Intervention of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in NLRP3 Inflammasome-mediated Digestive System Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome as an essential component of the innate system is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory diseases. Studies have confirmed its association with digestive system diseases such as ulcerative colitis， Crohn's disease， and acute pancreatitis， suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the initiation and progression of these diseases. Based on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the pathways that mediate the inflammatory response， this article introduced the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathogenesis of multiple digestive system diseases and the Chinese and western medical therapies. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated definite effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated digestive system diseases. Some single Chinese medicines or TCM prescriptions can treat digestive system diseases by activating or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasome can receive a variety of endogenous and exogenous stimulatory signals， which can initiate， activate， and mediate inflammatory responses. The inflammasome formation and downstream inflammatory cytokines are involved in not only the inflammatory responses but also the development and progression of multiple digestive system diseases. Therefore， the NLRP3 inflammasome can serve as an ideal target for disease treatment. The future rediscovery and in-depth studies of multiple inflammasomes will shed new light on the treatment of multiple digestive system diseases.

Digestive diseases of cattle diagnosed at the "Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns"-UFRPE: retrospective study and influence of seasonality / Enfermidades do sistema digestório de bovinos diagnosticadas na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns-UFRPE: estudo retrospectivo e influência da sazonalidade

Diseases of the bovine digestive system make up an important group of diseases, often being responsible for significant economic losses in the livestock sector. The current work aimed to carry out a retrospective study of the diseases of the digestive system in cattle diagnosed at the "Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns", "Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco", from January 1999 to December 2018. In this period, a total of 9,343 cattle were admitted to the CBG-UFRPE, of which 2,238 (24.0%) were diagnosed with diseases of the digestive system. In two decades, the total number of cattle admitted annually by the institution almost doubled as well as the number of cases of digestive diseases. The diseases categorized as mechanical/motor were the most prevalent (33.6%), followed by fermentative (28.4%), gastroenteritis (16.0%), esophageal diseases (9.7%), and diseases of the oral cavity (4.5%). Lesions of the rectum and anus, congenital alterations, and other digestive diseases showed relative frequencies below 4%. Traumatic reticulitis and its sequelae (14.5%) are the most prevalent disorders, followed by simple indigestion (10.1%), esophageal and intestinal obstructive disorders (9.0%), non-specific gastroenteritis (8.6%), displaced abomasum (RDA and LDA) (5.5%), and frothy bloat, ruminal lactic acidosis, and impaction of the forestomach and abomasum, which represented approximately 5% each. In general, these diseases presented a lethality rate of 46.0%, with emphasis on mechanical/motor diseases with a lethality rate of 73.8%. In general, diseases were more prevalent in females, crossbreeds, aged over 24 months, and raised in a semi-intensive system. Diseases of the digestive system increased over the years studied, representing a considerable portion of the diseases that affect cattle raised in this region, which makes up the main milk basin in the State of Pernambuco, confirming its economic and social impact in the region.(AU)

As enfermidades do sistema digestório dos bovinos compõem importante grupo de doenças frequentemente responsáveis por perdas econômicas significativas no setor pecuário. Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo das enfermidades do sistema digestório dos bovinos diagnosticadas na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, no período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2018. Neste período foi atendido um total de 9.343 bovinos dos quais 2.238 (24,0%) foram diagnosticados com enfermidades do sistema digestório. Em duas décadas, o número total de bovinos atendidos anualmente pela instituição quase dobrou, assim como o número de casos de doenças digestivas. As enfermidades categorizadas como de natureza mecânica/motora foram as mais prevalentes (33,6%), seguidas das fermentativas (28,4%), das gastroenterites (16,0%), das enfermidades esofágicas (9,7%) e das enfermidades da cavidade oral (4,5%). As lesões do reto e ânus, as alterações congênitas e outras enfermidades digestórias apresentaram frequências relativas inferiores a 4%. As reticulites traumáticas e suas sequelas (14,5%) destacaram-se como as doenças mais prevalentes, seguidas das indigestões simples (10,1%), dos transtornos obstrutivos esofágicos e intestinais (9,0%), das gastroenterites inespecíficas (8,6%), dos deslocamentos de abomaso (DAD e DAE) (5,5%) e do timpanismo espumoso, acidose láctica ruminal e compactações dos pré-estômagos e abomaso, que representaram aproximadamente 5% cada. No geral estas enfermidades apresentaram taxa de letalidade de 46,0%, com destaque para as enfermidades de natureza mecânica/motora cuja letalidade foi de 73,8%. De maneira geral as enfermidades foram mais prevalentes em fêmeas mestiças, com idade superior a 24 meses, criadas em sistema semi-intensivo. As enfermidades do sistema digestório, crescentes ao longo dos anos estudados, representaram parcela considerável das doenças que acometem os bovinos criados na região que compõe a principal bacia leiteira do Estado de Pernambuco, ratificando seu impacto econômico e social para a região.(AU)

