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Objective@#To assess the clinical efficacy of the saw palmetto fruit extract (SPFE) in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with type ⅢA prostatitis.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study included 54 cases of type ⅢA prostatitis treated in the Outpatient Department of our hospital from January to December 2015. The patients were aged 35.06 ± 5.85 years, with a mean disease course of 3.8 ± 2.1 years, and all received oral medication of SPFE Capsules at the dose of 320 mg qd for 12 weeks. We assessed the therapeutic effects by comparing the NIH-chronic prostatitis symptom indexes (NIH-CPSI), voiding diary, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), and results of urodynamic examination before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the baseline, both NIH-CPSI and IPSS were significantly decreased after medication (27.61 ± 3.76 vs 18.6 ± 5.34, P <0.01; 20.44 ± 4.51 vs 10.96±4.62, P <0.01), and urodynamic examination and voiding diary showed dramatic post-medication improvement in the average urinary flow rate (［8.05±1.42］ vs ［12.05±2.60］ ml/s, P <0.01 ), maximum urinary flow rate (［14.22±1.74］ vs ［21.32±4.51］ ml/s, P <0.01), residual urine volume (［46.15±16.57］ vs ［14.55±10.21］ ml, P <0.01), maximum urethral closure pressure (［76.52±3.53］ vs ［65.32±4.75］ cm H2O, P <0.01), mean urinary volume (［124.63±40.55］ vs ［285.93±58.68］ ml, P <0.01), urination frequency (16.96±4.17 vs 8.96±2.50, P <0.01), and nocturia frequency (8.94±3.23 vs 3.15±1.90, P <0.01). No apparent adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SPFE Capsules can safely and effectively improve LUTS and thus the quality of life of patients with type ⅢA prostatitis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Chronic Disease , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms , Drug Therapy , Plant Extracts , Therapeutic Uses , Prostatitis , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Urination , Urological Agents , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the potential of both jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and fruit extracts against hyperglycemia. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to evaluate hypoglycemic potential of jamun extracts. Purposely, jamun fruit and seed's ethanolic extracts based diets were provided to normal and high sucrose diet induced hyperglycemic/diabetic rats for sixty days. The serum glucose and insulin levels were monitored at monthly intervals to evaluate hypoglycemic effect of jamun extracts. Results The results of instant research depicted that both seed and fruit extracts reduce the blood glucose level significantly and also regulate the insulin levels in hyperglycemic rats. It was noted that jamun fruit extract attenuated serum glucose levels to 5.35% and 12.29% in normal and hyperglycemic rats, respectively; while insulin levels were improved by 2.82% and 6.19%, correspondingly. Whereas, jamun seed extract reduced glucose to 7.04% & 14.36% and showed 3.56% & 7.24% higher insulin levels in normal & hyperglycemic rats, respectively. Conclusions The present research revealed that both jamun fruit and seeds have potent prophylactic role against hyperglycemia. In this respect, diet based regimen may be tailored using jamun fruit/seed and their extracts to alleviate hyperglycemia.
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Objective: To evaluate the potential of both jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and fruit extracts against hyperglycemia. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to evaluate hypoglycemic potential of jamun extracts. Purposely, jamun fruit and seed's ethanolic extracts based diets were provided to normal and high sucrose diet induced hyperglycemic/diabetic rats for sixty days. The serum glucose and insulin levels were monitored at monthly intervals to evaluate hypoglycemic effect of jamun extracts. Results: The results of instant research depicted that both seed and fruit extracts reduce the blood glucose level significantly and also regulate the insulin levels in hyperglycemic rats. It was noted that jamun fruit extract attenuated serum glucose levels to 5.35％and 12.29％ in normal and hyperglycemic rats, respectively; while insulin levels were improved by 2.82％ and 6.19％, correspondingly. Whereas, jamun seed extract reduced glucose to 7.04％&14.36％and showed 3.56％&7.24％higher insulin levels in normal&hyperglycemic rats, respectively. Conclusions: The present research revealed that both jamun fruit and seeds have potent prophylactic role against hyperglycemia. In this respect, diet based regimen may be tailored using jamun fruit/seed and their extracts to alleviate hyperglycemia.
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Early blight of tomato incited by Alternaria solani is an economically significant disease especially in commercial tomato cultivation under greenhouse and field conditions. Since, A. solani is a shy sporulator, the present investigation was taken to assess the optimum in vitro conditons for growth and sporulation of early blight pathogen. Ten A. solani isolates obtained from diseased leaf samples collected different crop growing areas of India were used in the present study. The effect of different incubation periods, fluorescent light, cold-water treatment and media were evaluated. Our results revealed maximum sporulation of A. solani on tomato fruit extract agar medium (TFEA) under continuous light for 7 days at 250C, followed by cold-water treatment and further incubated in darkness at 200C for 48 h. The sporulation of test pathogen was however sparse on V-8 juice agar. Further, the A. solani isolates on V-8 juice agar did not respond to the treatments imposed. Among the isolates, JAS (Jhajjar) isolate, that is more versatile in its ability to produce spores recorded irregular margin with abundant aerial mycelium.
