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The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) is a metabolic pathway responsible for the generation of bioluminescence derived from fungi. This pathway utilizes caffeic acid as the substrate, generating a high-energy intermediate, and the decomposition of which yields green fluorescence with a wavelength of approximately 520 nm. The FBP is evolutionally conserved in luminescent fungal groups. Unlike other bioluminescent systems, the FBP is particularly suitable for engineering applications in eukaryotic organisms, especially in plants. Currently, metabolically engineered luminescent plants are able to emit visible light to illuminate its surroundings, which can be visualized clearly in the dark. The fungal bioluminescent system could be explored in various applications in molecular biology, biosensors and glowing ornamental plants, and even green lighting along city streets.
Subject(s)
Luminescence , Light , Fluorescence , Eukaryota , Green LightABSTRACT
@#The identification of suitable seed cells represents a critical scientific problem to be solved in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue regeneration. The application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in tissue and organ repair and regeneration has been studied extensively. In recent years, dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells have also shown broad application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. DFAT cells express stem cell-related markers and have the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, nerve cells, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, DFAT cells also have the advantages of minimally invasive acquisition, strong proliferation and high homogeneity. Currently, all studies involving the application of DFAT cells in scaffold-based and scaffold-free bone tissue engineering can confirm their effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration. However, cytological research still faces some challenges, including relatively low cell culture purity, unclear phenotypic characteristics and undefined dedifferentiation mechanisms. It is believed that with the continuous development and improvement of isolation, culture, identification and directional induction of osteogenic differentiation methods, DFAT cells are expected to become excellent seed cells in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering in the future.
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Bone defect has always been a major clinical challenge because of its great difficulty and long period of treatment. Drynariae Rhizoma is a commonly used medicine in osteology and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine， and its active ingredients（mainly flavonoids） facilitate osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， osteoclast proliferation， vascular-osteogenic coupling， and inhibit osteoclast activity to promote bone mineralization， and repair and reconstruction of bone defect. As a good substitute for bone regeneration drugs， the active constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma can be loaded on scaffold materials of tissue engineering， which greatly improves the bioavailability of the drug. Meanwhile， the sustained-release microspheres also solve some problems such as sudden drug release from the scaffolds， and the composite scaffolds with active ingredient of Drynariae Rhizoma prepared by them have good ossification activity and osteoinduction， with precise bone repair effects， which meet the diverse performance requirements of bone grafts and have a promising clinical application prospect.
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Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a class of anticholinergic drugs widely used in clinical practice and mainly extracted from plant, among which Atopa belladonna is the main commercial drug source. It is of great industrial value to obtain TAs in large quantities by plant metabolic engineering. In TAs pathway, cytochrome oxidase CYP82M3 catalyze the synthesis of tropinone and then tropinone reductase I (TRI) compete with TRII for tropinone to form tropine leading to the TAs synthesis (drainage). In this study, based on the "increasing flow and drainage" metabolic engineering strategy, two genes, namely HnCYP82M3 and DsTRI from Hyoscyamus niger and Datura stramonium, respectively, were overexpressed in the hair roots of A. belladonna, with a view to promote the TAs accumulation. The HnCYP82M3 gene was cloned from the root of H. niger, and it encoded amino acid with 91.7% sequence identity with AbCYP82M3 from A. belladonna. Overexpression of HnCYP82M3 alone did not affect the content of TAs in hair roots of A. belladonna, indicating that CYP82M3 was not a key enzyme in TAs biosynthesis. Simultaneous overexpression of HnCYP82M3 and DsTRI greatly promoted the accumulation of the three TAs, and the contents of hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine were 4.97 times, 2.83 times and 2.19 times that of the control, respectively, and the increase amplitude was greater than that of single overexpression of DsTRI. This study showed that the "increasing flow and drainage" strategy of enzyme genes co-expression at branch points was a promising metabolic engineering method to effectively improve the biosynthesis of TAs in A. belladonna, and laid a theoretical and technical foundation for the large-scale industrial acquisition of TAs.