Ultrasound with laparoscopy for the diagnosis of abdominal disorders in cattle / Estudo da ultrassonografia e laparoscopia para diagnóstico das desordens abdominais em bovinos

This study aimed to evaluate laparoscopy with abdominal ultrasound exams to establish accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The experimental design was a prospective clinical study. Nine adult crossbred bovines suffering from abdominal disorders were admitted to the cattle clinic for clinical examinations. Abdominal ultrasound was carried out, and complete blood counts were performed. Subsequently, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. After surgery (exploratory laparoscopy on the right or left side), animals with a severe prognosis or untreatable clinical condition were euthanised and necropsied. During laparoscopy, circumscribed reticuloperitonitis could not be detected, nor could other abnormalities in the cranioventral region of the abdomen previously observed on ultrasound and confirmed during necropsy. However, alterations due to peritoneal damage, such as adhesions, were observed dorsally in addition to alterations in macroscopic aspects of the peritoneal fluid. Exploratory standing laparoscopy through the paralumbar fossae may constitute a supplementary procedure for diagnosing abdominal disorders in cattle, but it is not suitable in cases of diseases characterised by focal lesions concentrated in the cranioventral region of the abdomen. When associated with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound examinations, this technique may improve the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of abdominal disorders in cattle.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a laparoscopia com exames de ultrassom abdominal para estabelecer um diagnóstico e prognóstico precisos. O desenho experimental foi um estudo clínico prospectivo. Nove bovinos adultos mestiços com distúrbios abdominais foram utilizados. Os bovinos admitidos na Clínica de Bovinos foram submetidos a exame clínico, adicionalmente foram realizadas hemograma e ultrassonografia abdominal. Posteriormente, foi realizada laparoscopia exploratória. Após a cirurgia (laparoscopia exploratória no lado direito ou esquerdo), nove animais com manifestações clínicas graves e intratáveis foram sacrificados e necropsiados. Durante a laparoscopia, não foi possível detectar reticuloperitonite circunscrita, bem como outras anormalidades na região crânio-ventral do abdome, previamente observadas na ultrassonografia e confirmadas durante a necropsia. No entanto, alterações devido a dano peritoneal, como aderências, foram observadas dorsalmente. É possível que a laparoscopia exploratória em apoio quadrupedal através da fossa paralombar constitua um procedimento complementar para o diagnóstico de distúrbios abdominais em bovinos, embora não seja adequado em casos de doenças caracterizadas por lesões focais concentradas na região cranioventral do abdome. Quando associada a exames clínicos, laboratoriais e de ultrassom, essa técnica pode melhorar o diagnóstico e prognóstico preciso dos distúrbios abdominais em bovinos.(AU)

Digestive diseases of cattle diagnosed at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns-UFRPE: retrospective study and influence of seasonality

ABSTRACT: Diseases of the bovine digestive system make up an important group of diseases, often being responsible for significant economic losses in the livestock sector. The current work aimed to carry out a retrospective study of the diseases of the digestive system in cattle diagnosed at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, from January 1999 to December 2018. In this period, a total of 9,343 cattle were admitted to the CBG-UFRPE, of which 2,238 (24.0%) were diagnosed with diseases of the digestive system. In two decades, the total number of cattle admitted annually by the institution almost doubled as well as the number of cases of digestive diseases. The diseases categorized as mechanical/motor were the most prevalent (33.6%), followed by fermentative (28.4%), gastroenteritis (16.0%), esophageal diseases (9.7%), and diseases of the oral cavity (4.5%). Lesions of the rectum and anus, congenital alterations, and other digestive diseases showed relative frequencies below 4%. Traumatic reticulitis and its sequelae (14.5%) are the most prevalent disorders, followed by simple indigestion (10.1%), esophageal and intestinal obstructive disorders (9.0%), non-specific gastroenteritis (8.6%), displaced abomasum (RDA and LDA) (5.5%), and frothy bloat, ruminal lactic acidosis, and impaction of the forestomach and abomasum, which represented approximately 5% each. In general, these diseases presented a lethality rate of 46.0%, with emphasis on mechanical/motor diseases with a lethality rate of 73.8%. In general, diseases were more prevalent in females, crossbreeds, aged over 24 months, and raised in a semi-intensive system. Diseases of the digestive system increased over the years studied, representing a considerable portion of the diseases that affect cattle raised in this region, which makes up the main milk basin in the State of Pernambuco, confirming its economic and social impact in the region.

