ABSTRACT
O objetivo foi verificar os fatores associados à percepção de saúde de idosos nonagenários e centenários cadastrados em quatro Estratégias de Saúde da Família do município de Santa Rosa (RS). Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal com 41 idosos com 90 anos e mais, de ambos os sexos. Foi aplicado um questionário de características sociodemográficas/socioeconômicas e de saúde e também se avaliaram a capacidade funcional e a autopercepção de saúde. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se estatísticas descritivas e o teste de Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (p ≤ 0,05). Os idosos perceberam sua saúde como boa (51,2%) condição que se associou com a renda (p= 0,015) e a escolaridade (p = 0,038). Os resultados apontaram para uma boa autopercepção de saúde dos idosos pesquisados, além de revelar que os quem possuíam renda e escolaridade mais altas tinham melhor percepção do estado de saúde.
The objective was to verify the factors associated with the health perception of nonagenarian and centenary elderly registered in four Family Health Strategies in the city of Santa Rosa (RS). Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 41 elderly people aged ninety years and over of both genders, registered in four Family Health Strategies in Santa Rosa (RS). A questionnaire on socio-demographic / socioeconomic and health characteristics was applied, in addition to the assessment of functional capacity and self-perceived health. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and the chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test (p ≤ 0.05) were used. The elderly perceived their health as good (51.2%) and was associated with income (p = 0.015) and education (p = 0.038). The results point to a good self-perceived health of the elderly surveyed and that those who had higher income and education had a better perception of their health status.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the health self-assessment and related influencing factors in the migrant workers who received of physical examination in Shanghai， so as to provide reference for formulating health service policies for migrant workers. Methods:Taking Shanghai "Intelligent Blue Collar" Health Science Popularization Service Station as the investigation site， 8，100 urban workers were surveyed by questionnaire. The questionnaire includes basic information， health self-assessment， basic medical insurance coverage and satisfaction， subjective well-being and so on. Results:There were significant differences between migrant workers and local workers in health self-assessment， two-week disease prevalence rate， and chronic disease prevalence rate（χ2=32.981，P<0.05；χ2=4.554，P<0.05；χ2=86.695，P<0.05）. The differences between migrant workers and local workers were also significant in the basic medical insurance coverage rate and the level of satisfaction （χ2=221.592，P<0.05；χ2=30.950，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in subjective well-being between these two groups（χ2=8.787，P>0.05）. The health self-assessment of older migrant workers was significantly better than that of new generation migrant workers（β=0.062，P<0.05）， and was significantly worse in female migrant workers than that in male migrant workers（β=-0.120，P<0.05）. The health self-assessment was significantly better in migrant workers with agricultural household registration than that in non-agricultural household registration（β=0.060，P<0.05）. The higher the satisfaction of basic medical insurance，the higher the subjective well-being and the better the health self-assessment（β=0.148，P<0.05；β=0.422，P<0.05）. Conclusion:The health status of migrant workers in Shanghai who received physical examination is better than that of local workers， and the participation rate of basic medical insurance is lower than that of local workers. Age， gender and household registration are the important factors influencing the health self-assessment. Satisfaction with basic medical insurance level and subjective well-being is a significant factor to predict health self-assessment positively . We should further improve the fairness of medical insurance benefits for migrant workers， improve subjective well-being， and ensure the health fairness of the group.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre relato de doenças crônicas com comportamentos de risco e auto-avaliação da saúde, segundo o gênero. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 39.821 participantes com idade >30 anos do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) realizado em 27 capitais brasileiras em 2006. A variável dependente foi construída pelo relato de diagnóstico médico de diabetes, hipertensão e infarto e/ou acidente vascular cerebral. Os indivíduos foram agrupados segundo ausência de doença, uma doença crônica, e mais de uma. A associação dessa variável com comportamento de risco (composto por: fumar, consumir carnes com gordura e leite integral, não realizar atividade física regular no lazer, não consumir frutas e hortaliças regularmente e adicionar sal à refeição pronta), auto-avaliação da saúde, indicadores de saúde e sociodemográficos foi investigada por regressão logística multinomial segundo o sexo, tendo como referência a ausência de doença. RESULTADOS: O relato de uma e mais de uma doença crônica foi maior entre homens e mulheres mais velhos e com menor escolaridade, com IMC>30kg/m², e que faziam dieta. Observou-se relação inversa entre número de comportamentos de risco e relato de duas ou mais doenças (OR=0,64; IC 95 por cento: 0,54;0,76 entre homens) e (OR=0,86; IC 95 por cento: 0,77;0,97 entre mulheres). Homens (OR=33,61; IC 95 por cento: 15,70;71,93) e mulheres (OR=13,02; IC 95 por cento: 6,86;24,73) que auto-avaliaram a saúde como ruim relataram mais doenças crônicas. Não houve interação estatística entre auto-avaliação da saúde e sexo. CONCLUSÕES: Associação inversa entre número de comportamentos de risco e relato de duas ou mais doenças crônicas sugere causalidade reversa e/ou maior sobrevivência dos que se cuidam melhor. Homens parecem perceber sua saúde pior que as mulheres na presença de doença crônica, após ajustamento por fatores de confusão.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between chronic diseases and health risk behaviors and self-perceived health status by gender. METHODS: A total of 39.821 adults (30+ years old) who participated in the system Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL - Telephone-Based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases) carried out in 27 Brazilian capitals in 2006 were included in the study. The dependent variable was medical diagnosis reporting of diabetes, hypertension and myocardial infarct or stroke. Respondents were grouped into three categories: no disease; one chronic disease; and two or more. The associations between the dependent variable and sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors (smoking, consumption of fatty meat and whole milk, leisure-time physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable intake and intake of added salt) and self-perceived health status were assessed in men and women using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Chronic disease reporting was higher among older men and women with lower schooling, BMI>30kg/m² and who were on a diet. There was an inverse association between number of risk behaviors and two or more chronic diseases (OR: 0.64; 95 percent CI: 0.54;0.76 among men and OR: 0.86; 95 percent CI: 0.77;0.97 among women). Those men (OR: 33.61; 95 percent CI: 15.70;71.93) and women (OR: 13.02; 95 percent CI: 6.86;24.73) who self-perceived their health as poor reported more chronic diseases. There was no statistical interaction between self-perceived health status and gender. CONCLUSIONS: An inverse association between number of risk behaviors and reporting of two or more chronic diseases suggests a reverse causality and/or higher survival rates among those who take better care of themselves. Men seem to have poorer perception of their health status compared to women, after adjustment for confounders.