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Objective@#To investigate the osteogenic properties of a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) / bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) composite hydrogel applied to the skull defect area of rats and to provide an experimental basis for the development of bone regeneration biomaterials.@*Methods@#This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University. A novel photocurable composite biohydrogel was developed by constructing photoinitiators [lthium phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate, LAP], GelMA, and BMSCs. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the gel were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The compressive strength of the gel was evaluated using an electronic universal testing machine. After in vitro culture for 1, 2, and 5 days, the proliferation of the BMSCs in the hydrogels was assessed using a CCK-8 assay, and their survival and morphology were examined through confocal microscopy. A 5 mm critical bone deficiency model was generated in a rat skull. The group receiving composite hydrogel treatment was referred to as the GelMA/BMSCs group, whereas the untreated group served as the control group. At the 4th and 8th weeks, micro-CT scans were taken to measure the bone defect area and new bone index, while at the 8th week, skull samples from the defect area were subjected to H&E staining, van Gieson staining, and Goldner staining to evaluate the quality of bone regeneration and new bone formation.@*Results@#SEM observed that the solidified GelMA showed a 3D spongy gel network with uniform morphology, the porosity of GelMA was 73.41% and the pore size of GelMA was (28.75 ± 7.13) μm. EDX results showed that C and O were evenly distributed in the network macroporous structure of hydrogel. The hydrogel compression strength was 152 kPa. On the 5th day of GelMA/BMSCs culture, the cellular morphology transitioned from oval to spindle shaped under microscopic observation, accompanied by a significant increase in cell proliferation (159.4%, as determined by the CCK-8 assay). At 4 weeks after surgery, a 3D reconstructed micro-CT image revealed a minimal reduction in bone defect size within the control group and abundant new bone formation in the GelMA/BMSCs group. At 8 weeks after surgery, no significant changes were observed in the control group's bone defect area, with only limited evidence of new bone growth; however, substantial healing of skull defects was evident in the GelMA/BMSCs group. Quantitative analysis at both the 4- and 8-week examinations indicated significant improvements in the new bone volume (BV), new bone volume/total bone volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS), and bone surface/total bone volume (BS/TV) in the GelMA/BMSCs group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). Histological staining showed continuous and dense formation of bone tissue within the defects in the GelMA/BMSCs group and only sporadic formation of new bone, primarily consisting of fibrous connective tissue, at the defect edge in the control group.@*Conclusion@#Photocuring hydrogel-based stem cell therapy exhibits favorable biosafety profiles and has potential for clinical application by inducing new bone formation and promoting maturation within rat skull defects.
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Aim To express and purify recombinant hCGH-CTP fusion protein in high-density suspension culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-S), and to verify the lipid accumulation effect of rhCGH-CTP on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Methods The recombinant protein expression vector (pcDNA3. 1-rhCGH-CTP) was constructed, achieved by fusing the human glycoprotein hormone beta 5/alpha 2 cDNA with CTP Linker. The expression plasmid was transiently transfected into the suspended CHO-S to express rhCGH-CTP protein and then purified, and the protein biological activity was verified. Intervention with 3T3-L1 mature adipocyte cells for 24 h was performed to detect the changes of intracellular triglyceride (TG) level. Results Western blot results showed that rhCGH-CTP protein was successfully expressed in CHO-S cells, and the yield was up to 715. 4 mg • L~ . The secreted protein was purified by AKTA pure system with higher purity that was up to 90% as identified by SDS-PAGE. In addition, the intracellular cAMP content of mature adipocytes with high expression of TSHR gene significantly increased after intervention with different concentrations of rhCGH-CTP protein by ELISA kit, indicating that rhCGH-CTP protein had biological activity. Oil red 0 staining showed that compared with the control group, the lipid content of mature adipocytes in the intervention groups with different concentrations of rhCGH-CTP protein significantly decreased (P < 0. 05) . Conclusions The rhCGH-CTP protein has been successfully expressed and purified with biological activity, and effectively reduce TG. This research provides an important theoretical basis for further revealing the physiological role of CGH protein and its potential application in clinical practice.