RESUMO: As enfermidades do sistema digestório dos bovinos compõem importante grupo de doenças frequentemente responsáveis por perdas econômicas significativas no setor pecuário. Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo das enfermidades do sistema digestório dos bovinos diagnosticadas na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, no período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2018. Neste período foi atendido um total de 9.343 bovinos dos quais 2.238 (24,0%) foram diagnosticados com enfermidades do sistema digestório. Em duas décadas, o número total de bovinos atendidos anualmente pela instituição quase dobrou, assim como o número de casos de doenças digestivas. As enfermidades categorizadas como de natureza mecânica/motora foram as mais prevalentes (33,6%), seguidas das fermentativas (28,4%), das gastroenterites (16,0%), das enfermidades esofágicas (9,7%) e das enfermidades da cavidade oral (4,5%). As lesões do reto e ânus, as alterações congênitas e outras enfermidades digestórias apresentaram frequências relativas inferiores a 4%. As reticulites traumáticas e suas sequelas (14,5%) destacaram-se como as doenças mais prevalentes, seguidas das indigestões simples (10,1%), dos transtornos obstrutivos esofágicos e intestinais (9,0%), das gastroenterites inespecíficas (8,6%), dos deslocamentos de abomaso (DAD e DAE) (5,5%) e do timpanismo espumoso, acidose láctica ruminal e compactações dos pré-estômagos e abomaso, que representaram aproximadamente 5% cada. No geral estas enfermidades apresentaram taxa de letalidade de 46,0%, com destaque para as enfermidades de natureza mecânica/motora cuja letalidade foi de 73,8%. De maneira geral as enfermidades foram mais prevalentes em fêmeas mestiças, com idade superior a 24 meses, criadas em sistema semi-intensivo. As enfermidades do sistema digestório, crescentes ao longo dos anos estudados, representaram parcela considerável das doenças que acometem os bovinos criados na região que compõe a principal bacia leiteira do Estado de Pernambuco, ratificando seu impacto econômico e social para a região.

Ultrasound with laparoscopy for the diagnosis of abdominal disorders in cattle

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate laparoscopy with abdominal ultrasound exams to establish accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The experimental design was a prospective clinical study. Nine adult crossbred bovines suffering from abdominal disorders were admitted to the cattle clinic for clinical examinations. Abdominal ultrasound was carried out, and complete blood counts were performed. Subsequently, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. After surgery (exploratory laparoscopy on the right or left side), animals with a severe prognosis or untreatable clinical condition were euthanised and necropsied. During laparoscopy, circumscribed reticuloperitonitis could not be detected, nor could other abnormalities in the cranioventral region of the abdomen previously observed on ultrasound and confirmed during necropsy. However, alterations due to peritoneal damage, such as adhesions, were observed dorsally in addition to alterations in macroscopic aspects of the peritoneal fluid. Exploratory standing laparoscopy through the paralumbar fossae may constitute a supplementary procedure for diagnosing abdominal disorders in cattle, but it is not suitable in cases of diseases characterised by focal lesions concentrated in the cranioventral region of the abdomen. When associated with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound examinations, this technique may improve the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of abdominal disorders in cattle.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a laparoscopia com exames de ultrassom abdominal para estabelecer um diagnóstico e prognóstico precisos. O desenho experimental foi um estudo clínico prospectivo. Nove bovinos adultos mestiços com distúrbios abdominais foram utilizados. Os bovinos admitidos na Clínica de Bovinos foram submetidos a exame clínico, adicionalmente foram realizadas hemograma e ultrassonografia abdominal. Posteriormente, foi realizada laparoscopia exploratória. Após a cirurgia (laparoscopia exploratória no lado direito ou esquerdo), nove animais com manifestações clínicas graves e intratáveis foram sacrificados e necropsiados. Durante a laparoscopia, não foi possível detectar reticuloperitonite circunscrita, bem como outras anormalidades na região crânio-ventral do abdome, previamente observadas na ultrassonografia e confirmadas durante a necropsia. No entanto, alterações devido a dano peritoneal, como aderências, foram observadas dorsalmente. É possível que a laparoscopia exploratória em apoio quadrupedal através da fossa paralombar constitua um procedimento complementar para o diagnóstico de distúrbios abdominais em bovinos, embora não seja adequado em casos de doenças caracterizadas por lesões focais concentradas na região cranioventral do abdome. Quando associada a exames clínicos, laboratoriais e de ultrassom, essa técnica pode melhorar o diagnóstico e prognóstico preciso dos distúrbios abdominais em bovinos.

