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Aims: To detect the adulterant in edible oil rapidly.Study Design:Authenticity and adulteration detection in edible oils are the increasing challenges for researchers, consumers, industries and regulatory agencies. Traditional approaches may not be the most effective option to combat against adulteration in edible oils as that’s are complex, laborious, expensive, require a high degree of technical knowledge when interpreting data and produce hazardous chemical. Consequently, a cost effective, rapid and reliable method is required.Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted jointly in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and the Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dhaka. Methods:In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for adulteration detection in sunflower and rice bran oil. Sunflower oil was adulterated with soybean oil in the range of 10-50% (v/v) and rice bran oil was adulterated with palm oil inthe range of 4-40% (v/v) at approximately 10% and 5% increments respectively. FTIR spectra were recorded in the wavenumber range of 4000-650cm-1.Results:FTIR spectra data in the whole spectral range and reduced spectral range were used to develop a partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the level of adulteration in sunflower and palm oils. Good prediction model was obtained for all PLSR models with a coefficient of determination (R2) of >= 0.985 and root mean square errors of calibration(RMSEC) in the range of 0-1.7325%.Conclusion:The result suggested that FTIR spectroscopy associated with multivariate analysis has the great potential for a rapid and non-destructive detection of adulteration in edible oils laborious conventional analytical techniques.
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An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) method was developed for the direct analysis of triglycerides in edible oils.The edible oil sample was dissolved in acetonitrile.Under the optimal conditions such as positive ion detection,800 μL/h of sample flow rate,250℃ of vaporizer temperature and 5000 nA of corona needle current,the repeatability (RSD) of peak intensity rate of m/z 857.76 to m/z 881.76 was less than 5％.Then,different kinds of oil from different manufacturers were analyzed by the proposed method.After a principal component analysis for the analytical results,the peak intensity rate of m/z 857.76 and m/z 881.76 was selected for oil identification.The adulteration of 5％ lard in corn oil could be recognized directly using the peak intensity rate.Three characteristic triglycerides in edible oil were preliminarily identified by collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments.The method was applied to analyze the swill oil and fried oil samples,and the results showed that the swill oil contained both vegetable oil and animal fat,and the fried oil was also different with commercial vegetable oil.
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Objective To observe the curative effect of continuous gastrointestinal decompression after gastric lavage with edible oil on saving patients with oral aluminum phosphide poisoning.Methods Seventy-eight patients with oral aluminum phosphide admitted to the Department of Internal Emergency of the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from October 2009 to October 2016 were divided into a mild poisoning group (39 cases), a moderate poisoning group (26 cases) and a severe poisoning group (13 cases) according to clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations, all the patients were treated with continuous gastrointestinal decompression after early gastric lavage with edible oil, including scavenging toxicant, correcting intracellular oxygen intake and metabolic disturbance, and inhibiting and eliminating inflammatory mediators. The difference of remission times of clinical symptoms, recovery times of abnormal indexes and hospitalization times were compared among patients with different disease severities. Results With the aggravation of disease, the remission times of clinical symptoms (hours: from mild to severe were 24±12, 54±18, 84±12), recovery times of abnormal indexes (hours: from mild to severe were 18±6, 72±0, 108±12) and hospitalization times (hours: from mild to severe 48±24, 120±24, 144±24) were all gradually extended. Of the 13 patients with severe poisoning, 2 patients died of multiple organ functional failure (MOF) after 28 hours of treatment because they were incapable of cooperating with continuous gastrointestinal decompression. There were 76 patients were clinically cured, the cure rate being 97.4%. In the follow-ups at 1 month and 6 months after the treatment, no abnormalities were seen.Conclusion Continuous gastrointestinal decompression after early gastric lavage with edible oil for saving patients with oral aluminum phosphide poisoning is an effective therapy worthwhile to be popularized.
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A new method for the rapid determination of total phthalates (PAEs) in edible oils was developed. The PAEs in edible oils all were hydrolyzed to phthalic acid with tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as catalyst. Then phthalic acid was extracted by the supramolecular solvent ( SUPRAS) made up of octanol, tetrahydrofuran and aqueous solution, and detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS / MS). As a result, hydrolysis time was 10 min. The linear range of phthalic acid was 0. 05- 2. 0 mg / L with a good correlation coefficients ( r > 0. 999). The limits of detection ( LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 5. 41 and 18. 05 μg / kg, respectively. The recoveries of target analyte at three spiked levels were in the range of 84. 6% - 104. 5% . The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was 2. 6% for intra-day and 3. 7% for inter-day. The total PAEs content of 12 edible oils was found in the range of 0. 30-1. 09 mg / kg.