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Objective@#To evaluate the bone repair effect of 3D-printed magnesium (Mg)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in a rat skull defect model.@*Methods@#PCL scaffolds mixed with Mg microparticles were prepared by using 3D printing technology, as were pure PCL scaffolds. The surface morphologies of the two scaffolds were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface elemental composition was analyzed via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The physical properties of the scaffolds were characterized through contact angle measurements and an electronic universal testing machine. This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. A critical size defect model was established in the skull of 15 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were divided into the PCL group, PCL-Mg group, and untreated group, with 5 rats in each group. Micro-CT scanning was performed to detect and analyze skull defect healing at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, and samples from the skull defect area and major organs of the rats were obtained for histological staining at 8 weeks after surgery.@*Results@#The scaffolds had a pore size of (480 ± 25) μm, a fiber diameter of (300 ± 25) μm, and a porosity of approximately 66%. The PCL-Mg scaffolds contained 1.0 At% Mg, indicating successful incorporation of Mg microparticles. The contact angle of the PCL-Mg scaffolds was 68.97° ± 1.39°, indicating improved wettability compared to that of pure PCL scaffolds. Additionally, compared with that of pure PCL scaffolds, the compressive modulus of the PCL-Mg scaffolds was (57.37 ± 8.33) MPa, demonstrating enhanced strength. The PCL-Mg group exhibited the best bone formation behavior in the skull defect area compared with the control group and PCL group at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Moreover, quantitative parameters, such as bone volume (BV), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS), bone surface/total volume (BS/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and bone mineral density (BMD), of skull defects were better than those in the other groups, indicating the best bone regeneration effect. H&E, Goldner, and VG staining revealed more mineralized new bone formation in the PCL-Mg group than in the other groups, and H&E staining of the major organs revealed good biosafety of the material.@*Conclusion@#PCL-Mg scaffolds can promote the repair of bone defects and have clinical potential as a new scaffold material for the repair of maxillofacial bone defects.
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Corneal stroma is a significant part of the cornea and plays a significant role in the eye's refractive system. Although corneal transplantation is now the most effective treatment for corneal stromal disease, its advancement has been constrained by a shortage of donors, the need for prolonged immunosuppressive medicine to prevent rejection, and low graft survival rates. An alternate strategy is to use the corneal stroma's natural capacity for regeneration to create the ideal conditions for the collagenous extracellular matrix of the stroma to self-renew. However, it is challenging to replicate the intricate ultrastructure of the corneal stroma in vitro. Regenerative medicine has so been used to address these issues. These approaches refer to numerous disciplines, including stem cell-induced differentiation, tissue engineering and gene editing. This article provides potential directions for the future clinical applications of corneal stromal regeneration and repair while summarizing pertinent techniques, research progress, and issues.
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Calcium-based biomaterials have been intensively studied in the field of drug delivery owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Calcium-based materials can also deliver contrast agents, which can enhance real-time imaging and exert a Ca2+-interfering therapeutic effect. Based on these characteristics, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a brunch of calcium-based biomaterials, has the potential to become a widely used biomaterial. Highly functional ACC can be either discovered in natural organisms or obtained by chemical synthesis However, the standalone presence of ACC is unstable in vivo. Additives are required to be used as stabilizers or core-shell structures formed by permeable layers or lipids with modified molecules constructed to maintain the stability of ACC until the ACC carrier reaches its destination. ACC has high chemical instability and can produce biocompatible products when exposed to an acidic condition in vivo, such as Ca2+ with an immune-regulating ability and CO2 with an imaging-enhancing ability. Owing to these characteristics, ACC has been studied for self-sacrificing templates of carrier construction, targeted delivery of oncology drugs, immunomodulation, tumor imaging, tissue engineering, and calcium supplementation. Emphasis in this paper has been placed on the origin, structural features, and multiple applications of ACC. Meanwhile, ACC faces many challenges in clinical translation, and long-term basic research is required to overcome these challenges. We hope that this study will contribute to future innovative research on ACC.
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O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar os efeitos psicossociais que as áreas de tecnologia e inovação ganharam na atualidade bem como seus impactos na formação profissional. Para tanto, a pesquisa conta com um breve resgate histórico no qual apresentamos como os elementos da inovação tecnológica produzem efeitos locais e históricos que se tornam norteadores da vida urbana contemporânea. A parte empírica apresenta um estudo qualitativo descritivo que conta com depoimentos de cinco docentes engenheiros que atuam em uma universidade pública federal localizada no interior do estado do Paraná. Os resultados demonstram que essa área é conectada às prescrições voltadas ao desempenho laboral e ao enaltecimento do uso da tecnologia no cotidiano. Com isso, ela fica distante de uma análise crítica sobre os efeitos psicossociais trazidos por tais aplicações, especialmente no que se refere à colocação profissional. Como conclusão parcial, destaca-se que as práticas voltadas para a tecnologia e a inovação atendem a demandas populacionais, empresariais e governamentais de diferentes tipos, reafirmando sua importância para a organização social. Ao mesmo tempo, tornou-se evidente o quanto a área carece de uma análise crítica acerca de suas ações na esfera da inclusão e exclusão sociais.