Caracterización de la Lactancia Materna Exclusiva en menores de 6 Meses. Enero-Marzo. 2019 / Characterization of Exclusive Breastfeeding in children under 6 months. January March. 2019 / Caracterização do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo em menores de 6 meses. Janeiro Março. 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la lactancia materna ha sido la forma de alimentación más segura para el ser humano en toda su historia. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva en los niños menores de 6 meses en el Servicio de Gastro del Hospital Pediátrico Docente General Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo, en el periodo Enero-Marzo de 2019. Métodos: el diseño fue descriptivo, observacional y trasversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 393 niños que ingresaron en este periodo y la muestra después de aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión quedó conformada por 227 niños. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante el programa EPIDAT versión 3.1, como procesador de texto, el programa Microsoft Word versión 6.0. Resultados: la edad que más predominó en estos niños ingresados en el servicio de Gastro fueron los de 0 a 3 meses (72,2%), la edad materna de los niños ingresados en el servicio de Gastro que abandonaron la LME predominando las de 20 a 30 años con (58,1%), el sexo que predominó en estos niños fue el masculino con 121 (53,3%), La procedencia urbana fue la que predomino en los niños que abandonaron la LME, con 146(63,4%) y el nivel de escolaridad que predominó fue el nivel universitario (58,1%). Conclusiones: la edad del niño de 0-3 meses, edad materna de 21 a 30 años, el sexo masculino, la procedencia urbana, con nivel de escolaridad universitario, fueron los factores que incidieron en el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva.

ABSTRACT Introduction: breastfeeding has been the safest form of feeding for human beings throughout its history. Objective: to characterize the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding in children under 6 months of age in the Gastro Service of the Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo General Teaching Pediatric Hospital, in the period January-March 2019. Methods: the design was descriptive, observational and transversal. The universe consisted of 393 children who were admitted in this period and the sample after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria was made up of 227 children. The data processing was performed using the EPIDAT version 3.1 program, as a word processor, the Microsoft Word version 6.0 program. Results: the age that most prevailed in these children admitted to the Gastro service were those from 0 to 3 months (72.2%), the maternal age of the children admitted to the Gastro service who left the EBF, predominantly those of 20 at 30 years with (58.1%), the sex that predominated in these children was the male with 121 (53.3%), The urban origin was the one that predominated in the children who abandoned the EBF, with 146 (63, 4%) and the level of education that predominated was the university level (58.1%). Conclusions: the child's age from 0-3 months, maternal age from 21 to 30 years, the male sex, the urban origin, with a university education level, were the factors that influenced the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding.

RESUMO Introdução: a amamentação tem sido a forma mais segura de alimentação do ser humano ao longo de sua história. Objetivo: caracterizar o comportamento do aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses de idade no Gastro Service do Hospital Geral Pediátrico Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo, no período de janeiro a março de 2019. Métodos: o desenho foi descritivo, observacional e transversal. O universo foi constituído por 393 crianças internadas nesse período e a amostra após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foi composta por 227 crianças. O processamento dos dados foi realizado no programa EPIDAT versão 3.1, como processador de texto, o programa Microsoft Word versão 6.0. Resultados: a idade que mais prevaleceu nessas crianças internadas no Gastro foi a de 0 a 3 meses (72,2%), idade materna das crianças internadas no Gastro que saíram do AME, predominantemente as de 20 anos. aos 30 anos com (58,1%), o sexo que predominou nessas crianças foi o masculino com 121 (53,3%), A origem urbana foi a que predominou nas crianças que abandonaram o AME, com 146 (63, 4%) e o nível de escolaridade que predominou foi o ensino superior (58,1%). Conclusões: a idade da criança de 0 a 3 meses, a idade materna de 21 a 30 anos, o sexo masculino, a origem urbana, com nível de escolaridade universitária, foram os fatores que influenciaram o abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Plantas medicinales utilizadas para enfermedades del sistema digestivo en Tetela del Volcán, Estado de Morelos, México / Medicinal plants used for diseases of the digestive system in Tetela del Volcan, State of Morelos, Mexico

The medicinal plants has been used since Prehispanic times by Mexican people to treat digestive diseases. Nowadays their use is a common practice in the poor communities. This work describes the traditional use of medicinal plants to cure these type of ailment in the community of Tetela del Volcán. Guided collect of botanical material and a total of 92 semi-structured interviews to 58 people were carried out. A total of 78 species, 70 genus and 36 families were registered. The families Asteracea and Lamiaceae predominanted culturally. Most of the species were cultivated and branches were preferably utilized. Of the total of 24 diseases, stomach pain and diarrhea were the most important. The species Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentha x piperita L., Artemisia absinthium L. y Psidium guajava L had the highest modified Friedman Fidelity Indexes. This biocultural heritage contributes to health, thus to the well-bearing of inhabitants of Tetela del Volcán.

