Genetic Diversity Analysis and Molecular ID Card Construction of Pinellia ternata Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Pinellia ternata germplasm resources and provide the basis for germplasm identification， variety breeding， and resource conservation. MethodIn this study， 27 P. ternata were used as experimental materials to determine seven phenotypic characters， such as plant height， leaf length， and leaf width. Simple sequence repeats （SSR） primers were designed based on P. ternata transcriptome data， and polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification was performed on 27 P. ternata samples. The genetic diversity of P. ternata germplasm was analyzed by POPGENE32， PowerMarker V3.25， and NTSYS-PC 2.10e software. ResultA total of 10 pairs of highly polymorphic primers （PIC>0.5） and four pairs of moderately polymorphic primers （0.25<PIC<0.5） were selected. The average number of alleles detected was 3.928 6， and the average Nei's diversity index （H） and Shannon's index （I） were 0.557 8 and 1.002 9， respectively， indicating a high level of genetic diversity. Cluster analysis divided the Pinellia ternata into seven categories， and P. ternata in the same province were in the same categories. The SSR molecular ID cards of 27 P. ternata germplasm were constructed with 14 pairs of primers， and the rapid identification of P. ternata in each region was realized. ConclusionThe results of this study can lay a foundation for the genetic diversity and population structure of P. ternata and provide a scientific basis for the identification of P. ternata germplasm resources， map construction， and molecular-assisted breeding.

Prevalence of migraine in patients with fibromyalgia / Prevalência de enxaqueca em pacientes com fibromialgia

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of migraine in patients with fibromyalgia and the impacts of these comorbidities on the daily life of patients. Methods: Questionnaires were applied to fibromyalgia patients. The questionnaires were applied through a Google forms application link and in person, printed. We used FIQ, PHQ-9, and ID migraine. And for patients with a positive ID migraine, we applied the Midas subsequently. Results: Seventy fibromyalgia patients were recruited, age of 47.31 ± 14.5 years. Sixty-five (92.86%) were female and 5 (7.14%) were male. We obtained a prevalence of 60% (n = 42) of migraine associated with fibromyalgia. Among the analyzed variables, severity of depression (p = 0.007), aggregate severity of depression (p = 0.004), and impact of fibromyalgia (p = 0.008) were significantly associated. Among the migraine patients, the vast majority, 34/42 (80.95%), were classified as having severe disability. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of migraine in patients with fibromyalgia that has an associated impact on patients' lives, which makes clinical and psychosocial management of these patients necessary.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de enxaqueca em pacientes com fibromialgia e os impactos dessas comorbidades no cotidiano dos pacientes. Métodos: Questionários foram aplicados a pacientes com fibromialgia. Os questionários foram aplicados por meio de link de aplicativo Google Forms e presencialmente, impressos. Usamos FIQ, PHQ-9 e enxaqueca ID. E para pacientes com enxaqueca ID positiva, aplicamos o Midas posteriormente. Resultados: Foram recrutados 70 pacientes com fibromialgia, idade de 47,31 ± 14,5 anos. Sessenta e cinco (92,86%) eram do sexo feminino e 5 (7,14%) do sexo masculino. Obtivemos uma prevalência de 60% (n = 42) de enxaqueca associada à fibromialgia. Entre as variáveis ​​analisadas, a gravidade da depressão (p = 0,007), a gravidade agregada da depressão (p = 0,004) e o impacto da fibromialgia (p = 0,008) foram significativamente associadas. Entre os pacientes com enxaqueca, a grande maioria, 34/42 (80,95%), foi classificada como portadora de incapacidade grave. Conclusão: Existe uma elevada prevalência de enxaqueca em pacientes com fibromialgia que tem impacto associado na vida dos pacientes, o que torna necessário o manejo clínico e psicossocial destes pacientes.