El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar los efectos psicosociales que las áreas de tecnología e innovación ganaron en la actualidad, así como sus impactos en la formación profesional. Para tanto, la investigación cuenta con un breve rescate histórico en el cual presentamos como los elementos de la innovación tecnológica producen efectos locales e históricos que se vuelvan orientadores de la vida urbana contemporánea. La parte empírica presenta un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que cuenta con testimonios de cinco docentes ingenieros que actúan en una universidad pública federal localizada en el interior del estado de Paraná. Los resultados apuntan que esa área es conectada a las prescripciones volcadas al desempeño laboral y al reconocimiento del uso de la tecnología en el cotidiano. Con eso, ella se queda distante de un análisis crítico sobre los efectos psicosociales traídos por tales aplicaciones, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la colocación profesional. Como conclusión parcial, se pone de relieve que las prácticas volcadas a la tecnología y la innovación atenden a las demandas de populaciones, empresariales y gubernamentales de distintos tipos, reafirmando su importancia para a organización social. A la vez, se volvió evidente lo cuanto el área necesita de un análisis crítico acerca de sus acciones en la esfera de la inclusión y exclusión sociales.
This study aims to analyze the psychosocial effects gained by technology and innovation areas nowadays, as well as their impacts on professional education. To this end, this research includes a brief historical overview in which we present how elements of technological innovation produce local and historical effects that guide contemporary urban life. The empirical section presents a descriptive qualitative study that includes statements from five engineering professors who work at a public university located in the interior of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The results indicate that engineering is connected to prescriptions focused on work performance and the endorsement of technology use in daily life. Thus, it remains distant from a critical analysis of the psychosocial effects brought about by technological innovations, particularly concerning job placement. As a partial conclusion, we highlight that practices related to technology and innovation meet the demands of different types of populations, companies, and governments, reinforcing their relevance for social organization. At the same time, it is evident that the area lacks a critical analysis regarding its actions in the sphere of social inclusion and exclusion.
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Technology , Creativity , Engineering , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the progress of the roles and mechanisms of various types of stem cell-based treatments and their combination therapies in both animal studies and clinical trials of lymphedema.@*METHODS@#The literature on stem cell-based treatments for lymphedema in recent years at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the animal studies and clinical trials on different types of stem cells for lymphedema were summarized.@*RESULTS@#Various types of stem cells have shown certain effects in animal studies and clinical trials on the treatment of lymphedema, mainly through local differentiation into lymphoid endothelial cells and paracrine cytokines with different functions. Current research focuses on two cell types, adipose derived stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages, mainly reflected in the therapeutic effect of stem cells, the difficulty of obtaining stem cells and the content in vivo. In addition, stem cells can also play a synergistic role in combination with other treatments, such as conservative treatment, surgical intervention, cytokines, biological scaffolds, and so on. However, it is still limited to the basic research stage, and only a small number of studies have completed clinical trials.@*CONCLUSION@#Stem cells have great transformation potential in the treatment of lymphedema, but there is no unified standard in the selection of cell types, the amount of transplanted cells, and the timing of transplantation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Endothelial Cells , Lymphedema/therapy , Stem Cell Transplantation , CytokinesABSTRACT
El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar la rentabilidad contable y el valor económico agregado de la constructora colombiana de otras obras de ingeniería civil en el período 2016-2021, mediante un método de análisis estático y de tendencias de indicadores contables y de gestión de valor Se encuentra que las ventas, activos y utilidad neta de la constructora fluctúan; logra rentabilidades sobre el patrimonio en cuatro años y en promedio, donde sobresale la eficacia en el control de costos y gastos como factor determinante en su comportamiento. No obstante, esta rentabilidad es menor que la constructora de mayores ventas en Colombia y aún más baja que la de su homóloga en países emergentes. Pese a las rentabilidades contables positivas de la constructora colombiana de otras obras de ingeniería civil, esta destruye valor económico agregado en cinco años y el valor de mercado agregado en el sexenio es negativo. Este resultado difiere al de la constructora afín en economías emergentes que crea valor económico agregado en cuatro años y el valor de mercado agregado es positivo en el sexenio. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL G30, L74, M4I