Los mexicanos han utilizado las plantas medicinales para las enfermedades del sistema digestivo desde la época prehispánica, actualmente son particularmente empleadas en las comunidades pobres. Se describe el uso de las plantas medicinales para curar dicho tipo de padecimientos en la comunidad de Tetela del Volcán. Se realizaron colectas guiadas de material botánico y 92 entrevistas semi- estructuradas a 59 informantes. Se registraron 78 especies pertenecientes a 70 géneros y 36 familias. Las familias Asteracea y Lamiaceae dominan culturalmente. La mayoría de las especies son cultivadas y se usan preferentemente las ramas. De 24 enfermedades, el dolor de estómago y la diarrea fueron las más importantes. Las especies Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentha x piperita L., Artemisia absinthium L. y Psidium guajava L. tuvieron los mayores Índices de Fidelidad de Friedman modificados. Este patrimonio biocultural contribuye en la salud y, por lo tanto, al bienestar de los habitantes de Tetela del Volcán.

Prevalencia, posibles asociaciones y características de niños entre los 2 y 4 años de edad con desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales de Cali, Colombia / Prevalence, possible associations and characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children between 2 and 4 years of age in Cali, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: los estudios en desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales (DGF) de preescolares son escasos. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia, posibles asociaciones y características en preescolares con DGF de consulta externa privada y hospitalaria de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo tipo prevalencia en niños entre los 2 y 4 años de edad. Los padres y/o tutores respondieron los Criterios de Roma III en español. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central, t-student a dos colas, chi cuadrado (χ2) y prueba exacta de Fisher; análisis uni y multivariados, cálculo de Odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianza (IC) 95 %, siendo una p <0,05 estadísticamente significativa. Resultados: se incluyeron 188 niños (3,4 ± 0,7 años, 51,6 % de sexo masculino, 63,3 % de consulta privada). Hubo una prevalencia del 39,9 %, 36,2 %, 2,7 % y 1,1 % para DGF, estreñimiento funcional (EF), diarrea funcional (DF) y síndrome de vómito cíclico (SVC), respectivamente. Los principales síntomas fueron para EF, heces 2 o menos veces por semana y dolor al defecar. Hubo predominio cuando tenían padres separados/divorciados. Conclusión: La prevalencia de DGF fue alta, siendo la principal causa el EF y su posible factor de riesgo, tener padres separados/divorciados.

Abstract Introduction: Studies of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGDs) among preschoolers are scarce. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, possible associations and characteristics of pre-school children with FGDs from private clinics and hospital outpatient clinics in Cali, Colombia. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study of prevalence in children between 2 and 4 years of age. The parents and/or guardians responded to the Rome III Criteria in Spanish. Sociodemographic, family and clinical variables were taken into account. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendency, two-tailed Student's t-tests, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, univariate and multivariate analyses, and calculation of ORs and 95% CI with p <0.05 established as statistically significant. Results: One hundred eighty-eight children were included (3.4 ± 0.7 years, 51.6% male, 63.3% private consultation) The prevalence of FGDs was 39.9%, the prevalence of functional constipation was 36.2%, the prevalence of functional diarrhea was 2.7% and the prevalence of cyclic vomiting syndrome was 1.1%. The main symptoms were for functional constipation were two or less bowel movements pre week and pain during defecation. Functional constipation was predominant when the patient had separated or divorced parents. Conclusion: The prevalence of FGDs was high and was the main cause of functional constipation. A possible risk factor is separated or divorced parents.

Current status of digestive disease research filed in China from National Natural Science Foundation of China during 2010 to 2017 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To analyze the current status and future directions of digestive disease research filed in China from previous application and funded projects under H03 code of National Natural Science Foundation of China during 2010 to 2017.Methods All kinds of application and funded projects under H03 code of National Natural Science Foundation of China during 2010 to 2017 were recorded to statistically analyze the subordinate branches,distribution of applicants/institutions,interdisciplinary projects,and cultivation projects.Results The total number of application projects was increasing during the past 8 years.The main research directions include gastrointestinal,hepatic,and pancreatic non-tumor diseases.Funded projects were mainly distributed in relatively developed areas and distinguished universities.The number of funded excellent/distinguished young scholar projects in digestive disease is small.Conclusions With the funding aid from NSFC,the fundamental research in China's digestive disease field has progressed significantly.However,the overall research capacity still need to be further improved.NSFC will continue to fund related research in this field according to its "the 13th Five-Year Plan".

