Classification for treatment of adult temporomandibular joint ankylosis and its secondary malformations / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To generate a new classification for adult temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA), which could effectively guide treatment strategies for adult TMJA patients with various clinical features. @* Methods@# We developed a new "CD" classification system according to the preservation of the condyle (C) and the severity of dentofacial bone deformity (D). From January 2016 to April 2020, 56 TMJ patients (with 73 ankylosed joints) in our department were classified into 4 subgroups by ‘CD’ classification: condylar head preservation but no dentofacial deformities (C+D-), no condylar head preservation and no dentofacial deformities (C-D-), condylar head preservation and dentofacial deformities (C+ D+), and no condylar head preservation but dentofacial deformities (C-D+). Different strategies were used according to the clinical features of each subgroup. The clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Different treatment strategies of temporomandibular joint reconstruction were adopted for different subclasses of patients and were followed. "C +": lateral arthroplasty (LAP) was used to remove the rigidity and preserve the medial residual condyle. "C-": if the ankylosing bone ball is small and the loss of ascending branch height is not obvious, arthroplasty should be performed to relieve ankylosis; however, if the ankylosing bone ball is large and the ascending branch height decreases significantly, joint reconstruction should be carried out after the ankylosis is relieved. "D +": surgical treatment of secondary dental and maxillofacial malformations at the same time or over stages. "D-": orthodontic treatment after operation to improve occlusal relationship and symptomatic treatment of oral diseases. @*Results@#After treatment, all 73 ankylosed joints were completely released, and the average maximal interincisal opening increased from (3.6±3.2 )to (32.8 ± 5.4) mm (P<0.001), with no recurrence of ankylosis found during the 12-48 month follow-up period.@*Conclusion @#The generation and elaboration of a ‘CD’ classification system is intended to help as a TMJA reconstruction guide for adult TMJA treatment and be widely used in more hospitals.

Manejo de un paciente clase III ósea con cirugía ortognática tardía: reporte de caso clínico / Management of an orthognathic surgery treatment in a skeletal class IIIpatient: case report

Antecedentes: El tratamiento establecido como el estándar de oro para las malformaciones óseas del complejo cráneo facial es el tratamiento de ortodoncia compaginado con cirugía ortognática, para alcanzar estabilidad oclusal, eliminar discrepancia ósea, armonía facial, mejora en la masticación, fonación y respiración. El protocolo de cirugía ortognática tardía consiste en 3 fases: tratamiento de ortodoncia pre-quirúrgica, cirugía ortognática y ortodoncia post-quirúrgica. Objetivo:El objetivo del caso clínico es trasmitir que el enfoque de cirugía tardía puede dar excelentes resultados, ser eficaz y rápido si existe un buen diagnóstico, manejo y una comunicación estrecha entre el ortodoncista y el cirujano maxilofacial. Reporte de caso:Paciente femenino de 18 años de edad clase III ósea. Presenta molestia ocasional, crepitación y luxación de la articulación temporomandibular, laterognasia. El tratamiento establecido fue cirugía ortognática tardía de ambos maxilares con osteotomía sagital unilateral. Resultados:Los objetivos del plan de tratamiento se cumplieron a 1 año 9 meses de haber iniciado el tratamiento ortodóncico. Conclusión:Con un buen diagnóstico y planificación del tratamiento de ortodoncia ­cirugía ortognática asegura excelentes resultados, así como, estabilidad ósea y armonía oclusal post-cirugía.

Introduction: The treatment established as the gold standard for skeletal deformities of the craniofacial complex is orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery, to achieve occlusal stability, facial harmony, improved mastication, phonation and breathing. The conventional orthognathic surgery protocol consists of 3 phases: pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery and post-surgical orthodontics. Case Report: 18-year-old female patient with skeletal class III. She presents occasional pain, crepitation and luxation of the temporomandibular joint, laterognathia. Treatment: Conventional orthognathic surgery of both jaws with unilateral sagittal osteotomy. Results: The objectives of the treatment plan were achieved 1 year and 9 months after starting orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: With a good diagnosis and treatment planning orthodontic -maxillofacial surgery ensures excellent results, as well as bone stability and occlusal harmony post-surgery.

