12. Invitation for the journey to the world of togetherness / 医学教育

This article is an account of a trans individual to share with the audience that transgender people are not a myth but ordinary humans living in Japan. I illustrated the real emotions and challenges a transgender person faces in a society that lacks sufficient understanding and support, including adequate legal and healthcare systems. I also want to tell readers what "coming out" and "transitions" mean to those who have had to hide their sexuality from a very young age, even from their parents.　Our society has been changing. However, there is still a number of enormous barriers in healthcare for someone who underwent gender-affirming therapy and finally started to live as their true self. I sincerely hope medical educators training future health professionals will recognize the hardships to improve the situations.

Ovarian Tissue Culture to Preserve Fertility in Transgender Male Patients after Hormonal Treatment / Cultura de tecido ovariano para preservação da fertilidade em pacientes transexuais masculinos após tratamento hormonal

Abstract Objective To evaluate the reproductive and histological characteristics of fresh cultured ovarian tissue from transgender male patients. Methods An in vitro pilot study in which samples were collected during sex reassignment surgery for transgender male patients. The ovarian cortex was cut into fragments of 2 mm, 3mm, and 4 mm, and placed in a 96-well plate suitable for cultivation at days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, when the histology was analyzed. Results Stromal hyperplasia was observed in all samples, and it was not associated with the obtainment of primordial or primary follicles. Peripheral reduction in cell count was also a recurrent finding. Primordial and primary follicles were identified with a heterogeneous pattern in fragments from the same patient and from different patients, and follicles in more advanced stages of development (secondary and antral) were not found. There was an association between the diameter of the ovarian fragments and the identification of primary follicles (p=0.036). The number of days in culture was associated with histological signs of tissue damaging in the fragments (p=0.002). The total number of follicles identified in the samples with 2mm in diameter was significantly lower than in those that measured 4mm in diameter (p=0.031). Conclusion A diameter of 4mm is suitable for ovarian tissue culture with the benefit of ease of handling. Even after prolonged exposure to testosterone, the ovarian fragments presented primordial and primary follicles, maintaining viability throughout the days they were exposed to the culture. Freezing the ovarian cortex of transgender patients who will undergo surgery for gender reassignment would be an interesting option, in the future, for the preservation of fertility.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as características reprodutivas e histológicas de tecido ovariano cultivado a fresco de pacientes transexuais masculinos. Métodos Estudo experimental in vitro e piloto, no qual amostras foram coletadas durante a cirurgia de redesignação de sexo para pacientes transexuais masculinos. O córtex ovariano foi cortado em fragmentos de 2mm, 3mm, e 4mm, e colocado em placa de 96 poços própria para cultivo nos dias 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8, quando a histologia foi analisada. Resultados Hiperplasia estromal foi observada em todas as amostras, e não esteve associada à obtenção de folículos primordiais ou primários. A redução periférica no número de células também foi um achado recorrente. Folículos primordiais e primários foramidentificados com padrão heterogêneo emfragmentos domesmo paciente e em fragmentos de pacientes diferentes, não sendo encontrados folículos em estágios mais avançados de desenvolvimento (secundários e antrais). Houve associação entre o diâmetro dos fragmentos ovarianos e a identificação dos folículos primários (p=0,036). O número de dias de cultura esteve associado a sinais histológicos de lesão tecidual nos fragmentos (p=0,002). O número total de folículos identificados nas amostras de 2mm de diâmetro foi significativamente menor do que nas de 4mm de diâmetro (p=0,031). Conclusão O diâmetro de 4mm parece ser mais adequado para a cultura de tecido ovariano com a vantagem de fácil manejo. Mesmo após exposição prolongada à testosterona, os fragmentos ovarianos apresentavam folículos primordiais e primários, e manteve a viabilidade ao longo dos dias de exposição à cultura. No futuro, o congelamento da cortical do ovário de pacientes transgêneros que se submeterão à cirurgia de redesignação sexual poderia ser uma opção interessante para a preservação da fertilidade.

Mastectomía subcutánea con reconstrucción inmediata del complejo areolomamilar en transexuales masculinos / Subcutaneous mastectomyy, with immediate reconstruction of the areolo-mamilar complex in male transexuals

Resumen Objetivo: Se presenta experiencia realizada en Servicio de Salud Talcahuano, de masculinización mamaria en el proceso de reasignación sexual, de transexuales masculinos. En Chile se estima que habrían 754 mujeres transexuales. Materiales y Método: Estudio de 47 individuos, intervenidos en Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano, entre 2006 y 2019, sometidos a masculinización mamaria mediante mastectomía subcutánea y reconstrucción del complejo areolomamilar. Resultados: Se intervinieron pacientes de todo el país; 59% corresponde a octava región; 42,5% operados entre los años 2017 y 2018. Un 36% rango de edad de 18 a 22 años. Un 68% IMC entre 24 y 30. Según el tamaño de las mamas, 57% copa B, 31% C, 12% D y 12% de gigantomastía. Un 29%, peso promedio de la mastectomía fue de 600 g; un 29% de 300 gramos y en 9% más de 800 g por lado. En 68% se utilizó abordaje submamario e injerto de piel total del complejo aréola pezón (CAP); otras tecnicas fueron periareolar, incisión en T y liposucción. La complicación más frecuente fue la colección. Biopsia normal en un 100%. Discusión: Experiencia pionera en Chile, realizada en un Hospital Público, en el difícil proceso de reasignación de género, en la población transexual de Chile. Individuos muy estigmatizados de parte de la comunidad, que encontraron en el Servicio de Salud de Talcahuano, una mano amiga, que les extendió su apoyo desinteresado y calificado, logrando excelentes resultados finales.