The objective of the research is to evaluate the accounting profitability and added economic value of the Colombian construction company of other civil engineering works in the period 2016-2021, through a method of static analysis and trends of accounting indicators and value management. The construction company's sales, assets, and net income are found to fluctuate; It achieves returns on equity in four years and on average, where efficiency in cost and expense control stands out as a determining factor in its behavior However this profitability is lower than that of the construction company with the highest sales in Colombia and even lower than that of its counterpart in emerging countries. Despite the positive accounting returns of the Colombian construction company of other civil engineering works, it destroys added economic value in five years and the added market value in the six years is negative. This result differs from that of the similar construction company in emerging economies, which creates added economic value in four years and the added market value is positive in six years. JEL CLASSIFICATION G30, L74, M4I
O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a rentabilidade contabilística e o valor econômico agregado da construtora colombiana de outras obras de engenharia civil no período 2016-2021, através de um método de análise estática e tendências de indicadores contábeis e gestão de valor. As vendas, os ativos e o lucro líquido da construtora flutuam; Obtém rentabilidade sobre o patrimônio em quatro anos e em média, onde a eficiencia no controle de custos e despesas se destaca como fator determinante em seu comportamento. No entanto, essa rentabilidade é inferior à da construtora com maior faturamento na Colômbia e ainda inferior à de sua congênere nos países emergentes. Apesar dos retornos contábeis positivos da construtora colombiana de outras obras de engenharia civil, ela destrói valor econômico agregado em cinco anos e o valor agregado de mercado em seis anos é negativo. Esse resultado difere do da construtora similar nas economias emergentes, que cria valor econômico agregado em quatro anos e o valor agregado de mercado é positivo em seis anos. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL G30, L74, M41
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La tecnología CAD/CAM es una forma innovadora relacionada con la implementación de técnicas digitales para mejorar las restauraciones prostéticas en un paciente, entre ellas, las destinadas a la estética dental. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de describir la utilidad de la tecnología CAD/CAM en la fabricación de prótesis dentales. Para ello se realizó una revisión de la literatura médica disponible en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, Scopus y SciELO, mediante fórmulas de búsqueda avanzada; se seleccionaron artículos en idioma español e inglés. En la actualidad, con esta tecnología se ha logrado combinar estética, resistencia y precisión en la restauración directa, además de garantizarse una mayor duración y años de funcionalidad para cada una de las prótesis, coronas e implantes. La calidad de vida y satisfacción referidas por los pacientes portadores de piezas producidas con esta tecnología, es superior a las manifestadas por aquellos tratados con piezas de fabricación tradicional. El uso de técnicas de inteligencia artificial y biomateriales representará un cambio cualitativo y cuantitativo en el uso de los sistemas CAD/CAM.
CAD/CAM technology is an innovative way related to the implementation of digital techniques to improve prosthetic restorations in a patient, including those intended for dental aesthetics. The objective of this study is to describe the usefulness of CAD/CAM technology in the dental prostheses manufacture. A review of the medical literature available in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus and SciELO databases was carried out, using advanced search formulas; Articles in Spanish and English were selected. Currently, with this technology it has been possible to combine aesthetics, resistance and precision in direct restoration, in addition to guaranteeing greater duration and years of functionality for each of the prostheses, crowns and implants. The quality of life and satisfaction reported by patients wearing parts produced with this technology is higher than those reported by those treated with traditionally manufactured parts. The use of artificial intelligence and biomaterials techniques will represent a qualitative and quantitative change in the use of CAD/CAM systems.
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RE S U M E N Este texto presenta una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos, tipo scoping review, sobre educación matemática en programas de ingeniería, en los entornos colombiano y norteamericano, durante el periodo 2000 - 2020. La exploración, surgida del proyecto de investigación "Fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de la enseñanza de la matemática en ingeniería", siguió los protocolos del Instituto Joanna Briggs y consideró literatura especializada incluida en Scopus y Publindex. La información, clasificada como "experiencia pedagógica", "reflexión" o "revisión", permitió describir tendencias de investigación y acción respecto a la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, el currículo y la evaluación de las matemáticas en ingeniería. Los resultados permitieron concluir que en el contexto norteamericano existe un interés significativo por la investigación sobre el aprendizaje, el currículo y la evaluación de las matemáticas en ingeniería, desde enfoques sistêmicos, interdisciplinarios y socioculturales. En contraste, la literatura sobre el tema en Colombia presenta una tendencia al estudio de procesos de enseñanza, desde perspectivas disciplinares y cognitivas de la educación matemática.