Alternativas terapéuticas para el síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño en niños con anomalías intermaxilares sagitales o transversales: Revisión narrativa / Therapeutic alternatives for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children with sagittal and transverse intermaxillary anomalies: Narrative review

RESUMEN: Introducción: El síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño corresponde a un trastorno respiratorio del sueño muy prevalente en niños. Muchas alternativas terapéuticas buscan controlar los factores desencadenantes y la progresión de los signos y síntomas. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los efectos de los tratamientos para síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea del sueño en niños con anomalías intermaxilares sagitales o transversales. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos: PubMed, Epistemónikos, EBSCO, TripDataBase y The Cochrane Library, con las palabras clave: "Obstructive sleep apnea", "Obstructive sleep apnoea", "Sleep apnea syndrome", "Sleep apnoea syndrome", "Sleep apnea", "Sleep apnoea", "hypoapnea", "OSA", "Treatment", "Therapy", "Children", "Pediatric", "Craniofacial abnormalities", "Craniofacial anomalies", "Craniofacial abnormality", "Orthodontic" y una búsqueda retrógrada en los textos seleccionados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 23 artículos; 12 ensayos clínicos, 6 revisiones sistemáticas, 1 estudio observacional y 4 revisiones narrativas. Conclusión: Los tratamientos ortopédicos para el síndrome de apnea e hipoapnea son la expansión rápida maxilar y dispositivos de avance mandibular. No se encontró suficiente evidencia para determinar que estos dispositivos resuelvan completamente el síndrome, pero disminuyen el índice de apnea e hipoapnea y sus signos y síntomas.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea and hypoapnea syndrome refers to a respiratory sleep disorder with an increased prevalence among children. There are many therapeutic alternatives, focused on controlling trigger factors and the signs and symptoms progression. The objective of this review is to describe the effects of the available treatments for sleep apnea and hypoapnea syndrome in children with sagittal and transverse intermaxillary anomalies. Materials and Method: An electronic search was performed in PubMed database, Epistemonikos, EBSCO, Tripdatabase, and The Cochrane Library, using the keywords "Obstructive sleep apnea", "Obstructive sleep apnoea", "Sleep apnea syndrome", "Sleep apnoea syndrome", "Sleep apnea", "Sleep apnoea", "hypoapnea", "OSA", "Treatment", "Therapy", "Children", "Pediatric", "Craniofacial abnormalities", "Craniofacial anomalies", "Craniofacial abnormality" and "Orthodontic". Also, a retrieval search in the selected articles references was performed. Results: 23 articles were included; 12 clinical trials, 6 systematic reviews, 1 observational study and 4 narrative reviews. Conclusion: There are two types of orthopedic treatment for sleep apnea and hypoapnea syndrome in children with sagittal and transverse intermaxillary anomalies: rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular advancement devices. There was not enough evidence to determine that these devices achieve the syndrome's complete resolution. An important decrease in the apnea and hypoapnea index and signs and symptoms were observed.

Instrumental piezoeléctrico comparado con sierra convencional en cirugía ortognática / Piezoelectric bone surgery compared to conventional saw in orthognathic surgery

RESUMEN: Introducción: La utilización de instrumental piezoeléctrico en cirugía ortognática ha ido en aumento con el fin de minimizar el riesgo de daño a tejidos blandos en comparación al uso de sierra convencional. Sin embargo, aún existe incertidumbre respecto a las complicaciones asociadas a cada instrumental. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un meta análisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 10 estudios primarios, de los cuales, cuatro corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de instrumental piezoeléctrico en comparación con la sierra convencional podría disminuir el riesgo de daño nervioso grave y disminuir el sangrado grave (>500 mL), pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Por otra parte, el uso de instrumental piezoeléctrico podría presentar poca o nula diferencia en el dolor postoperatorio, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Finalmente no es posible establecer con claridad si el uso de instrumental piezoeléctrico disminuye la pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria (variable continua), la inflamación postoperatoria o el tiempo operatorio, ya que la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The use of piezoelectric bone surgery in orthognathic surgery has been increasing to minimize the risk of soft tissue damage compared to conventional saws. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the complications associated with each instrument. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed primary studies' data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified four systematic reviews that included 10 primary studies, four of which corresponded to randomized trials. We conclude that the use of piezoelectric instrumentation compared to the conventional saw may reduce the risk of severe nerve damage and decrease severe bleeding (>500 mL), but the certainty of the evidence is low. On the other hand, the use of piezoelectric bone surgery may make little or no difference in postoperative pain, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Finally, we are uncertain whether piezoelectric bone surgery reduces intraoperative blood loss (continuous variable), postoperative inflammation, and operative time, as the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as very low.

