patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder, treated with steroid hormone injection on the articular joint with an intra-articular steroid (triamcinolone 40 mg + lidocaine 4 ml) injection and started on stepwise shoulder extension exercise were chosen. The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 people each with one group undergoing rehabilitation with continuous passive motion (CPM) and the other group without it. Follow-ups were done before rehabilitation and at 4-week intervals with the 24th being the final week. At every follow-up, passive range of motion (ROM) was measured and surveys on pain and clinical score were administered. RESULTS: In the last follow-up, both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all evaluation criteria. However, no statistical difference in all values of the ROM and Constant score evaluation criteria was observed between the groups. Only in the last follow-up, group 1 had a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 2.4 +/- 2.1 points, which was lower, with statistical significance, than the VAS score of group 2, which was 4.4 +/- 3.1 points (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Study using CPM in treatment of frozen shoulder has been inadequate, meaning that there is still room for improvement and need for more study on setting a more specific protocol and guidelines for this procedure.
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Humans , Bursitis , Follow-Up Studies , Joints , Lidocaine , Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive , Prospective Studies , Range of Motion, Articular , Rehabilitation , Shoulder , Visual Analog ScaleABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) on rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty. Methods 46 pa-tients after knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The control group received continuous passive motion (CPM) training, while the experimental group received SET. They were evaluated with range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and posture control ability before, 15 days and 3 months after operation. Re-sults 15 days after operation, the maximal passive knee flexion was 6.0° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.9°~11.2°;P0.05). 3 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all the items between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with CPM, SET might be more effective on increasing knee ROM in the short-term, and could be used as an effec-tive intervention for patients after knee arthroplasty at the early stage.
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Objective To observe the treatment of continuous passive motion(CPM) on talipes valgus in the chil-dren with cerebral palsy. Methods There were 57 children in this research including normal group and valgus group, the children in valgus group were randomly divided into control group, non-CPM group and CPM group. The control group didn’t receive any rehabilitation treatment. The non-CPM group received conventional rehabilita-tion treatment. The CPM group received conventional rehabilitation and CPM therapy. Evaluate the children in nor-mal group with plantar pressure analysis and evaluate each patient before treatment two and four months after treat-ment with plantar pressure analysis. Results Compared with the normal group, the percentage of medial midfoot (MMF) pressure, HEEL pressure, initial contact phase(ICP) and forefoot contact phase(FFCP) were obviously higher in valgus groups. On the other hand, the percentage of lateral forefoot ( LFF) pressure, lateral midfoot (LMF) pressure and foot flat phase(FFP) were obviously lower in valgus groups(P < 0. 05). The percentage of MMF pressure, and FFP became lower after treatment in both CPM group and non-CPM group while the percentage of ICP and FFCP became higher(P < 0. 05). In CPM group there was a more obvious change with the percentage of MMF pressure, ICP and FFCP compared with non-CPM group and the control group(P < 0. 05). Conclusion U-sing CPM can alleviate muscle spasms and contracture, correct the deformity of midfoot, enhance the muscle group coordination on foot and further more improve gait of patients with cerebral palsy.
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@#Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) on rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty. Methods 46 patients after knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The control group received continuous passive motion (CPM) training, while the experimental group received SET. They were evaluated with range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and posture control ability before, 15 days and 3 months after operation. Results 15 days after operation, the maximal passive knee flexion was 6.0° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.9°~11.2°; P<0.01), and the maximal active knee flexion was 5.7° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.4°~9.1°; P<0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the maximal active knee extension, the maximal passive knee extension, HSS and posture control ability between 2 groups (P>0.05). 3 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all the items between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with CPM, SET might be more effective on increasing knee ROM in the short-term, and could be used as an effective intervention for patients after knee arthroplasty at the early stage.