This paper presents a systematic review of scientific articles, scoping review type, on mathematics education in engineering programs, in the Colombian and North American environments, during the period 2000 - 2020. The exploration, which arose from the research project "Theoretical and methodological foundations of mathematics education in engineering", followed the protocols of the Joanna Briggs Institute and considered specialized literature included in Scopus and Publindex. The information, classified as "pedagogical experience", "reflection" or "review", allowed describing research and action trends regarding teaching, learning, curriculum and assessment of engineering mathematics. The results allowed concluding that in the North American context there is a significant interest in research on learning, curriculum and assessment of engineering mathematics, from systemic, interdisciplinary and sociocultural approaches. In contrast, the literature on the subject in Colombia presents a tendency to study teaching processes from disciplinary and cognitive perspectives of mathematics education.
Este texto apresenta uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos, tipo revisão de escopo, sobre educação matemática em programas de engenharia, nos ambientes colombiano e norte-americano, durante o período de 2000 a 2020. A exploração, decorrente do projeto de pesquisa "Fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos da educação matemática em engenharia", seguiu os protocolos do Instituto Joanna Briggs e considerou literatura especializada incluída no Scopus e no Publindex. As informações, classificadas como "experiência pedagógica", "reflexão" ou "revisão", permitiram descrever as tendências de pesquisa e ação em relação ao ensino, aprendizagem, currículo e avaliação da matemática de engenharia. Os resultados levaram à conclusão de que no contexto norte-americano há um interesse significativo na pesquisa sobre aprendizagem, currículo e avaliação de matemática de engenharia a partir de abordagens sistêmicas, interdisciplinares e socioculturais. Em contraste, a literatura sobre o assunto na Colômbia mostra uma tendência a estudar os processos de ensino a partir de perspectivas disciplinares e cognitivas da educação matemática.
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Aunque los cogollos de la palma de iraca pueden ser empleados como fuente para la alimentación humana, la mayoría de la información disponible es para la producción de artesanías. Se evaluó la respuesta a la impregnación al vacío (IV) de cogollos frescos de palma de iraca (CFPI), con una solución isotónica de NaCl (0,6 %). Se utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta, con un diseño central compuesto ((=1), considerando las siguientes variables independientes: el diámetro de los cogollos (10-15 mm), el tiempo en la etapa de vacío T1 (3-5 minutos) a presión de vacío (4.1 kPa) y el tiempo en la etapa a presión atmosférica local (85,32 kPa), T2 (3-5 min). Las variables dependientes que se tomaron en cuenta fueron fracción volumétrica de impregnación en la etapa de vacío (X1), deformación volumétrica final (g), fracción volumétrica final (X) y porosidad eficaz (Ee). La dinámica de la IV del CFPI identificó que el proceso comporta una expansión volumétrica en la matriz, la cual, finalmente, contribuye a la transferencia de masa del líquido isotónico al interior de la estructura. La microestructura porosa del CFPI es compatible con el proceso de IV, permitiendo los siguientes parámetros de impregnación: g1 (0,451%), X1 (11,457%), g (2,569%), X (17,386%) y Ee (17,036%). La respuesta a la IV en los CFPI identifica a esta matriz alimentaria como adecuada, para la incorporación de componentes fisiológicamente activos.
Although the buds of the iraca palm could be employed as a source of human food, most of the information available is to produce handicrafts. The response to vacuum impregnation (VI) was evaluated in fresh iraca palm buds (FIPB) with an isotonic NaCl solution (0.6 %). The response surface methodology was obtained, with a central compound design (a= 1), considering the following independent variables: The diameter of the buds (10-15 mm), the time in the vacuum stage T1 (3-5 minutes) at vacuum pressure (4.1 kPa) and the time in the stage at local atmospheric pressure (85.32 kPa), T2 (3-5 min). The dependent variables considered were the volumetric fraction of impregnation in the vacuum stage (X1), the final volumetric deformation (g), the final volumetric fraction (X), and the effective porosity (Ee). FIPB VI dynamics identified that the process involves a volumetric expansion in the matrix, which ultimately contributes to the mass transfer of the isotonic liquid into the structure. The porous microstructure of the FIPB is compatible with the VI process, allowing the following impregnation parameters: g1 (0.451 %), X1 (11.457 %), g (2.569 %), X (17.386%), and Ee (17.036 %). The response to VI in FIPB identifies this food matrix as suitable for the incorporation of physiologically active components.