Recent advances of relationship between intestinal microbiota and digestive diseases / 中华检验医学杂志

There are trillions of bacteria in the human′s intestine, these bacteria constitute the largest human microbiota what are called intestinal flora , the intestinal flora participate in or affect the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases with the host as a whole .This review is focused on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and digestive diseases .It is helpful for clinicians to expand their understanding of the pathogenesis of related diseases and to broaden the diagnosis and treatment of diseases by understanding and studying the effects of intestinal microflora on the development of these diseases .

Enfermidades do sistema digestório de bovinos da região semiárida do Brasil / Digestive diseases of cattle from the semiarid of Brazil

Os problemas digestivos são importantes causas de afecções em bovinos e estudos sobre a frequência de ocorrência destas na região semiárida do Brasil ainda não foram realizados. Objetivou-se com este trabalho obter informações sobre a ocorrência de doenças do sistema digestório em bovinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2014. No período do levantamento foram atendidos 1.202 bovinos, sendo 19,4% (233/1202) diagnosticados com enfermidades do sistema digestório. A taxa de letalidade das enfermidades foi 49,8% (116/233). As reticulites traumáticas e a indigestão vagal foram diagnosticadas, respectivamente, em 13,3%e 5,1% dos animais atendidos, sendo considerados distúrbios motores frequentes e de alta letalidade devido à gravidade das lesões, demora no atendimento clínico e imprecisão no diagnóstico. A obstrução ao fluxo da ingesta foi também uma condição identificada frequentemente, sendo ocasionada por obstruções esofágicas (4,3%), impactações no rúmen (11,7%), omaso e/ou abomaso (3,4%) e principalmente acidentes intestinais (26,2%), tendo a totalidade dos casos superado os distúrbios fermentativos da cavidade ruminorreticular. Actinobacilose (6,9%), actinomicose (3%) e paratuberculose (1,7%) foram as doenças infecciosas bacterianas diagnosticadas. As doenças infecciosas virais diagnosticadas foram a febre catarral maligna (4,3%), diarreia viral bovina e a doença das mucosas (3%). As doenças parasitárias foram também importantes causas de morbidade em bovinos jovens (9,4%) apesar dos sistemas de criação com baixa lotação e as condições climáticas da região não favorecerem a sobrevivência de parasitos gastrintestinais, demonstrando que não estão sendo implantadas medidas de controle adequadas para estas enfermidades. Os distúrbios motores da cavidade ruminorreticular, seguido das obstruções intestinais e das doenças infecciosas digestivas são os mais frequentes problemas digestivos de bovinos na região semiárida do Brasil. A ingestão de corpos estranhos é um dos mais graves problemas na região sendo necessário intenso trabalho de divulgação sobre medidas profiláticas. Além disso, medidas de controle e profilaxia de enfermidades infectocontagiosas como a diarreia viral bovina e a paratuberculose precisam ser divulgadas, pela possibilidade de disseminação destas nos rebanhos da região.(AU)

Digestive problems are important causes of diseases in cattle and studies on the frequency of its occurrence in the semiarid region of Brazil have not been conducted. The aim of this study was to acquire information on the occurrence of digestive diseases of cattle attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2014. During the period of the survey 1,202 cattle were attended, from which 19.4% (233/1202) were diagnosed with digestive disorders. The lethality rate of the diseases was 49.8% (116/233). Traumatic reticulitis and vagal indigestion were diagnosed respectively in 13.3% e 5.1% of the animals treated being considered common and high lethality motor disorders, which were attributed to the severity of injuries, delay in the clinical care and inaccurate diagnoses. Obstruction of the intake flow, caused by esophageal obstruction (4.3%), rumen impactations (11.7%), omasum and/or abomasum impaction (3.4%), and especially intestinal accidents (26.2%) was a commonly identified condition, and its case totality exceeded the number cases of ruminorreticular cavity fermentative disorders. Actinobacillosis (6.9%), actinomycosis (3%) and paratuberculosis (1.7%) were the bacterial infectious diseases diagnosed, and the first was the most frequent. Viral infectious diseases diagnosed were malignant catarrhal fever (4.3%), bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease (3%). Despite the management systems with low animal density and climatic conditions of the region do not favor the survival of gastrointestinal parasites, parasitic diseases were also important causes of morbidity in young cattle (9.4%), suggesting that suitable control measures for those diseases have not been implemented Motor disorders of the ruminoreticular cavity, followed by intestinal obstructions and digestive infectious diseases are the most frequent digestive problems of cattle in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The ingestion of foreign bodies is one of the most serious problems in the region and intense work is needed to disseminate it on prophylactic measures. In addition, measures for the control and prophylaxis of infectious diseases such as bovine viral diarrhea and paratuberculosis need to be disclosed, due to the possibility of dissemination of these diseases in the herds of the region.(AU)