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Hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycemic activity of oil palm Elaeis guineensis fruit extract on normal and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. The oil palm fruit extract (OPF) were administered orally at different concentrations (100, 200 and 500 mg kg-1 b.w.) in fasting and post-prandial rats. Hypoglycaemia was not observed in the group of normal rats treated with OPF. In fasting rats, OPF (500 mg kg-1 b.w.) has caused the blood glucose level (BGL) to reduce significantly. For post-prandial diabetic rats, the antihyperglycemic activity was observed after OPF treatment at concentrations 200 and 500 mg kg-1. Chronic OPF treatments (for 28 days) had increased the diabetic rat’s body weight and reduced BGL as well as improved plasma insulin secretion. The result of this study suggests E. guineensis palm fruit extract show evidence of antihyperglycemic properties from the reduction of the BGL in diabetic rats.
Subject(s)
Hypoglycemic AgentsABSTRACT
Aims: Raphia gentiliana De Wild fruit is edible. The aim of this work is to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of this fruit for its use as medicinal food. Study Design: Phytochemical analysis; extraction by lyophilzation process; measure of blood glucose level; calculation of glycemic load and index. Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Biomedical research (DR Congo), between October 2011 and June 2012. Methodology: The study was performed in vivo (mice and humans). A Dose of 0.2g/Kg of Raphia gentiliana fruit extracts was administered to fasting (18 hours) hyperglycemic induced NMRI mice by oral application. The kinetics profile of the blood sugar level of the hyperglycemic induced mice was evaluated using a glucometer after one to two hours of administration. For humans, the Raphia gentiliana fruit was taken by 45 consenting individuals. Glycemia was measured by spectrophometry and the triangle surface area ratio’s method was used to calculate the glycemic and load index. Results: The results about the anti-hyperglycemic activity in NMRI’s mice showed a significant decrease in blood sugar level. After oral application of aqueous Raphia gentiliana fruit extracts, the decrease of 27% and 56% were observed after respectively one and two hours. For human subjects, observed values of glycemic index and load were -3.1% and -1.36% respectively. These negative glycemic index and glycemic load values are excepted standard. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that Raphia gentiliana fruits have an antihyperglycemic activity and justify the use of this plant in Congolese traditional medicine.
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The antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of different blackberry fruit genotypes from the major Brazilian producer region (three cultivars and four selections) were evaluated and compared to the Cherokee cultivar. Phenolic and anthocyanic extracts were obtained and evaluated for each fruit genotype. The phenolic extracts of selections 02/96 and 07/001 presented higher antioxidant activity than those of cultivars in most assays. This activity was partially correlated to the higher amount of total phenolics in these samples. Thus, the phenolic compounds are probably the major responsible for the antioxidant activity in the diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Quercetin seems to be responsible for the antioxidant activity of blackberry phenolic extracts in the ß-carotene bleaching assay. Concerning anthocyanic extracts, the selection 02/96 and Cherokee cultivar from harvest 2007 had higher antioxidant activity than the other genotypes in most assays. Anthocyanins appear to be the major responsible for the antioxidant activity of anthocyanic extracts in the DPPH and FRAP assays, although ascorbic acid also contributed to the DPPH antioxidant activity. Selection 02/96 appears to have higher antioxidant activity than the commercial cultivars cultivated in the southern Brazil and appears to be promising for nutritional and health purposes.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid , Polyphenols , Rubus , Anthocyanins , Antioxidants , FruitABSTRACT
Tyrosinase is one of the most important enzymes in melanin biosynthesis. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity will cause a decrease in melanin production. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity by ascorbic acid has been studied before. Based on reported experiments, ascorbic acid can inhibit tyrosinase activity in enzymatic reaction competitively. As an effort to find out a skin whitening agent which is effective, safe and have minimum adverse effect, the inhibitory activities of Psidium guajava extract was studied on tyrosinase activity. This is one of the fruits that contains high amount of ascorbic acid. To determine the efficacy of tyrosinase inhibition, L-tyrosine was used as the substrate, P. guajava ex-tract as inhibitor and ascorbic acid as positive control that was measured by spectrophotometry. The optimization of method was also performed. The inhibitory kinetics was determined by measuring the absorbance of dopachrome as the end product of the tyrosinase reaction. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of the ty-rosinase were determined by Lineweaver-Burk’s plots. The Km and Vmax without the fruit extract were 0.315mM and 0.0265μmol/min. The Km value with the fruit extract of 1%, 2% & 3% w/v were 0.4824, 0.698 & 0.543mM, while the Vmax value were 0.0269, 0.0283 & 0.0255 μmol/min, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk’s plots in presence of P. guajava fruit extract showed that the extract inhibited tyrosinase competitively. From the plots, the IC50 of the fruit extract was determined as 0.26mM; the control in 0.26mM concentration inhibited 56.523%. Finally, P. guajava fruit extract showed higher effect than ascorbic acid on Tyrosinase activity.
