Pituitary suppression before frozen embryo transfer is beneficial for patients suffering from idiopathic repeated implantation failure / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration before in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in infertile women with endometriosis or adenomyosis significantly enhanced the chances of pregnancy in both fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles. We hypothesized that long-term GnRHa treatment might also be beneficial for the idiopathic repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients. In the 21 patients receiving GnRHa and hormone replacement therapy (G-HRT) protocols for frozen embryo transfer, their data were compared with those of the 56 of frozen/fresh cycles they had previously undergone (previous protocols). Comparison showed that the finial results were significantly better with G-HRT protocols than with their previous protocols, with pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and on-going pregnancy rate being 70%, 60%, 40% and 38% respectively with G-HRT protocols, against 17%, 11%, 6.3% and 5% with previous protocols. The results showed that hormonally controlled endometrial preparation with prior GnRHa suppression could be used for patients who had experienced repeated failures of IVF treatment despite having morphologically optimal embryos, and the treatment may help increase the receptivity of the endometrium in these patients.

The effect of aromatase inhibitor letrozole incorporated in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist multiple dose protocol in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether letrozole incorporated in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist multiple dose protocol (MDP) improved controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) results in poor responders who underwent IVF treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 103 consecutive IVF cycles that were performed during either the letrozole/GnRH antagonist MDP cycles (letrozole group, n=46) or the standard GnRH antagonist MDP cycles (control group, n=57) were included in 103 poor responders. COS results and IVF outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Total dose and days of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) administered were significantly fewer in the letrozole group than in the control group. Duration of GnRH antagonist administered was also shorter in the letrozole group. The number of oocytes retrieved was significantly higher in the letrozole group. However, clinical pregnancy rate per cycle initiated, clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer, embryo implantation rate and miscarriage rate were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: The letrozole incorporated in GnRH antagonist MDP may be more effective because it results comparable pregnancy outcomes with shorter duration and smaller dose of rhFSH, when compared with the standard GnRH antagonist MDP.

Expression of kisspeptin in hypothalamus and the relationship between kisspeptin and puberty / 国际儿科学杂志

The priming of puberty is date from the increase of the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Recently,Kisspeptins/ GPR54 signaling were found critical to promote the secretion of GnRH and the onset of puberty. KISSI expresses in special area of hypothalamus and is regulated by sex steroids in the estrous cycle.Kisspeptins transitive steroid feedback signals to GnRH cells, especially the positive feedback signal which causes preovulatory GnRH / LH secretion. Kisspeptins bind KISS1R in the hypothalamic GnRH neurons and evoke the release of GnRH and the onset of puberty.

Association of GnRH1 Polymorphisms with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Korean Female / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic inflammatory arthritis that develops most often in women. Gonadal hormones may account for the sexual dimorphism in the immune response and for the greater incidence of autoimmune disease in females. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), one of the gonadal hormones, plays an important role in immune system modulation. This study examined the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in GnRH on gender differences in the pathophysiology of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The presence of SNPs rs2659590, rs2321248, rs6186, rs6185, and rs2321049 in the human GnRH1 gene was confirmed in Korean RA patients by Taqman(R) SNP genotyping assays. A total of 153 unrelated female, Korean RA patients and 96 female Korean controls participated. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between GnRH1 polymorphisms and RA. However, we found that the rs2659590, rs6185 and rs2321248 polymorphism might be associated with a susceptibility to aberrantly high erythrocyte sedimentation rates in female RA patients. CONCLUSION: Additional studies, with a larger number of patients and in different populations will be required to assess whether GnRH1 polymorphisms and these haplotypes could be used as susceptibility or resistance markers in RA. To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze associations between SNPs of GnRH1 and RA.

Update in the etiology and treatment of sexual precocity / 소아과

The pubertal activation of gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) requires coordinated changes in excitatory or inhibitory amino acids, growth factors, and a group of transcriptional regulators. The age of onset of puberty is progressing to younger age. Factors affecting early puberty include genetic traits, nutrition(body fat) and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. In rapidly progressing central precocious puberty, gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) agonists(GnRHa) appear to increase final height if treated early stage. Further large scaled long-term follow-up study of the effects of GnRHa on final height is needed.

Clinical Analysis of 38 Cases of Pseudoprecocious Puberty / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the causes, clinical feature,diagnoses and prognosis of pseudoprecocious puberty. Methods Thirty-eight cases with pseudoprecocious puberty were diagnosed by the serum LH and FSH of GnRHa stimulation test, pelvic ultrasonography and bone age assessment; they were treated and followed up. Results Peaks of LH were(0.49?0.48) IU/L, peaks of FSH were(0.54?0.78) IU/L, the level of E2 in 26 cases increased (36.11?15.70) ng/L,17-hydroxyprogesterone of 1 case was beyond 266 nmol/L. All cases showed hysterauxesis (3.98?1.18) mL. Cases of wrong contraceptive intake were 29,5 cases of McCune-Albright syndrome,2 cases of ovarian cyst, 1 case of ovarian granular cell tumor,1 case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusions The causes of pseudoprecocious puberty are multifactors. Early diagnosis,therapy,follow-up are very important for prognosis.