Research progress on chemical constituents in Vladimiriae Radix and their pharmacological activities / 中草药

Vladimiriae Radix is a Tibetan medicine with national characteristics, which contains compounds such as sesquiterpene, lignin, and volatile oil. Pharmacological studies indicated that the sesquiterpenes in Vladimiriae Radix had good activity in the digestive diseases, liver and gallbladder pain, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic. This review mainly integrated domestic and foreign researches, and summarized the advances in the chemical constituents and the pharmacological activities of Vladimiriae Radix systematically. It provides references and scientific basis for pharmacological study and utilization of Vladimiriae Radix.

Study on the types and clinical value of virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori from different digestive diseases patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value and pathogenic mechanism of virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori from different sources of digestive diseases patients.Methods From January 2015 to July 2016,628 cases of gastric biopsy samples were collected from gastroscopy room of People′s Hospital of Wuwei City,through separating and culturing of Helicobacter pylori,detecting of viral virulence genes,to explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and chronic atrophic gastritis CAG),chronic superficial gastritis(CSG),peptic ulcer(PUD).Results Among the 628 gastric biopsy specimens,214 cases of Helicobacter pylori were successfully isolated,and 172 strains were serected to extracting DNA,which contained various virulence genes of cagA,vacA,dupA,iceA,oipA and luxS.VacA s1m1 was a risk factor for CSG,VacA s1m2 and iceA1+/iceA2+ increased the incidence of PUD,DupA + increased the risk of duodenal ulcer.Conclusion Different digestive diseases and Hp infection were related closely,dupA was considered as Hp induced duodenal ulcer marker gene,vacA s1m2 and iceA1+/iceA2+ increased the risk of PUD.

Application of flow cytometry technologies in digestive diseases management / 中华检验医学杂志

Digestive diseases, are various types of frequently encounted clinical disorders .at present, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of digestive diseases , in addition to laboratory tests (biochemistry, immunology, cytology and bacterial genetics , etc.), to a large extent still rely on imaging studies.Flow cytometry is a function of the level of single cells or other biological particles for quantitative analysis and sorting means of detection , which can be tens of thousands of high -speed analysis of cells and can simultaneously from a cell a plurality of measured parameters , high speed, high precision, accuracy, etc., become the most advanced cellular quantitative analysis techniques .In recent years, flow cytometry is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer , liver cirrhosis, Crohn′s disease, ulcerative colitis and other digestive diseases.

Evaluation on the websites of the best clinical department of digestive diseases in China / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective In this study, the best domestic digestive departments' websites are evaluated, adopting the meth-od of cross-sectional descriptive research, to evaluate the quality of such sites, and describe their characteristics. Methods Using a pre-defined evaluation standard, two well-trained evaluators independently explore and analyze 10 websites of domestic best departments of digestive diseases. Selection of departments is based on a domestic au-thoritative released rank of the best departments which has high credibility. Results These sites perform well in the content, perform in function and design, but perform not well in management & maintenance. Conclusion As the public use the websites of professional websites more and more to obtain information and services, domestic best di-gestive departments should better their sites' quality to meet the growing demands of consumers.

Evaluation of nutritional risk in inpatients with digestive diseases / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective Using Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS 2002),to assess the nutritional risk of inpatients with digestive diseases and evaluate its clinical significance.Methods The information of 274 patients med the inclusion criteria were collected in our department from August to October 2011.Nutrition status was assessed according to NRS 2002 by trained nurses.Results The prevalence of nutritional risk was 22.99 ％ (63/274).The rate of nutritional risk of the elderly inpatients (≥ 65y) with digestive diseases was significant higher the younger ones (＜ 65y)(32.95％ vs 18.28％,P ＜ 0.05).74.6％ inpatients with nutritional risk and 52.13％ with no risks were given enteral or parenteral nutritional support during the hospitalized period.Conclusion There was higher nutritional risk rate in inpatients with digestive diseases,especially the elderly ones.For deferent patients,the nutritional support should be on the basis of patient' s nutritional state.