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A reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed for the separation and analysis of triglycerides in edible oils. The samples were separated by using three ultra performance C18 columns in series with a total length of 40 cm (10 cm + 15 cm + 15 cm) at high pressure with acetonitrile-isopropanol (50:50, V/V) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 2 mL/min and at col-umn temperature of 25℃, and detected by APCI ionization-mass spectrometry. The edible oil sample was dis-solved in isopropanol and injected in LC-MS directly. The triglycerides in edible oils were distinguished to their better fine components which included corn oil, peanut oil, sunflower seed oil, rice oil, olive oil, sesa-me oil and soybean oil. The chromatograms of different edible oils showed that the same kind of edible oil was composed of similar triglyceride composition and content, while the different kind of edible oils differed. The experimental result showed that the method could be use for identifying 5% lard adulterated in soybean oil. The method suggests a significant research way for identifying adulteration in edible oil.
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A novel method was developed for the determination of the 15+1 European priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oil by online solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/ fluorescence detection ( online-SPE-HPLC-UV/FL-D ) . The edible oil samples were diluted with isopropyl alcohol, and then filtered. The online extraction was performed on a solid phase extraction ChromSpher Pi column (80 mmí3 mm) and the separation was carried out on a C18 reversed-phase PAH column (250 mmí4. 6 mm i. d, 5μm) using ultraviolet detection at 220 nm and fluorescence detection. Isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile and water were served as mobile phase in gradient elution. The results showed good linearity for the 15+1 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with all the correlation coefficients (R2)>0. 99. The limits of detection ( LODs ) were between 0. 03 and 12. 23 μg/kg. The recoveries of the sixteen components in the three levels of spiked samples were in the range of 65 . 3%-110 . 5% with the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6) from 0. 1% to 9. 8%.
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Objective To learn the consumption of edible oil among residents in Tongxiang City. Methods 180 households were randomly sampled from 6 resident committees. The consumption of edible oil was obtained by questionnaire investigation,and the levels of edible oil consumption between different oil types,survey spots and districts were compared. Results The per-capita of edible oil consumption was(42. 89 ± 5. 83)g. There was significant difference among the per-capita of six survey spots( p<0. 05 ). Among all the residents,rapeseed oil( 55. 00%)and blended oil( 55. 00%) were the most consumed edible oil. Except lard oil,there was no significant difference among different types of edible oils (p>0. 05). In rural area,the per-capita of oil was(48. 46 ± 8. 90)g,which was higher than(35. 78 ± 4. 27)g in city (p<0. 05). Conclusion The consumption level of edible oil among residents is high in Tongxiang City. It's necessary to strengthen the health education and to guide residents intaking edible oil correctly.
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Silica dioxide bound graphene oxide ( GO-SiO2 ) was applied as an effective adsorbent for determination and quantiflcation of aflatoxin B1 , B2 in edible oil by HPLC. The optimized conditions were GO-SiO2 0. 15 g, extraction time 20 min, elution reagent acetonitrile, elution cycles two times. Results showed under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of aflatoxin B1 , B2 were 0. 17 and 0. 05 μg/L, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the detection of the actual edible oil, the spiked recoveries of aflatoxin B1 and B2 were 81. 4%-105. 3% and the relative standard deviations were 1. 3%-8. 6%.
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The effects of 4 kinds of edible oils on serum lipid levels, morphological changes of cardiovascular tissues, fatty acid compositions of various tissues and platelet function in rats had been observed. 40 adult Wistar rats fed semi-synthetic diet containing edible oil to supply 41% energy were divided into 5 group, i. e. control group (18.7% energy from fat), soy bean oil group, peanut oil group, lard group and rape seed oil group. The animals were fed the diets and water ad libitum for 2 months. The results showed that the lard gave the most serious detrimental effect but the soy bean oil was the least. The difference between these two groups was significant. The platelet number was 223?109/L and aggregation rate was 21.8% of the soy bean oil group but. the lard group 149?109/L and 30.2%. The composition (%) of PUFA in tissues was higher and that of saturated fatty acid was tower in soy bean ou group than those in lard group.Electron microscopical studies showed that the animals with vascular endothelial cells changes were more and the pathological changes were more serious in the lard group than those in the soy bean group.All groups except rape seed oil group increased weights in the experi-mental period at the similar rate. Rape seed oil group gained very little weights and aggregated more C22:1 especially in myocardium.
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Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin A (VA)-fortified edible oil on improving the immune function of children. Method: The marginally VA-deficient children were selected as volunteers in four cities of China. Nutritional intervention was conducted in the children with edible oil fortified with VA 7500?g/kg for five months. The VA level, the contents of IgA,IgG,IgM and complement C3 in sera of the volunteers were detected at the end of intervention. Results: The levels of VA, IgA,and C3 in sera of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group, but no differences of IgG and IgM were observed. Conclusion:The VA status and immune function of the AD children could be effectively improved with vitamin A-fortified edible oil.