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to administer conservative treatment in 30 patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder, following the suggested frozen shoulder rehabilitation program and to assess the clinical outcome using a prospective study. METHODS: Thirty patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder, treated with steroid hormone injection on the articular joint with an intra-articular steroid (triamcinolone 40 mg + lidocaine 4 ml) injection and started on stepwise shoulder extension exercise were chosen. The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 people each with one group undergoing rehabilitation with continuous passive motion (CPM) and the other group without it. Follow-ups were done before rehabilitation and at 4-week intervals with the 24th being the final week. At every follow-up, passive range of motion (ROM) was measured and surveys on pain and clinical score were administered. RESULTS: In the last follow-up, both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all evaluation criteria. However, no statistical difference in all values of the ROM and Constant score evaluation criteria was observed between the groups. Only in the last follow-up, group 1 had a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 2.4 +/- 2.1 points, which was lower, with statistical significance, than the VAS score of group 2, which was 4.4 +/- 3.1 points (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Study using CPM in treatment of frozen shoulder has been inadequate, meaning that there is still room for improvement and need for more study on setting a more specific protocol and guidelines for this procedure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bursitis , Follow-Up Studies , Joints , Lidocaine , Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive , Prospective Studies , Range of Motion, Articular , Rehabilitation , Shoulder , Visual Analog ScaleABSTRACT
@# Objective To observe the effect of horizontal multi-joint arm continuous passive motion (CPM) training on muscle tension and strength of biceps brachii of patients with stroke. Methods 60 patients with stroke were divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). All the patients accepted routine medication and rehabilitation. The treatment group accepted horizontal multi-joint arm CPM training in addition. Their surface electromyography of biceps brachii was analyzed with surface electromyography analysis system: tension and strength before and after treatment. Results The tension and strength of biceps brachii improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The horizontal multi-joint arm CPM training may relieve the muscle tension and enhance the strength of biceps brachii after stroke
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Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the recovery effects of nursing intervention on foot-drop complicated after surgical trauma of bone fracture, and to discuss effective nursing strategies and measures. Methods 60 cases of patients with foot-drop complicated after internal fixation of tibial fractures were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 30 cases in each group, the observation group used lower limb joints rehabilitation trainers for ankle passive motion, the control group used artificial methods for ankle passive motion. Ankle movement and muscle strength recovery was observed and recorded after 12 weeks in two groups. Results Ankle joint mobility and muscle strength was significantly better in the observation group than in the control group. Conclusions Using lower limb joints rehabilitation trainers for ankle passive motion showed better effect than artificial methods for ankle passive motion.
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@#Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) as an adjunct to active physiotherapy on pain and range of motion (ROM) after knee arthroplasty. Methods 20 female osteoarthritis patients (40 knees) undergoing bilateral knee arthroplasty were assigned into two groups. The experimental group received CPM and active physiotherapy twice a day while the control group received active physiotherapy only. They were assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) and goniometer on pain and ROM of knee before and after operation. Results There were no statistical difference between these two groups for any outcome measures either 2 weeks or 3 months after operation (P>0.05), and they all improved in pain and ROM 3 months after operation compared with before (P<0.01). Conclusion CPM as an adjunctive therapy is not found to have an additional effect on pain or ROM 3 months after operation while active physiotherapy was used.
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A Movimentação Passiva Contínua (CPM) é utilizada na reabilitação após trauma ou cirurgia articular, e sua aplicação pode gerar resultados positivos na reabilitação dos membros. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar e discutir a utilização de equipamentos de CPM na reabilitação do cotovelo a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Esta pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em banco de dados informatizado da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, EBSCO HOST, PeDRO, Biblioteca Cochrane e Science Direct. Para localizar os estudos, foram utilizadas palavras-chave: movimento passivo contínuo, cotovelo e CPM cotovelo, em Português e Inglês. Foram selecionados artigos completos em português, inglês e espanhol. A estratégia de pesquisa estava focalizada em estudos do tratamento de patologias do cotovelo utilizando a CPM como método isolado ou associado a outras técnicas fisioterapêuticas. A amostra foi composta de 16 publicações de periódicos. Em 11 dos artigos, a aplicação da CPM associada ou não a outros métodos fisioterapêuticos gerou resultados benéficos; um não apresentou diferença quando comparada a utilização ou não da CPM; dois demonstraram resultados positivos, ressaltando cuidados específicos; e dois afirmam ser necessário mais estudos para comprovação de resultados. Portanto, foi possível evidenciar que pesquisas estão explorando a utilização da CPM na reabilitação do cotovelo, porém os parâmetros utilizados e os modos de aplicação do equipamento não estão bem especificados. Além disso, foi possível perceber que a CPM está sendo utilizada como adjuvante aos métodos de reabilitação fisioterápica e prevalecemos resultados positivos.