Protective role of lipoxins in digestive diseases / 中国病理生理杂志

Lipoxins, metabolites of arachidonic acid , are a strong“braking signal” towards inflammatory reac-tion.Due to their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties , lipoxins have emerged to be the central targets in the re-search on inflammation .The present article reviews the research advances of synthesis , biological effects and the protective role of lipoxins in the diseases of liver , pancreas , stomach and colorectum , thus providing a novel approach for the treat-ment of digestive diseases .

Study on the diagnosis of common diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract by the instant gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the instant gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent in the digestive diseases. Methods Five hundred and seventy-nine patients received the examination of the color Doppler after they drinked the ultrasonic contrast agent. Then the results were analyzed by consistency analysis. Results There was high consistency between the two examinations in the normal control, gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric leiomyoma. The Kappa value was 0.768, 0.913, 0.925, 0.939 and 1.000, respectively. But the consistency in the gastric polyp was low , the Kappa value was 0.368. Conclusion The color Doppler through the instant gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent has high diagnostic value in the common diseases of the digestive system.

Application of concept of value-based medicine in the teaching of digestive diseases / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Value-based medicine is a new medical model which develops on the basis of evidence-based medicine and perfectly combines the skills and experiences of doctors with patients and hospitals’ value. According to the definition and connotation of the value-based medicine,this paper introduced its preliminary application at different stages(theoretical teaching,internship and practice) of digestive disease courses by teaching theory courses and letting students involved in the management of different individuals of the same disease. Meanwhile,this paper discussed on its effects.

Primer consenso colombiano sobre la práctica de endoscopia digestiva "Acuerdo en lo fundamental" (Primera parte: Aspectos formativos) / First colombian consensus on digestive endoscopy

Propósito del trabajo: La práctica de la endoscopia digestiva en Colombia sufrió una modificación cuando la resolución 1043 de 2006 autorizó que especialistas de cirugía general, medicina interna o pediatría pudieran ejercerla si acreditaban entrenamiento de un año en endoscopia otorgado por una institución de educación superior. Esto, junto al desarrollo de relaciones de la endoscopia con diferentes especialidades, generó un escenario desordenado (y para muchos injusto y desigual) donde los requisitos formativos se volvieron diferenciados. En una realidad de tensiones e intereses variados entre especialistas, asociaciones científicas, sistema de salud y prestadores de servicios, se propició este consenso para que, desde acuerdos sobre lo fundamental, se permita hacer recomendaciones sobre unas características formativas unificadas que proporcionen prácticas endoscópicas dirigidas a la calidad, eje central del beneficio para los pacientes. Material y métodos: El consenso es un estudio de investigación social, descriptivo, transversal, de enfoque mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo), basado en el método Delphy. La información se obtuvo durante el evento "Acuerdo en lo fundamental", citado el 23 de junio de 2012 por la presidencia de la Asociación Colombiana de Endoscopia Digestiva (ACED). Los datos cualitativos se tomaron de las discusiones en 4 mesas redondas en las que los 34 participantes abordaron las 25 preguntas de la encuesta; los cuantitativos, de la votación final, individual, privada y electrónica de la encuesta, definiendo que el 75% o más, constituían consenso. Para el análisis cualitativo, se empleó análisis de discurso orientado desde cinco variables relacionadas con aspectos formativos. Para el cuantitativo, se usó estadística descriptiva básica centrada en porcentajes.

Purpose of the work. The practice of endoscopy in Colombia was modified when Resolution 1043 of 2006 authorized specialists in general surgery, internal medicine and pediatrics to perform endoscopy after completing one year of training in endoscopy at an institution of higher education. This, together with the development of relationships with different specialties within endoscopy, generated a disordered scenario which many considered to be unjust and unequal. Training requirements became differentiated. A world of tensions and interests among specialists, scientists, health care providers and service providers led to this consensus. Starting with fundamental agreements, it makes recommendations for unification of educational features that will allow endoscopic practices which aim for quality and whose central axis is the best interest of our patients. Materials and Methods. This consensus is a descriptive, cross-sectional social research study with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) based on the Delphy method. The information in this study was obtained from the event titled "Acuerdo en lo fundamental" (agreement on fundamental issues) organized on June 23, 2012 by the president of the Colombian Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACED). Qualitative data were taken from four roundtables discussions in which 34 participants discussed 25 survey questions. The quantitative data were taken from final voting and from an individual, private electronic survey. 75% or greater agreement was defined as consensus. Qualitative analysis employed discourse analysis oriented around five variables related to formative aspects. Basic descriptive statistics centered around percentages were used for quantitative analysis.