Development of national secondary reference materials of urea and creatinine in frozen human serum / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To develop a national secondary reference material of Urea and Creatinine in frozen human serum as a standard for metrological traceability.Methods:According to JJF1343-2012 "General and Statistical Principles for Characterization of Reference Materials" and JJF 1006-1994 " Technical Norm of Primary Reference Material ", the homogeneity, stability, and commutability were evaluated;Using the JCTLM recommended methods, the value of the reference materials was assigned through collaboration with 6 accredited reference laboratories from Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics, Maccura Biotechnology, Beijing Leadman Biochemistry, and Zhejiang MedicalSystem Biotechnology. Uncertainty components including inhomogeneity, stability and value assignment were evaluated.Results:The results of one-way analysis of variance of homogeneity for the reference materials showed P>0.05, and the stability evaluation was less than the critical value of the t-test. The measured values were in the 95% confidence interval in the four conventional detection systems for commutability, and the certified values and expanded uncertainties were urea:(14.7±0.3) mmol/L ( k=2),Cr:(313.9±14.5) μmol/L ( k=2). Conclusion:The prepared secondary reference materials of urea and creatinine had promising homogeneity, stability, and commutable, the values of urea and creatinine concentration in reference materials were accurate and reliable.

Confirmation of HBV infection of HBsAg-negative NAT suspicious sample from blood donors / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the HBV infection of initially reactive but discriminatory test non-reactive (NAT suspicious) samples of voluntary blood donors after PANTHER individual nucleic acid testing (ID-NAT) in Tianjin. 【Methods】 From January to August 2021, after routine testing and PANTHER ID-NAT, a total of 66 HBsAg-NAT reactive but discriminatory test non-reactive samples(referred to as NAT suspicious samples) were tested from 69 362 blood samples. Among which, 23 samples were selected by simple random sampling method and enriched by ultra-high speed centrifugation. HBV DNA was detected by supersensitive fluorescence quantification PCR (qPCR)and ID-NAT, and electrochemiluminescence was supplemented for two and half pairs of hepatitis B detection. 【Results】 Among 23 suspicious NAT samples, 14 were confirmed HBV DNA positive by serological and molecular biological tests, and the anti-HBc positive rate of HBV infected individuals was 92.8%. 92.8% (13/14) of the infected individuals were occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI). A total of 10 samples were detected for viral load by qPCR, of which 5 were quantifiable, with viral load of (11~464) IU/mL and a median of 15.4 IU/mL. 【Conclusion】 60% of the NAT suspicious samples were detected as HBV DNA positive. Anti-HBc testing can exclude most OBI undetectable by NAT, and the sensitivity of NAT should be improved to ensure the safety of blood transfusion.

Polymorphism of Gene ACE I/D and Family History of Hypertension as Predisposition of Hypertension

@#Introduction: Hypertension is a polygenic disease that caused 45% of deaths. Various genes have been engaged with the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of these genes affects sodium homeostasis in the kidney, including the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the incidence of hypertension in coastal communities of Kendari City. Methods: The study was conducted using a case-control study design. The case group was hypertensive patients based on medical diagnostic by doctors, while the control group was healthy individuals without any records on hypertension. As many as 70 individuals residing in the coastal area of Kendari City were involved as samples of the study. Both case and control groups consisted of 35 individuals. Data collection techniques were carried out experimentally using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: The prevalence of I allele was found in individuals with a family history of hypertension (72.1%) as compared to the D allele (27.9%). The study also found a significant correlation between the family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism (p-value 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the incidence of hypertension in this population (p-value 0.631). Conclusion: Family history of hypertension was a risk factor for the incidence of hypertension. On the other hand, the polymorphism of ACE I/D gene was a protective factor towards the incidence of hypertension.

