ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La reparación de la válvula mitral (RM) es actualmente la técnica de elección para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia mitral (IM) de origen degenerativo. La RM resectiva ha demostrado excelentes resultados en el mediano y largo plazo; no obstante, todavía hay discrepancias en la bibliografía sobre la técnica ideal en la reparación entre técnicas resectivas o conservadoras. Objetivos: Principal: comparar la durabilidad de la RM y la sobrevida libre de reoperación en la IM de origen degenerativo con la técnica de resección cuadrangular/triangular vs. la de implante de neocuerdas. Secundario: analizar los resultados técnico-quirúrgicos, las complicaciones posoperatorias tempranas y el punto final combinado de mortalidad, reoperación y/o progresión a la IM significativa de los pacientes sometidos a reparación de la IM. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, incluyendo pacientes en los que se efectuó RM a causa de IM grave de origen degenerativo (técnica resectiva o neocuerdas) durante el período enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2017. Los 154 pacientes incluidos se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo resectivas (aquellos sometidos a cirugías resectivas; n = 78) y grupo neocuerdas (aquellos sometidos a implante de neocuerdas; n = 76). Diez pacientes tuvieron ambos procedimientos y fueron excluidos del análisis. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 66,4 ± 13,9 años (p=0,3). En el 29,8% de ellos pudo realizarse un abordaje miniinvasivo. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue de 1,2% en el grupo resectivas vs. 1,3% en el grupo neocuerdas (p = 0,31), y en el seguimiento alejado fue de 2,4% vs. 1,3%, respectivamente (p = 0,62). Los tiempos de circulación extracorpórea fueron superiores en el grupo neocuerdas (160,3 ± 51,3 minutos, vs. 130,4 ± 42,4 minutos, p < 0,001), al igual que las reparaciones anteriores (17,1% vs. 3,8%, p = 0,007) y bivalvares (17,1% vs. 3,8%, p < 0,001). Considerando la totalidad de pacientes evaluados en el seguimiento alejado, la sobrevida libre de reoperación alcanzó el 97,4% y la sobrevida libre de IM ≥ moderada superó el 90%, con una sobrevida global a 7 años de 97,4%. La complicación más frecuente fue la fibrilación auricular (5,8%). Conclusiones: Ambas técnicas tuvieron excelentes resultados, los que fueron similares en términos de mortalidad, sobrevida libre de reoperación y libre de IM ≥ moderada.
ABSTRACT Background: Mitral valve repair (MVR) is the technique of choice for the treatment of degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). Leaflet resection has demonstrated excellent mid-term and long-term outcomes, but there are still disagreements in the literature at the moment of choosing between resection or conservative techniques. Objective: The primary outcome was to compare the durability of MVR and freedom from reoperation of the quadrangular and triangular leaflet resection techniques versus chordal replacement in degenerative MR. The secondary outcome was to analyze the results of the surgical techniques, the incidence of early postoperative complications and a composite outcome of mortality, reoperation or progression to significant MR in this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients with degenerative MR undergoing MVR (leaflet resection or chordal replacement) between January 2005 and December 2017. A total of 154 patients were included: 78 in the leaflet resection group and 76 in the chordal replacement group. Ten patients underwent both procedures and were excluded from the analysis. Results: Mean age was 66.4±13.9 years (p=0.3) A minimally invasive approach was used in 29.8% of cases. Mortality at 30 days was 1.2% in the leaflet resection group vs. 1.3% in the chordal replacement group (p=0.31), and it was 2.4% vs. 1.3%, respectively, in the long-term follow up (p=0.62). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in the chordal replacement group (160.3±51.3 minutes vs. 130.4±42.4 minutes, p<0.001), as well as the number of anterior leaflet (17.1% vs. 3.8%, p=0.007) and both leaflet repairs (17.1% vs. 3.8%, p<0.001). At the long-term follow-up, freedom from reoperation was 97.4%, freedom from significant MR was over 90% and survival at 7 years was 97.4% in the entire cohort. Atrial fibrillation was the most common complication (5.8%). Conclusions: Both techniques had excellent and similar results in terms of mortality, freedom from reoperation and freedom from significant MR.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the potential associations of dog characteristics with serum serotonin (5HT) concentration in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Client-owned dogs were prospectively recruited at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University between 2010 and 2011. Forty-two dogs (22 females and 20 males) were enrolled in this study. DMVD dogs included Maltese (n=12), followed by Shih-tzu (n=10), mixed breed (n=5), Chihuahua (n=4), Miniature schnauzer (n=3), Miniature poodle (n=3), Miniature pinscher (n=1), Pomeranian (n=1), Yorkshire terrier (n=2), and Spitz (n=1). As inclusion criteria for the study, dogs had to show either direct or echocardiographic evidence of DMVD. Platelet count significantly differed among the three groups, as the moderate (P<0.05) and severe groups (P<0.05) showed significantly higher platelet counts than the mild DMVD group. Additionally, significantly higher LVIDd, LVIDs, fractional shortening (FS), and LA:Ao ratios were observed in dogs with moderate (P<0.05) and severe (P<0.05) DMVD compared to the mild group, respectively. Significant positive correlations between serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) concentration and platelet count (r=0.273, P=0.03), LA:Ao ratio (r=0.459, P=0.001), and LVIDd (r=0.319, P=0.013) were observed in DMVD dogs. Therefore, serum 5HT concentration may be a potential cause of DMVD progression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Blood Platelets , Echocardiography , Hospitals, Teaching , Mitral Valve , Platelet Count , Prospective Studies , SerotoninABSTRACT
A 12-year-old spayed female Pomeranian (weighing 2.4 kg) was referred with primary complaints of acute dyspnea, cough, and lethargy. Diagnostic imaging studies found degenerative mitral valve cusps, chordae tendinae rupture, severe mitral regurgitation (5.45 m/s of peak velocity), and marked left atrial and ventricular dilation. The dog was diagnosed as having degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with ISACHC stage IIIa heart failure. Her clinical condition was stabilized after administration of cardiac medication (e.g. diuretics and pimobendan). Ten months later, the dog was referred back to the clinic due to a sudden worsening of clinical signs. Echocardiographic study found pulmonary hypertension in addition to DMVD. After medication was adjusted, clinical signs were stabilized in 2 weeks. The patient was returned after 4 months for cardiac recheck and there was no obvious worsening of clinical signs. Incidental finding of a left-to-right atrial septal defect from rupture of the atrial septum secondary to marked left atrial dilation by DMVD was noted by echocardiography. To diminish left atrial volume overload, the frequencies of both furosemide and pimobendan were increased (i.e. from q 12 hr to q 8 hr) in addition to adding spironolactone (1 mg/kg q 12 hr). Based on diagnostic findings, this case was re-diagnosed as acquired atrial septal defect secondary to rupture of the atrial septum with advanced stage DMVD. The dog was then stabilized and is currently being regularly monitored.