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Purpose: Manufacturing a spectacle frame for a facially deformed individual is challenging because of facial asymmetry. One of the solutions is the customization of spectacle frames. Customization of spectacle frames for facially deformed individuals requires a better understanding of the facial anthropometry of deformed faces. This study aimed to analyze the facial anthropometry of deformed faces to understand the range of variability. The results of this study will be used to find customization methods in the future. Methods: We measured and analyzed the 12 facial parameters of individuals with facial deformities using the ImageJ software. Results: The data collected were normally distributed. Paired sample test revealed a statistically significant difference between innercanthus distances (right innercanthus distance [RICD] and left innercanthus distance [LICD]). Correlation analysis showed a positive difference between horizontal and vertical pupillary distance?innercanthus distance (PD?ICD) (0.68, 0.75, and 0.81) and pupillary distance?helix distance (PD?HD) (0.57, 0.68, and 0.59) relations. PD?ICD correlations are stronger compared to the PD?HD relation. Conclusion: Altering the frame center distance and the temple heights are the most important for asymmetric faces. Large population?based data are required to make concrete decisions to design a spectacle frame for asymmetric faces.
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Mass customization (MC) offers tailor-made services to customers and necessary for industries in current global competition. However, implementation of MC is at nascent stage particularly in consumer electronics. This study investigates barriers in adoption of MC in context with developing economies such as India. There are quite a few barriers which may affect implementation of MC. Through literature survey and experts' opinion 15 barriers has been identi?ed. DEMATEL method was used to ?nd cause-effect relationship between these barriers. Also most signi?cant barriers has been identi?ed as Lack of ?nancial support, Lack of awareness of use of Information Technology in MC, Not availability of machines supporting MC, Lack of support from top management, and Lack of trained & skilled manpower. This study guides policy maker and managers in understanding the challenges in implementation of MC in emerging economies.
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@#<b>Objective</b> To study the feasibility of clinical application of an individualized customized material. <b>Methods</b> Five batches of individualized customized materials were randomly selected, from which 10 cm × 11 cm samples were intercepted for experimental analysis. Among them, 10 cm × 10 cm materials were selected to perform dosimetric analysis and HU change analysis before and after irradiation with a radiotherapy dose for breast cancer of 50 Gy as the irradiation basis. The center Point 1 on the lower surface of the individualized material and the center Point 2 of the solid water volume were selected for dosimetric analysis before and after the sample is irradiated. After reaching a sufficient amount of irradiation, the 1 cm × 10 cm materials intercepted in the center position and the remaining 1 cm × 10 cm materials after the first sampling were sent to the material science laboratory for analysis of physical properties of density, viscosity, hardness, and tear strength. <b>Results</b> In the comparative analysis of HU values before and after exposure, after receiving 50 Gy dose irradiation, the difference rate of HU value was 5.252%, which was close to the expected 5% difference rate in clinical medicine. In the dosimetric analysis of Point 1 and Point 2, the dose in the irradiated samples was significantly higher than that in the unirradiated samples; the dose in Point 1 increased by 3.742%, and the dose in Point 2 increased by 2.039%. Before and after irradiation, except for the physical density which showed a significant difference, there was no significant difference in viscosity, hardness, and tear strength. <b>Conclusion</b> The individualized customized material can meet the requirements of routine clinical medicine.
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SUMMARY: A detailed data of shape of auricular concha is currently not available. Therefore, this study constructed a framework to statistically analyze the shape of the auricular concha based on a database of 3D scanned images. The 3D models of the auricular concha from 308 study participants are converted into compatible NURBS surfaces generated through 795 data points to perform a requisite statistical analysis. Subsequently, the shape of the auricular concha of the participants is grouped into 29 clusters with a modified hierarchical clustering algorithm. Finally, a wear trial and simulation test are carried out to validate the wear comfort of a designed OTC hearing aids based on the average shape of each cluster. The experimental results show that the average shape obtained as per the cluster is capable of representing the common geometric properties of their corresponding members, and could thus be used as a reference in designing mass-customized OTC hearing aid. The method in this study is superior to conventional methods that rely on sparse results for shape analysis because it takes into account the intricate geometric shape of the auricular concha. The quantitative description of conchal morphometry will be beneficial for plastic surgeons, and for the ergonomic design of ear-related products.