Polymorphism of Gene ACE I/D and Family History of Hypertension as the predisposition of Hypertension

@#Introduction: Hypertension is a polygenic disease that caused 45% of deaths. Various genes have been engaged with the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of these genes affects sodium homeostasis in the kidney, including the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the incidence of hypertension in coastal communities of Kendari City. Methods: The study was conducted using a case-control study design. The case group was hypertensive patients based on medical diagnostic by doctors, while the control group was healthy individuals without any records on hypertension. As many as 70 individuals residing in the coastal area of Kendari City were involved as samples of the study. Both case and control groups consisted of 35 individuals. Data collection techniques were carried out experimentally using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: The prevalence of I allele was found in individuals with a family history of hypertension (72.1%) as compared to the D allele (27.9%). The study also found a significant correlation between the family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism (p-value 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the incidence of hypertension in this population (p-value 0.631). Conclusion: Family history of hypertension was a risk factor for the incidence of hypertension. On the other hand, the polymorphism of ACE I/D gene was a protective factor towards the incidence of hypertension.

Gestalt-Terapia e Daniel Stern: dialogando sobre a relevância da corporeidade e da dimensão afetiva na psicoterapia / Gestalt-Therapy and Daniel Stern: dialoguing about the relevance of the corporeity and the affective dimension in psychotherapy / La Terapia Gestalt y Daniel Stern: dialogando sobre la relevancia de la corporeidad y la dimensión afectiva en psicoterapia

Este artigo busca pensar a respeito da importância da dimensão afetiva, corporal e implícita da experiência para a teoria e a prática psicoterápica da Gestalt-Terapia, apostando em um tipo de fazer clínico que tome essa dimensão como central. Parte de uma breve exploração da compreensão de self como processo de contato, dando destaque ao momento do pré-contato e da função id do self como aquela dimensão comum da experiência que partilhamos com o mundo e com o outro; entendendo-a como uma função predominantemente sensória, calcada na corporeidade, se configurando como suporte fundamental para a experiência da diferença e da novidade. A partir disso, realizamos um diálogo com o autor Daniel Stern, passando pelos seus conceitos de afetos de vitalidade e de sintonia afetiva para afirmarmos que nossa comunicação com o outro se estabelece não apenas pela via da fala, pelo pensamento formal, explícito e reflexivo, mas também por uma dimensão afetiva e vital. A partir dessas noções, discutimos o conceito de awareness da Gestalt-Terapia, diferenciando-a da noção de consciência reflexiva e considerando-a um tipo de saber da experiência, corporal e implícito, dado na relação com a alteridade. Concluímos que o trabalho e o diálogo psicoterapêuticos se constituem como uma relação de co-afetação que gera desvios, des-centramentos, e transformações.

This paper discusses the importance of the corporal and implicit dimension of the experience for the theory and practice of Gestalt-Therapy psychotherapy. We believe in a model of clinical practice that leans on this affective dimension. We start with a brief exploration of the notion of self as a process of contact, emphasizing the pre-contact and the id function of the self as the moment of the common dimension of the experience we share with the world and with the other. As we understand it, the id function is predominantly sensory, based on corporeality, being configured as a fundamental support for the experience of the difference and the novelty. From this, we propose a dialogue with Daniel Stern, exploring his concepts of vitality affect and affective attunement to affirm that our communication with the other is established not only by the way of speech, by formal thought, explicit and reflective, but also by an affective and vital dimension. From these notions, we discuss the concept of Gestalt-Therapy's awareness, differentiating it from the notion of reflective consciousness and considering it a kind of "bodily knowledge" and implicit experience, apprehended when relating to otherness. Finally, we conclude that psychotherapeutic work and dialogue constitute a relationship of coaffectation that generates deviations, "dis-centerment", and transformations.