Orthodontic treatment in cleft lip and palate team approach / 口腔疾病防治

@#Orthodontic treatment for dentofacial deformity is fundamental throughout the entire management process of cleft lip and palate. Orthodontist is one of those who are indispensable in the comprehensive multidisciplinary cleft team. Cleft lip and palate patients have unique dentofacial characteristics which makes the treatment goals and strategies different from those of other patients in different stages. For newborns with cleft lip and palate, the main treatment includes presurgical orthopedics. For patients in their primary dentition stage, the treatment mainly focuses on the prevention of bad oral habits and severe malocclusion. For those in their mixed dentition stage, the treatment mainly consists of dentition preparation for alveolar bone grafting and skeletal growth modification. For patients in their permanent dentition stage, treatment strategies include orthodontic camaflouge treatment, combined orthodontic-orthognathic approach and segmental alveolar distraction osteogenesis. In addition to routine orthodontic treatment, orthodontists should pay special attention to managing the compliance of cleft lip and palate patients with unique psychological characteristics. By summarizing the state-of-art cleft lip and palate orthodontic care in the multidisciplinary team, this review aims to involve more orthodontic clinicians to join in the modern biopsychosocial medical practice of cleft lip and palate team approach and to improve the standard of care for cleft lip and palate patients.

Nivel de satisfacción multidimensional en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de cirugía maxilofacial / Level of multidimensional satisfaction in patients assisted in a maxillofacial surgery service

Se realizó estudio descriptivo, transversal y aleatorizado de 26 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de deformidades dentofaciales, atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2013, con vistas a evaluar el nivel de satisfacción con la atención recibida, para lo cual se aplicó un cuestionario de carácter multidimensional (modelo de las deficiencias o método SERVPERF). En la serie se observó que los pacientes quedaron satisfechos con 3 de las 5 dimensiones analizadas. Los atributos con los cuales se sintieron insatisfechos correspondieron a las dimensiones elementos tangibles y capacidad de respuesta, con las puntuaciones promedio más bajas. Finalmente, se impone que las principales autoridades institucionales y de la dirección sectorial de salud presten mayor atención a las deficiencias detectadas, a fin de aumentar el nivel de satisfacción en los diferentes aspectos señalados

A descriptive, cross-sectional and randomized study of 26 adult patients with diagnosis of dentofacial deformities was carried out. They were assisted in the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2008 to December, 2013, aimed at evaluating the level of satisfaction with the care received, for which a questionnaire of multidimensional character was applied (model of deficiencies or SERVPERF method). In the series it was observed that patients were satisfied with 3 of the 5 analyzed dimensions. The attributes with which they felt unsatisfied corresponded to the tangible elements dimensions and response capacity, with the lowest average scores. Finally, it is imposed that the main institutional and health sector direction authorities pay more attention to these deficiencies, in order to increase the level of satisfaction in the different aspects pointed out

Rotación del cuerpo adiposo de la mejilla para aumento de la proyección labial: reporte de caso / Rotation of the buccal fat pad to increase lip projection: a report of a case