RESUMEN: Actualmente no se dispone de datos específicos de la forma de la concha auricular. Por lo tanto, este estudio construyó un marco para analizar estadísticamente la forma de ella a partir de una base de datos de imágenes escaneadas en 3D. Los modelos 3D de la concha auricular de 308 participantes del estudio se convirtieron en superficies NURBS compatibles generadas a través de 795 puntos de datos para realizar un análisis estadístico requerido. Posteriormente, la forma de la concha auricular de los participantes se agrupó en 29 grupos con un algoritmo de agrupamiento jerárquico modificado. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo una prueba de uso y una prueba de simulación para validar la comodidad de uso de unos audífonos OTC diseñados en función de la forma promedio de cada grupo. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que la forma promedio obtenida de la concha auricular, según el grupo, es capaz de representar las propiedades geométricas comunes de sus miembros correspondientes y, por lo tanto, podría usarse como referencia en el diseño de audífonos OTC personalizados en masa. El método de este estudio es superior a los métodos convencionales que se basan en resultados escasos para el análisis de forma, porque tiene en consideración la intrincada forma geométrica de la concha auricular. La descripción cuantitativa de la morfometría de la concha auricular será beneficiosa para los cirujanos plásticos y para el diseño ergonómico de productos relacionados con el oído.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Ear Auricle/anatomy & histology , Hearing Aids , User-Centered Design , ErgonomicsABSTRACT
The development and application of industrial enzymes have penetrated major industrial fields. China faces a major challenge as a large country in applying enzyme but a small one in producing enzyme. Biocatalysis has become an important technology and strategy of industrial development in the world since chemical catalysis encounters the crises from resource, energy and environment. The application of efficient and clean biocatalysis is one of the important ways to realize the sustainable development of chemical industry and to modernize the fermentation industry. From perspective of the industry-university-research cooperation, we reviewed the current status and the future development of enzyme engineering from the aspects of enzyme resources, customization of enzyme molecular machine and cell factory.
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All depressive patients do not look similar. They differ from each other in terms of varying presentation of depression, other associated psychiatric features and personal characteristics. There is lack of evidence in terms of clinical trials and comparative studies to propose different treatment choice for different subtypes. However, in today's endeavour towards person centred health care services, we need to recognize and respect the uniqueness of presentation of every depressed patient from all perspective. Once we recognize it, our next duty is to provide a customized, holistic and cost effective care to that individual for not only improvement of his symptoms but also enhancement of his quality of life.
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PURPOSE: The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 was recently proposed to reflect contemporary changes in intensive care practices. SAPS 3 features customized equations for the prediction of mortality in different geographic regions. However, the usefulness of SAPS 3 and its customized equation (Australasia SAPS 3) have never been externally validated in Korea. This study was designed to validate SAPS 3 and Australasia SAPS 3 for mortality prediction in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the prospective intensive care unit (ICU) registry was conducted in the medical ICU of Samsung Medical Center. Calibration and discrimination were determined by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and area under the receiver operating characteristic (aROC) curve from 633 patients. RESULTS: The mortalities (%) predicted by SAPS 3, Australasia SAPS 3, and SAPS II were 42 +/- 28, 39 +/- 27 and 37 +/- 31, respectively. The calibration of SAPS II was poor (p = 0.003). SAPS 3 and Australasia SAPS 3 were appropriate (p > 0.05). The discriminative power of all models yielded aROC values less than 0.8. CONCLUSION: In Korea, mortality rates predicted using general SAPS 3 and Australasia SAPS 3 exhibited good calibration and modest discrimination. However, Australasia SAPS 3 did not improve the mortality prediction. To better predict mortality in Korean ICUs, a new equation may be needed specifically for Korea.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care Units , Korea , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The Italian care situation with regards to prostheses and aids is satisfying.The norm which establishes the ways in which aids can be supplied to disabled people goes back to 1999 and,even though it is based on correct principles and even though it has produced positive effects in the improvement of the life of disabled people,it must be updated in the light of the more recent technological and scientific innovations and of the new information instruments such as the diffusion of information and communication systems.