Este artículo discute la importancia de la dimensión corporal e implícita de la experiencia para la teoría y la práctica de la Terapia Gestalt. Creemos en un modelo de práctica clínica que se apoya en esta dimensión afectiva. Comenzamos con una breve exploración de la noción de self como un proceso de contacto, enfatizando el pré-contacto y la función id del self como el momento de la dimensión común de la experiencia que compartimos con el mundo y con el otro. Tal como lo entendemos, la función id es predominantemente sensorial, basada en la corporalidad, y se configura como un soporte fundamental para la experiencia de la diferencia y la novedad. A partir de esto, proponemos un diálogo con Daniel Stern, explorando sus conceptos afecto de vitalidad y sintonía afectiva para afirmar que nuestra comunicación con el otro se establece no solo por el modo de hablar, por el pensamiento formal, explícito y reflexivo, sino además por una dimensión afectiva y vital. A partir de estas nociones, discutimos el concepto de awareness en la Terapia Gestalt, diferenciándolo de la noción de conciencia reflexiva y considerándolo como una clase de "conocimiento corporal" y experiencia implícita, aprehendida cuando se relaciona con la otredad. Finalmente, concluimos que el trabajo psicoterapéutico y el diálogo constituyen una relación de co-afectación que genera desviaciones, "des-centramientos" y transformaciones.

Diversity of white spot patterns in the eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae) in the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica

Introduction: The Pacific white-spotted eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps, has recently separated from the Atlantic A. narinari based on both morphological and genetic evidence. This species is characterized by a dark body with numerous white spots all over its dorsal side. Considering the type, shape, number, and distribution of these natural markings as potential identifiers at the individual level, we studied the variation in the spot patterns. Objective: Describe and compare the white spot pattern (type and distribution) of individuals and evaluate their potential use as identifiers at the individual level. Methods: We analyzed 54 videos (105 subsequent extracted photos) and 19 photographic records that were taken at different sites along the Pacific coast of northern Costa Rica. Results: Seventeen distinctive types of white spots were identified across the entire dorsal side of the rays. Significant differences between each major body section (pectoral fins, back, head, and pelvic fins) were found in the type and frequency of white spots. The type 'single spot' was commonly distributed across the entire dorsal side, and the spot pattern on the pelvic fins was informative to identify 72 individuals. Conclusions: The analysis of the type, shape, and distribution of white spots in A. laticeps determined several combinations of white spot patterns that be used for further taxonomic description and provide potential identification of the individual for future population studies along with its distribution.

Introducción: La raya águila de manchas blancas del Pacífico, Aetobatus laticeps, se ha separado recientemente de A. narinari del Atlántico basándose en pruebas tanto morfológicas como genéticas. Esta especie se caracteriza por un cuerpo oscuro con numerosas manchas blancas en toda su parte dorsal. Considerando el tipo, la forma, el número y la distribución de estas marcas naturales como identificadores potenciales a nivel individual, estudiamos la variación en los patrones de manchas. Objetivo: Describir y comparar el patrón de manchas blancas (tipo y distribución) de individuos y evaluar su uso potencial como identificadores a nivel individual en especímenes recapturados. Métodos: Analizamos 54 videos (con 105 fotografías extraídas posteriormente) y 19 registros fotográficos que fueron tomados en diferentes sitios a lo largo de la costa pacífica del norte de Costa Rica. Resultados: Se identificaron diecisiete tipos distintivos de manchas blancas en todo el lado dorsal de los radios. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre cada sección principal del cuerpo (aletas pectorales, espalda, cabeza y aletas pélvicas) en el tipo y frecuencia de manchas blancas. El tipo 'punto único' se distribuyó comúnmente en todo el lado dorsal, y el patrón de puntos en las aletas pélvicas fue informativo para identificar 72 individuos. Conclusiones: El análisis del tipo, la forma y la distribución de las manchas blancas en A. laticeps determinó varias combinaciones de patrones de manchas blancas que se utilizarán para una descripción taxonómica adicional y brindan una identificación potencial del individuo para futuros estudios de población a lo largo de su distribución.