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Tyrosinase is one of the most important enzymes in melanin biosynthesis. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity will cause a decrease in melanin production. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity by ascorbic acid has been studied before. Based on reported experiments, ascorbic acid can inhibit tyrosinase activity in enzymatic reaction competitively. As an effort to find out a skin whitening agent which is effective, safe and have minimum adverse effect, the inhibitory activities of Psidium guajava extract was studied on tyrosinase activity. This is one of the fruits that contains high amount of ascorbic acid. To determine the efficacy of tyrosinase inhibition, L-tyrosine was used as the substrate, P. guajava ex-tract as inhibitor and ascorbic acid as positive control that was measured by spectrophotometry. The optimization of method was also performed. The inhibitory kinetics was determined by measuring the absorbance of dopachrome as the end product of the tyrosinase reaction. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of the ty-rosinase were determined by Lineweaver-Burk’s plots. The Km and Vmax without the fruit extract were 0.315mM and 0.0265μmol/min. The Km value with the fruit extract of 1%, 2% & 3% w/v were 0.4824, 0.698 & 0.543mM, while the Vmax value were 0.0269, 0.0283 & 0.0255 μmol/min, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk’s plots in presence of P. guajava fruit extract showed that the extract inhibited tyrosinase competitively. From the plots, the IC50 of the fruit extract was determined as 0.26mM; the control in 0.26mM concentration inhibited 56.523%. Finally, P. guajava fruit extract showed higher effect than ascorbic acid on Tyrosinase activity.
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Background & objectives: Aqueous and organic solvent extracts of plants/plant parts were effective in killing the mosquito larvae. Comparative efficacy of the aqueous and hexane extracts of dried fruit of Solanum nigrum was tested against five laboratory colonized strains of mosquito species, namely Anopheles culicifacies species A, An. culicifacies species C, An. stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti to assess the possibility for use of these extracts for their control. Methods: Concentrations of aqueous extract of dried fruit in the range of 62.5 to 2000 ppm and hexane extract of dried fruit in the range of 0.781 to 150 ppm were used in bioassays. The mortality data were subjected to log probit regression analysis to detertmine the median lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the respective species. Results: All the five species registered 100 per cent mortality in larval bioassays at 1000 ppm with aqueous extract and at 100 ppm with hexane extract of dried fruit. In bioassays with aqueous extract An. culicifacies species A registered the lowest LC50 of 208.5 ppm (range-208.5-359 ppm for different mosquito species) while with hexane extract, An. stephensi registered the lowest LC50 of 6.25 ppm (6.25- 17.63 ppm for different mosquito species). The LC50 of aqueous extract was 13-39 fold higher than the values of hexane extract of dried fruit for different species. The calculated LC90 for hexane extract of dried fruit for different species was in the range of 43.38-95.28 ppm. Interpretation & conclusion: Hexane extract showed good mosquito larvicidal efficacy than that of the aqueous extract. The calculated LC 90 for the extract for different species was below 100 ppm and could be effective for comprehensive control of disease vectors.
Subject(s)
Animals , Culicidae/drug effects , Fruit/chemistry , Hexanes/chemistry , Insecticides/chemistry , Insecticides/pharmacology , Larva/drug effects , Mosquito Control/methods , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Solanum nigrum/anatomy & histology , Solanum nigrum/chemistry , Solvents/chemistry , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of ethanol extract from Java Brucea Fruit on platelet-derived growth factor receptor ?(PDGFR?) mediated cell migration and to obtain the valuable messages on the characteristics of its active ingredient.Methods PAE cells was transfected with the vector expressing human PDGFR? with Transfectom 2000;After screening by G418 resisitance,RT-PCR was used to monitor the expression of PDGFR? in the cells;Wound healing of the cells was used to examine the lowest consistency of PDGFBB and inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Java Brucea Fruit on cell migration after restoring 24 h.Results Human PDGFR? was stably expressed in PAE cells transfected with the expressing vector.The lowest consistency of exogenous PDGFBB which promoted PDGFR? mediated cell migration was 10 ?g?L-1.70% ethanol extract of Java Brucea Fruit which strongly inhibited PDGFR? mediated cell migration was dose-dependent(P10 ?g?L-1) mainly caused the death of the cell.Conclusion Ethanol extract of Java Brucea Fruit has a strongly inhibitory effect on the PDGFR? mediated cell migration which could play a major role in its effects against metastasis of malignant tumor,the active ingredients of it could be more dissolvable in the 70% ethanol.