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Abstract Introduction Acquired tracheomalacia (ATM) is characterized by a loss of structural strength of the tracheal framework, resulting in airway collapse during breathing. Near half of the patients undergoing prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation will suffer tracheal lesions. Treatment for ATM includes external splinting with rib grafts, prosthetic materials, and tracheal resection. Failure in the use of prosthetic materials has made reconsidering natural origin scaffolds and tissue engineering as a suitable alternative. Objective To restore adequate airway patency in an ovine model with surgicallyinduced ATM employing a tissue-engineered extraluminal tracheal splint (TE-ETS). Methods In the present prospective pilot study, tracheal rings were partially resected to induce airway collapse in 16 Suffolk sheep (Ovis aries). The TE-ETS was developed with autologous mesenchymal-derived chondrocytes and allogenic decellularized tracheal segments and was implanted above debilitated tracheal rings. The animals were followed-up at 8, 12, and 16 weeks and at 1-year postinsertion. Flexible tracheoscopies were performed at each stage. After sacrifice, a histopathological study of the trachea and the splint were performed. Results The TE-ETS prevented airway collapse for 16 weeks and up to 1-year postinsertion. Tracheoscopies revealed a noncollapsing airway during inspiration. Histopathological analyses showed the organization of mesenchymal-derived chondrocytes in lacunae, the proliferation of blood vessels, and recovery of epithelial tissue subjacent to the splint. Splints without autologous cells did not prevent airway collapse. Conclusion It is possible to treat acquired tracheomalacia with TE-ETS without further surgical removal since it undergoes physiological degradation. The present study supports the development of tissue-engineered tracheal substitutes for airway disease.
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Several social and environmental factors such as industrialization, deforestation, erosion of toxic pollutants have played dominant role in the increase rate of the global warming. This notion has affected the various segments of the planet. Sectors such as Fishery, Firming, and Agroforestry and Forest management sectors have been facing deleterious realities because of the greenhouse emission from the last few decades. In recent times, scientist has become apprehensive about the fact of reducing the negative effects caused by the global warming. Moreover, several studies have circulated various strategies to mitigate the risk factors of greenhouse effects to protect the future of the planate.
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@#Currently, in precision cardiac surgery, there are still some pressing issues that need to be addressed. For example, cardiopulmonary bypass remains a critical factor in precise surgical treatment, and many core aspects still rely on the experience and subjective judgment of cardiopulmonary bypass specialists and surgeons, lacking precise data feedback. With the increasing elderly population and rising surgical complexity, precise feedback during cardiopulmonary bypass becomes crucial for improving surgical success rates and facilitating high-complexity procedures. Overcoming these key challenges requires not only a solid medical background but also close collaboration among multiple interdisciplinary fields. Establishing a multidisciplinary team encompassing professionals from the medical, information, software, and related industries can provide high-quality solutions to these challenges. This article shows several patents from a collaborative medical and electronic information team, illustrating how to identify unresolved technical issues and find corresponding solutions in the field of precision cardiac surgery while sharing experiences in applying for invention patents.
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@#Subunit vaccines are developed from the immunologically active fragments of pathogens and do not have genetic materials,which have been the center of research attention,guiding the direction of the development for new generations of vaccines.Given their safety advantages and high immunological activities,subunit vaccines play important roles in prevention of the spread of pathogenic viruses.This paper mainly introduces the research progress and applications of the subunit vaccines in common viral diseases,aiming to establish a theoretical basis for the development of the subunit vaccines on new viral diseases.
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Currently three dimensional bio-printing technology has become one of the hot topics for tissue engineering tracheal grafting.Different biomaterials have their own performance advantages in the preparation and regeneration of tracheal scaffolds.It is particularly imperative to seek natural or polymeric materials with excellent profiles of printability, structural stability and biocompatibility to enable neo-cartilage formation, neo-epithelialization and neo-vascularization of tissue engineering trachea grafting.This review summarized the shortcomings and challenges of classifying and applying materials for three dimensional bio-printing tissue engineering trachea, aiming to provide new rationales for researches and applications of tissue engineering tracheal grafting.