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Introduction: Crystallization test is based on the principle that, when a salt crystallizes out of an aqueous solution, the crystal growth is influenced by the presence of other substances in the solution, such as blood or plant extracts. If a mixture of copper chloride solution with a small amount of whole blood is allowed to crystallize under controlled experimental conditions, an aggregate of crystals forms. Crystallization method can be used as a diagnostic aid to provide information about the systemic conditions and general health of the patient. Aim: This study aims to study the patterns of crystallization and to further determine the efficacy of crystallization test as a screening modality in premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Fifty patients of OSCC, 50 patients of premalignant lesions, and 50 healthy individuals were selected. One drop of blood was collected from the study groups to perform crystallization using cupric chloride. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Student's t-test (two-tailed), and analysis of variance. Results: The different patterns of crystals formed were studied and statistically analyzed. Conclusion:Based on the study, it was concluded that Crystallization test can be used as an effective screening modality for detection of premalignant lesions and OSCC
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Objective To evaluate the antioxidant activity of different concentrations of alcohol extracts from Paeonia Rockii pollen.Methods The antioxidant activity of different concentrations of alcohol extracts from Paeonia Rockii pollen was evaluated by cupric reducing power method, DPPH radical scavenging activity method and ABTS radical scavenging activity method.Results The amounts of antioxidant activity of gallic acid of anhydrous ethanol extract, 75％ alcohol extract, 50％ alcohol extract, 25％ alcohol extract, and water extract from Paeonia Rockii pollen were 26.00, 28.33, 28.90, 14.98, and 9.24 mg/g, respectively. The sequence of the ability of scavenging DPPH free radical and ABTS radical was Vc > 50％ alcohol extract > 75％ alcohol extract > anhydrous ethanol extract > 25％ alcohol extract > water extract.Conclusion The different concentrations of alcohol extracts from Paeonia Rockii pollen has relatively strong antioxidant activity, especially for 50％ alcohol extract and 75％ alcohol extract.
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Background: Cancer can involve any tissue of the body. In most of the cases, patients present themselves to a medical facility when the disease has reached an advanced stage and is not amenable to treatment. So, the line of action in order to cure cancer should be its early detection and prompt treatment of precancerous lesions. This is one of the cornerstones of cancer prevention. Aim: Aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of crystallisation test for early detection of malignancy. Methods: 110 subjects were included in the present study. 50 subjects were normal comprising the control group and 60 subjects were diagnosed with dysplastic changes. All samples are collected by finger prick with aseptic precautions. Crystallization tests were carried out strictly maintaining all necessary conditions. The results obtained were than analysed and studied. Results: Crystallization pattern with only cupric chloride solution alone is very haphazard and completely lacking of co-ordination. The pattern of admixture of normal blood solution and cupric chloride is typical and shows co-coordinated arrangement of crystals. Blood crystallization pattern in control group shows very specific arrangement of needle like crystals of cupric chloride. Hollow Glans formation characterizes the benign condition while hollow glans along with gap star formation characterizes the precancerous conditions. Present study of malignant pattern proves that transverse bar or transverse formation is confirmatory finding in advanced cases. Conclusions: Inference of the test shows that control group had shown 100% positivity while all cases of malignant as well as premalignant conditions was shown 99% positivity.
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Phytochemicals possessing phenols and flavonoids are potential sources of antioxidants, which are useful to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antioxidant potential of pet ether and methanol extracts of fruits of Artocarpus chama Buch., using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, reducing power antioxidant capacity, determination of total phenol and flavonoid contents. Preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloid and flavonoid in both extracts. The fraction showed significant antioxidant activities in the assay compared to the reference ascorbic acid in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the crude pet ether and methanol extract was 27.64 μg/mL and 39.08 μg/mL, respectively, whereas IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 12.70 μg/mL. Furthermore, both extracts showed similar cupric reducing power and reducing power capability. In addition, pet ether extract contains higher amount of phenols as compared with methanol extract, and possess similar flavonoid content expressed as Gallic acid and Quercetin, respectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that pet ether extract of the fruits of A. chama Buch possesses significant antioxidant potential comparing with methanol extract, which may be attributed to the high amount of phenols and flavonoids present in the extract.