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) is used in post-trauma or articulations surgery rehabilitation to articulate, and its application may produce positive results in members` rehabilitation. This study aimed to analyze and to discuss the use of CPM equipment in elbow rehabilitation through a bibliographical survey of studies published in the last 10 years. This bibliographical survey was done in a computerized databank of Virtual Library in Health, EBSCO HOST, PeDRO, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. For locating studies, we used the keywords continuous passive movement, elbow and elbow MPC/CPM in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Complete articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish were selected. The research strategy focused on studies of the treatment of elbow pathologies using CPM as an isolated method and associated to other physiotherapeutic techniques. The sample was composed by 16 newspaper articles. In 11 articles, CPM application associated or not to other physiotherapeutic methods, has produced beneficial results; 1 did not present differences in the comparison between the use of (CPM) and the use of other techniques; 2 presented positive results, emphasizing specific cares, and 2 called for more studies for result verification. Therefore, it was possible to shoe that researchs are now exploring the use of CPM in elbow rehabilitation, but parameters used and application methods are not well explained. In addition, it was possible to perceive that today CPM is used as an adjuvant method of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation, with the prevalence of positive results.
El Movimiento Pasivo Continuo (MPC) es utilizado en la rehabilitación post-trauma o cirugía articular y su aplicación puede generar resultados positivos en la rehabilitación de los miembros. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar y discutir la utilización de equipamientos de MPC en la rehabilitación del codo a través de una revisión bibliográfica de estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años. Esta investigación bibliográfica fue realizada en un banco de datos informatizado de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, EBSCO HOST, PeDRO, Biblioteca Cochrane y Science Direct. Para localizar los estudios, fueron utilizadas las palabras-llave movimiento pasivo continuo, codo y CPM codo en Portugués y Inglés. Se seleccionaran artículos completos en portugués, inglés y español. La estrategia de investigación focalizó estudios del tratamiento de patologías del codo que utilizaban el CPM como método aislado o asociado a otras técnicas fisioterapéuticas. La muestra se compuso de 16 artículos de periódicos. En 11 de los artículos, la aplicación del CPM, asociada o no a otros métodos fisioterapéuticos, ha producido resultados benéficos; 1 no presentó diferencia en la comparación entre la utilización o no del CPM; 2 han demostrado resultados positivos, resaltando cuidados específicos, y 2 afirman se necesitar de más estudios para la comprobación de resultados. Por consiguiente, fue posible evidenciar que investigaciones exploran en la actualidad la utilización de la CPM en la rehabilitación del codo, mas los parámetros utilizados y los modos de aplicación del equipamiento non están bien especificados. Además, fue posible percibir que la CPM es hoy utilizado como adyuvante de los métodos de rehabilitación fisioterápica, prevaleciendo los resultados positivos.
Subject(s)
Elbow/injuries , Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive/instrumentation , Physical Therapy Specialty , Rehabilitation/methodsABSTRACT
@#Objective To observe the effects of hand function training with continuous passive motion (CPM) on hand spasm and function of the hemiplegic patients.Methods 60 hemiplegic patients after stroke or brain trauma and with hand spasm were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The cases in the treatment group were treated mainly with the method of CPM together with the routine rehabilitation procedures, while the those in the control group were only treated with the routine rehabilitation procedures. The changes of hand spasm and function of two groups were observed.Results After four weeks' treatment, the efficacy of the treatment group was obviously better than that of the control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion The rehabilitation training is an effective method for treatment of hemiplegia, and CPM is an important auxiliary method in the treatment. These two Methods combined together can shorten the course of treatment, and strengthen cure efficacy.