El tratamiento de pacientes con alteraciones esqueletales o malformaciones se inicia con una planifi cación mediante análisis facial y trazadocefalométrico. Con frecuencia los valores de este análisis determinan condiciones esqueletales o disponibilidad de tejidos blandos inapropiados. El injerto de grasa autólogo y el uso del cuerpo adiposo mejilla (CAM) son opciones viables para cubrir estas defi ciencias y alcanzarun favorable resultado estético y funcional. El cuerpo adiposo de lamejilla es una estructura que por sus características tisulares tiene unabuena capacidad de adaptación, baja incidencia de infección y rechazo. Es común que no se le dé importancia y sólo se le reseque para lograr una mejor defi nición malar y contorno facial. Sus usos terapéuticos son múltiples y debe ser siempre una opción reconstructiva. Se presenta un caso de paciente femenino de 17 años de edad con un diagnóstico de deformidad dentofacial, defi ciencia de tejidos blandos en región labial, perinasal y antecedentes de ortodoncia de camuflaje. Como tratamiento se realiza corrección de tejidos duros mediante cirugía ortognática y rinoplastia; y para mejorar la proyección de tejidos blandos se lleva a cabo una rotación con avance del cuerpo adiposo de la mejilla.

The treatment of patients with skeletal abnormalities or deformitiesbegins with planning based on facial analysis and cephalometrictracing. Often the values obtained from that analysis reveal abnormalskeletal conditions or insuffi cient soft tissue. Autologous fat graftsand using the buccal fat pad provide viable options to correct thesedefects and achieve a favorable aesthetic and functional result. The tissue characteristics of the buccal fat pad make it a structure that hasgood adaptability and a low rate of infection and rejection. It is of tenoverlooked and simply resected to achieve more defi ned cheekbonesand facial contours. It has multiple therapeutic uses and should alwaysbe considered an option in reconstructive procedures. We present thecase of a 17-year-old female patient diagnosed with a dentofacialdeformity, soft tissue defi ciency in the lip and perinasal region, and afailed orthodontic camoufl age treatment. Orthognathic and rhinoplastysurgery were performed to correct the hard-tissue defect, and the buccalfat pad rotated and advanced to enhance soft-tissue projection.

Frontal augmentation as an adjunct to orthognathic or facial contouring surgery / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The dimensions and shape of the forehead determine the esthetics of the upper third of the face. Korean young people consider a broad and smooth, rounded forehead more attractive. As a result, frontal augmentation becomes more popular in patients with dentofacial deformities. Various surgical procedures and materials have been used in frontal augmentation surgery, with associated advantages and disadvantages. Silicone is a good candidate for frontal augmentation. The author presents two cases of esthetic frontal augmentation with a prefabricated silicone implant in female patients with dentofacial deformities. CASE PRESENTATION: In case 1, a 24-year-old female patient underwent frontal augmentation surgery with simultaneous maxillomandibular and zygomatic osteotomies to correct facial asymmetry. A silicone implant was fabricated preoperatively using a positive template stone mold of her forehead. In case 2, a 23-year-old female patient underwent total facial contouring surgery including frontal augmentation for improved facial esthetics. A computed tomography (CT)-guided rapid prototype (RP) model was used to make the silicone implants. The operative procedure was safe and simple, and the silicone implants were reliable for a larger degree of frontal augmentation. Six months later, both patients had recovered from the surgery and were satisfied with their frontal shape and projection. CONCLUSIONS: Frontal augmentation with silicone implants can be an effective adjuvant strategy to improve facial esthetics in patients with a flat and narrow forehead who undergo orthognathic reconstruction or total facial contouring surgery.

Analysis of Soft Tissue Changes after Genioplasty in Skeletal Class III Dentofacial Deformity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the anteroinferior changes and the degree of vertical changes to facilitate the prediction of treatment outcome in patients undergoing genioplasty only, genioplasty with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO), genioplasty, or BSSRO and Lefort I osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial cephalometry was performed on 25 patients at 1-year follow-up after genioplasty, to assess skeletal changes and relapse. Surgery was performed using conventional techniques. RESULTS: The mean ratio was 0.9 : 1 of soft tissue to skeletal movement at pogonion, but the average difference between hard and soft tissue was large; thus, the prediction of anteroposterior soft tissue changes was quite inaccurate. CONCLUSION: We observed a good correlation between the amount of hard versus soft tissue change with surgery in the horizontal direction, but a poor correlation in the vertical plane.

A clinicostastical study of inpatients of orthognathic surgery between 1993-2002