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This attempt is made to address the phytoconstituents, free radical scavenging activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of five different extracts of Asparagus racemosus roots. Preliminary phytochemical examination of the crude extracts of Asparagus racemosus root disclosed the existence of different sort of chemical groups such as flavonoids, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, carbohydrate. The root displayed significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity with highest IC50 value showed by ethanol extract with a value of 78.15 μg/ml followed by methanol and petroleum ether having value of 106.44 μg/ml and 273.31 μg/ml respectively as opposed to that of the scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and BHT of 5.698 μg/ml and 8.816 μg/ml respectively. The highest reducing power was showed by ethanol extract followed by methanol and petroleum ether as opposed to that of the reducing potential of ascorbic acid and BHT. The fractions represented good cupric reducing capacity with increasing concentration taking ethanol extract in the top position. The ethanol extract yielded 108.78±2.77 mg/gm gallic acid equivalent phenolic content and methanol sub-fraction yielded 164.77±1.73 mg/gm quercetin equivalent flavonoid content that was highest among five extracts. Ethanol extract of Asparagus racemosus was found to possess the highest total antioxidant capacity (639.925±64.78) mg/gm followed by methanol (616.92±53.88) mg/gm and petroleum ether (469.17±52.95) mg/gm ascorbic acid equivalent respectively. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, LC50 values for ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, n-hexane and chloroform were found to be 0.674 μg/ml, 0.719 μg/ml, 0.984 μg/ml, 2.157μg/ml and 1.514 μg/ml respectively. N-hexane and chloroform extract showed least activity in all the measures. The results suggest that Asparagus racemosus is a valuable source of antioxidant and has significant cytotoxic activity hence could eliminate many diseases related to free radical.
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Dezessete amostras de corante urucum, 6 de cúrcuma, 9 de cochonilha, 10 de vermelho de beterraba, 4 de antocianinas de casca de uva e 4 de clorofilina cúprica, num total de 50 amostras de corantes naturais, foram analisadas para verificar se estes corantes atendiam às Normas de Identidade e Qualidade estabeleci das pela "Food Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization". Para todas as amostras foram traçados espectros de absorção na região do ultravioleta e visível para caracterização do corante natural. Também foram pesquisadas impurezas, tais como arsênico e chumbo, além de adulterantes, como corantes artificiais. Do total de 50 amostras analisadas, 20 apresentaram especificações fora dos padrões de Identidade e Qualidade da "FAO/WHO", bem como dos padrões propostos nas monografias de um grupo brasileiro de estudo de corantes naturais para alimentos (AU).
Subject(s)
Quality Control , Plant Extracts , Curcuma , Bixaceae , Food Coloring Agents , HemipteraABSTRACT
Cupric complex of isonicotinic acid hydrazide inhibits DNA synthesis by avian myloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. This inhibition occurs in the presence of either ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide templates. The inhibition of reverse transcriptase by cupric-INH complex is considerably reduced when stored or proteolytically cleaved enzyme was used in the reaction. The complex also inhibits the reverse transciptase-associated RNase Η activity. The cupric-isonicotinic acid hydrazide complex cleaves pBR 322 from I DNA into smaller molecules in the presence or absence of reverse transcriptase-associated endonuclease. However, in the presence of the enzyme the DNA is cleaved to a greater extent.
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The cupric complex of isonicotinic acid hydrazide was found to be nontoxic to normal yolk sac macrophages upto a concentration of 100 μΜ. At this concentration the complex did not significantly inhibit DNA, RNA or protein synthesis in these cells. The complex inhibited the avian myeloblastosis virus multiplication in these cells when added 0–4 h post-infection as demonstrated by the inhibition of both focus formation and expression of viral specific antigens. This inhibition was not observed when the complex was added 8 and 16 h after avian myeloblastosis virus infection. The studies carried out on avian myeloblastosis virus-transformed myeloblasts indicated that the complex had no effect on the colony (focus) formation. The results suggest that the complex inhibits the virus multiplication by interfering in an early event of viral growth cycle, possibly the process of reverse transcription.