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@#Objective To investigate the effect of continuous passive motion(CPM) and rehabilitation on flexion of the shoulder after intensive burn.Methods 36 patients with intensive burn on upper limb(including the skin around axilla fossa) were divided randomly into CPM group(n=19) and control group(n=17).The CPM group received both routine rehabilitation and continuous passive motion treatment,and the control group only underwent routine rehabilitation treatment.Their ranges of active or passive motion were assessed.Results There was a significant improvement both in the CPM group and the control group after treatment(P<0.01),but the CPM group improved more(P<0.05).Conclusion CPM can improve the efficacy of the routine rehabilitation on flexion of the shoulder after intensive burn.
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@#Objective To observe the effect of early rehabilitation training combined with continuous passive motion (CPM) on knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods23 patients (28 knees) post TKA were randomly divided into the treatment group (15 knees) and control group (13 knees). The patients of the treatment group were treated with early rehabilitation training combined with CPM, and those of the control group were treated with CPM only.ResultsThe scores of knee grade and function grade of the treatment group were not different from those of the control group before treatment ( P>0.05), but two weeks later, there was a significnat difference between two groups ( P<0.01).ConclusionThe early rehabilitation training combined with CPM can improve recovery of function of knee joint after TKA.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on postoperative functional rehabilitation in lower limb.Methods267 patients operated in lower limb were separated to CPM group (162 cases) and control group (105 cases). Patients of the CPM group used CPM device at early period post operation, and cases of the control group received instruction to exercise by themselves. The efficacy of two methods was evaluated.ResultsThe knee activity of affected extremity of CPM group at 10 day and 1 month was better than that of control group, as well as the rate of swelling extinction of affected extremity (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionIt is propitious to functional rehabilitation of patients operated in lower limb that using CPM early post operation.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on postoperative functional rehabilitation in lower limb.Methods267 patients operated in lower limb were separated to CPM group (162 cases) and control group (105 cases). Patients of the CPM group used CPM device at early period post operation, and cases of the control group received instruction to exercise by themselves. The efficacy of two methods was evaluated.ResultsThe knee activity of affected extremity of CPM group at 10 day and 1 month was better than that of control group, as well as the rate of swelling extinction of affected extremity (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionIt is propitious to functional rehabilitation of patients operated in lower limb that using CPM early post operation.
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Objective To study the effects of continuous passive motion(CPM)on tissue blood oxygen saturation(StO2)in the edge of wound after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction in rabbits.Methods Twenty male New Zealand rabbits,aged 8 months,received an ACL reconstruction by using double semitendinous tendon autograft in the right hind leg.The rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups postoperatively,namely Cage activity group(n=10)and CPM group(n=10),treated with cage activity and activity by rabbit knee joint continuous passive motion apparatus respectively.On the following day after operation,a near-infrared optical device and ODISseyTM Tissue Oximeter were applied to measure the changes of tissue oxygen saturation(StO2)in the edge of the wound in each cycle(with flexion of 30?-110?)and various CPM speeds(2.35?/s,3.2?/s,and 8?/s),and the optimal CPM range and speed was thus selected for analyzing the changes of StO2 in local tissues of wounds with various angles of CPM in knee joint before the operation and on the 2nd,4th,6th,8th,10th,and 14th postoperative days.Results There was a significant difference with regard to StO2 between CPM group and Cage activity group(P0.05),however,a significant difference was observed among different time points(before the operation,and 2,4,6,8,10,14 days after the operation)(P
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of dynamic hip screw (DHS) combined with continuous passive motion (CPM) on intertrochanteric fractures in old patients.MethodsThirty-six old patients with intertrochanteric fractures were treated with DHS internal fixation and began to exercise isometric contraction of quadriceps femoris and to move the big joints of affected limb with CPM machine on the 3rd day after operation.ResultsAll the patients were averagely followed-up for 14 months. According to the effective standard, 26 cases were excellent, 9 cases good and 1 case poor with a 97.2 percentage of fineness. All fractures healed well with no loosening and dislocation of internal fixation. Only one case with type of Evans Ⅲ remained less hip inversion.ConclusionDHS is a good method to treat intertrochanteric fractures of old patients under good preoperative disposal.