Aim: Describe the experience in Talcahuano Helath Service, of mammary masculinization in the sexual reassignment process, of male transsexuals. In Chile it is estimated that there will be 754 transsexual women. Materials and Method: Study of 47 individuals, operated at Las Higueras Hospital in Talcahuano, between 2006 and 2019, subjected to breast masculinization by subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction of the areolomamilar complex. Results: Patients from all over the country were operated; 59% corresponds to the Bio-Bio province; 42.5% operated between 2017 and 2018. A 36% range of ages from 18 to 22 years. 68% BMI between 24 and 30. According to the size of the breasts, 57% B cup, 31% C, 12% D and 12% gigantomasty. At 29%, the average weight of the mastectomy was 600 grams; 29% of 300 grams and 9% more than 800 grams per side. In 68%, the submammary approach and total skin graft of the CAP were used; Other techniques were periareolar, incision in T and liposuction. The most frequent complication was the collection. 100% normal biopsy. Discussion: Pioneering experience in Chile, carried out in a public hospital, in the difficult process of gender reassignment, in the transsexual population of Chile. Individuals very stigmatized by the community, who found in the Health Service of Talcahuano, a helping hand, which extended their selfless and qualified support, achieving excellent final results.

Quality of life after gender reassignment surgery in transwomen

Background: Gender dysphoria is a condition in which there is discrepancy between a person's gender identity and that person's sex assigned at birth. Gender reassignment surgery (GRS) has an important role in alleviating the distress caused by gender dysphoria and it is medically necessary. The literature on quality of life (QoL) of transgenders post-GRS is limited in India.Methods: This is a prospective study on transgender women who volunteered to undergo male to female (MtF) GRS from March 2015 to August 2017. The demographic details and the surgical complications were registered. The Quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was measured both before and a year after the surgery. The data were compared and presented.Results: A total of 62 GRS were performed during the study period. In that, 43 patients are literate (69.35%) and only 31.93% are employed in a socially respectable position. Our study shows significant improvement in physical, psychological and social health domains after the Surgery. Highest improvement was observed in the psychological health domain. There were no major complications observed in our study group.Conclusions: The surgical management improved the QOL in the first three domains of WHOQOL-BREF instrument namely physical health, psychological health and social relationship. Among these three domains, there is a significant improvement in psychological health. Hence, GRS has an important role in relieving the psychological distress caused by gender dysphoria and significantly improves the quality of life postoperatively.

Citologia oncótica cervicovaginal na população lésbica e transgêneros / Cervicovaginal oncotic cytology in the lesbian and transgender population

O câncer de colo uterino causa a morte de milhares de mulheres no mundo. Entre essas mulheres, há grupos como o de lésbicas e transgêneros que têm dificuldade no rastreio devido à discriminação e ao desconhecimento. As lésbicas e transgêneros masculinos que não fizeram histerectomia total devem se manter no rastreio da mesma forma que as mulheres cisgêneros. Transgêneros femininos devem ser seguidas, porém ainda não há protocolos definidos.(AU)

Cervical cancer causes the death of thousands of women worldwide. Among these women, there are groups, like lesbians and transgenders that present difficulty in screening due to discrimination and lack of knowledge. The lesbians and transgenders men who didn´t have total hysterectomy, must keeping in screening the same way as cisgenders. Transgender woman must be followed, but there aren't definitive guidelines.(AU)

La maternidad de un padre o... la paternidad de una madre? Transexualidad, reproducción asistida y bioética / A father's motherhood... or a mother's fatherhood? Transgender, assisted reproduction and bioethics

La presencia de un hombre transexual embarazado en los medios de comunicación ha hecho repensar al acceso de personas transexuales a la reproducción asistida. La discusión bioética en torno a un caso así debe centrarse en el mejor interés para el menor. Este trabajo inicia con la historia de un hombre transexual legalmente casado con una mujer en el estado de Oregon, Estados Unidos; continúa con un breve repaso de la transexualidad y las características específicas de este caso, con consideraciones especiales en torno a la fertilidad de las personas transexuales. Posteriormente se hacen algunas reflexiones sobre la maternidad y la paternidad, para sugerir algunas consideraciones bioéticas en este novedoso caso.

The presence of a transsexual pregnant male in the mass media has made people reassess if transsexuals should have access to assisted reproduction. The bioethical discussion should focus on the future child best interests. This article describes the story of this transsexual man, legally married to a woman in the state of Oregon in the United States. A brief overview of transsexuality and the specific characteristics of this case, with special considerations towards fertility in transsexual people is included. We suggest reflections on what constitutes motherhood and fatherhood and bioethical considerations brought forth by this groundbreaking event.

Psychiatric Analysis about Transsexuals

PURPOSE: Transsexualism is considered to be the extreme end of the spectrum of gender identity disorders characterized by, among other things, a pursuit of sex reassignment surgery(SRS). We evaluated psychologic status, health-related quality of life in female-to-male (FTM), male-to-female(MTF) transgender individuals. METHODS: We used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Moudsley obsessive-compulsive Inventory, SCL-90-R, Short-Form 36-Question Health Survey version 2(SF-36v2). We enrolled 40 transsexual participants. RESULTS: Analysis of quality of life health concepts demonstrated statistically significant(p<0.01) diminished quality of life among the transsexual participants as compared to the Korea male and female population. FTM transgender participants reported more higher hostile, phobic than MTF transgenders. Overall, in all psychologic status examination, Transgender individuals are within normal population boundary. On all category, result is improved post-operatively. CONCLUSION: Transgender participants reported mental status within normal boundary. SRS improved their quality of life and mental stability.