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Objective To investigate the rationality of antibiotic use in Chongqing before and after intervention and its inter vention effect.Methods 16 200 cases,54 000 outpatient prescriptions and annual average antimicrobial consumption in 2011 from Chongqing sub network of Health and Family Planning Commission antibacterial drug monitoring network were selected as control group;48 600 cases,162 000 outpatient prescriptions and annual average antimicrobial consumption from 2012 to 2014 were selected as intervention group.The use rate of antimicrobial agents in outpatients,the intensity of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the percentage of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the average number of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the combined use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients were retrospectively studies.Results Except for the utilization rate of antibiotics in the outpatients and the density of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients,the utilization rate of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients,the microbiology inspection rate of application of antibiotics in non surgical treatment (％),the average use days of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients(days) and the combination rate of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients from 2012 to 2014 (after intervention) had significant impact in comparison with 2011 (before intervention).Conclusion Through the clinical pharmacistes' participating in the intervention in reasonable use of antibiotics and a variety of powerful intervention measures,the rationality of antibiotic use is feasible.
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Objective To investigate the clinical values of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in precise radiotherapy after surgery in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 53 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled and underwent PET-CT and MRI imaging within two weeks after surgery.The detection rates of residual lesions and lymph node metastases after surgery by PET-CT and MRI were compared on the basis of the pathological results of biopsy.The gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) determined by PET-CT and MRI were compared;the normally distributed data were analyzed using the t test, and the skewed distribution data by the Wilcoxon rank sum test.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in predicting precise radiotherapy after surgery, as determined by PET-CT and MRI, were compared with the chi-square test.Results Fourteen patients had residual lesions after surgery.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of PET-CT in detecting residual lesions after surgery were significantly higher than those of MRI (92.86%, 94.87%, 86.67%, 97.37%, and 94.34% vs.57.14%, 76.92%, 47.06%, 83.34%, and 71.70%, all P0.05).For the 14 patients with residual lesions, GTVPET/CT was significantly smaller than GTVMRI(45.62±22.13 cm3 vs.60.61±23.12 cm3, P=0.034), so did CTV (125.54±17.53 cm3 vs.142.18±21.22 cm3, P=0.011).There was no significant difference between CTVPET-CT and CTVMRI in 39 patients without residual lesions after surgery (117.87±17.66 cm3 vs.128.05±20.65, P=0.099).Conclusions PET-CT is superior to MRI in detecting the residual lesions and lymph node metastases after surgery in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which provides valuable information for radiotherapy planning.
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Objective:To explore the efficiency of timed up and go test (TUGT) and maximum walking speed test (MWST) on evaluating stroke patients' motor function.Method:Fifty stroke patients were assessed with TUGT,MWST,Berg balance scale (BBS),Barthel Index (BI) and Fugl-meyer assessment.The levels of association among five methods were examined with Pearson correlation coefficients.The predictive efficiency was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Result:The significant negative correlation was shown between TUG and BBS,BI and FMA score (P ＜ 0.05) and the same significant negative correlation was shown between MWST and BBS,BI and FMA score (P＜0.05).The Pearson correlation coefficients of TUG was higher than the MWST's.The area under the ROC curve for the TUG was significantly higher than that of the MWST.Conclusion:The TUG is closely correlated with the balance ability,moto function and active of daily living in stroke patients.The TUG could serve as a screening tool for detection of individuals with stroke.
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Objective:To explore the efficiency of timed up and go test (TUGT) and maximum walking speed test (MWST) on evaluating stroke patients' motor function.Method:Fifty stroke patients were assessed with TUGT,MWST,Berg balance scale (BBS),Barthel Index (BI) and Fugl-meyer assessment.The levels of association among five methods were examined with Pearson correlation coefficients.The predictive efficiency was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Result:The significant negative correlation was shown between TUG and BBS,BI and FMA score (P ＜ 0.05) and the same significant negative correlation was shown between MWST and BBS,BI and FMA score (P＜0.05).The Pearson correlation coefficients of TUG was higher than the MWST's.The area under the ROC curve for the TUG was significantly higher than that of the MWST.Conclusion:The TUG is closely correlated with the balance ability,moto function and active of daily living in stroke patients.The TUG could serve as a screening tool for detection of individuals with stroke.
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Objective The purpose of our study was to assess the onset effect of bystander CPR assisted by a smart phone APP or by a dispatcher.Methods 74 volunteers,without any experience in basic life support measures,was randomly divided into three groups:no-assisted group (n=13),dispatcher-assisted group (n=34) and smart phone APP-assisted group (n=27).Under the condition of a simulative SCA,a QCPR mannequin was used to record the hands-off time,hand placement,rate,depth and complete chest recoil after each compression of the three different groups to make analysis.The no-assisted group didn't receive any CPR instruction;the dispatcher-assisted group was instructed to do CPR through the voice from the telephone;the smartphone APP-assisted group was instructed by a preset Android smart phone CPR APP which guided the volunteers to do CPR step by step by words,voice and animations.Rank sum test analysis of each group using SPSS19.0 software.Results In aspects of hands-off time (1.0 second vs.1.5 seconds vs.5.0 seconds),mean rate of compression (121.0 per minute vs.127.5 per minute vs.58.0 per minute),percentage of correct compression rate (99.0％ vs.98.0％ vs.0.0％) and mean depth of compression (33.0 cm vs.26.5 cm vs.16.0 cm),smart phone APP-assisted group performed as well as dispatcher-assisted group (P＞0.05) and was superior to no-assisted group (P＜0.05).Conclusion In terms of increasing the quality of CPR,the smart phone APP can play the same role as dispatcher's telephone guidance,so as to enhance the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of Ephedrine hydrochloride in Xiaoerkechuanling granules by two HPLC methods.METHODS:The chromatographic conditions for the first HPLC method were as follows:the phenomenex C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) was used with methanol-water(1∶1) as mobile phase at a detection wavelength of 254 nm;the chromatographic conditions for the second HPLC method were as follows:the phenomenex C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)was used with acetonitrile-phosphoric acid solution(contain 0.02 mol?L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01 mol?L-1 phosphoric acid)(5∶95) as mobile phase at a detection wavelength of 210 nm.RESULTS:By HPLC method one,the linear range of Ephedrine hydrochloride was 0.08 ?g?mL-1～40 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9)with the average recovery at 101.72% and the RSD at 2.77%;by the second HPLC method,the linear range of Ephedrine hydrochloride was 0.4 ?g?mL-1～400 ?g?mL-1(r=1.000 0) with the average recovery at 99.60% and the RSD at 2.91%.CONCLUSION:Both of the two HPLC methods are accurate,specific and reproducible,but by the first HPLC method,the extraction was more complete and more operable,and no organic solvent was used.