Oral ID® as an adjunctive tool for surgical margin assessment in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative study / Oral ID® como uma ferramenta adjuvante para avaliação da margem cirúrgica em pacientes com carcinoma oral de células escamosas: um estudo comparativo

Objective: The condition of the resected margin in oral squamous cell carcinoma continues to be an important prognostic factor; the use of optic technology could help surgeons in determining the margin status at real time. This study aims to evaluate Oral ID, a hand held device that uses the principal of auto-fluorescence to determine surgical safe margins in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to compare the results with those of the conventional 1 cm margin method. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive, comparative analytical study carried out at Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital and Oral Histopathology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum. A total of 92 margins obtained from 31 patients, 46 margins were taken by Oral ID and the other 46 were taken by the traditional 1cm method. All margins were examined histologically with conventional Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: It was found that all tumors showed fluorescence loss; A significant association was found between the use of Oral ID and obtaining a free margin P (0.02) the sensitivity of Oral ID was found to be 74% the specificity was found to be 89%. Ten out of the 46 margins obtained by fluorescence showed mild dysplasia and two margins showed high grade dysplasia. The 46 margins obtained by the traditional 1cm margin showed different field alterations two were involved, one was close, five showed high grade dysplasia and 14 showed mild dysplasia yielding a specificity of 52.2%. Conclusion: Using Oral ID for surgical margin assessment increases the accuracy to 74% compared to the conventional method which was found to be 52.2%. The results of the device are comparable to other auto-fluorescence devices of different trademarks. Further development of the device to help overcome its limitations is strongly advised (AU)

Objetivo: A condição da margem ressecada no carcinoma oral de células escamosas continua sendo um importante fator prognóstico; o uso de tecnologia óptica pode ajudar cirurgiões a determinar o status da margem em tempo real. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o Oral ID, um aparelho portátil que utiliza o princípio da autofluorescência para determinar margens de segurança cirúrgicas em pacientes com carcinoma oral de células escamosas, e comparar os resultados com o método convencional de margem de 1 cm. Material e Métodos: Este estudo foi um estudo descritivo, analítico e comparativo realizado no Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital e no Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Histopatologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Khartoum. Um total de 92 margens foram obtidas de 31 pacientes, 46 margens foram obtidas por Oral ID e as outras 46 foram obtidas pelo método tradicional de 1 cm. Todas as margens foram examinadas histologicamente com coloração convencional de Hematoxilina e Eosina. Resultados: Verificou-se que todos os tumores apresentaram perda de fluorescência; uma associação significativa foi encontrada entre o uso de Oral ID e a obtenção de uma margem livre P (0,02), a sensibilidade de Oral ID foi de 74% e a especificidade de 89%. Dez das 46 margens obtidas por fluorescência mostraram displasia leve e duas margens mostraram displasia de alto grau. As 46 margens obtidas pela margem tradicional de 1cm apresentaram diferentes alterações de campo, duas estavam envolvidas, uma estava próxima, cinco apresentaram displasia de alto grau e 14 apresentaram displasia leve com especificidade de 52,2%. Conclusão: O uso de Oral ID para avaliação da margem cirúrgica aumenta a acurácia para 74% em comparação com o método convencional, que foi encontrado em 52,2%. Os resultados do dispositivo são comparáveis a outros dispositivos de autofluorescência de diferentes marcas comerciais. O desenvolvimento do dispositivo para ajudar a superar suas limitações é fortemente recomendado. (AU)

Nucleic acid technology(NAT) testing for blood screening: A comparative study on individual donation and minipool NAT test / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To compare the detection performance of Cobas s201, a minipool(MP) nucleic acid test(NAT) system, and Panther, a individual donation(ID) NAT system, in blood donor screening. 【Methods】 NAT was conducted on 126 359 blood samples, and initially reactive (IR) samples were either discriminated or resolved by ID testing.The non-discriminated reactive (NDR) samples implicated in Panther sysytem were subjected to ID-NAT by Cobas s201. Some non-repeatable reactivet(NRR) and repeatable reactive (RR) samples implicated in Cobas s201 system were subjected to ID-NAT by Panther. 【Results】 61 MP-IR cases were implicated in a total of 85 128 samples that detected by Cobas 201, and 29(0.34‰) were RR after resolved by ID testing. 74(1.79‰)IR samples were implicated in 41 231 samples that detected by Panther, and 22 (29.73%) were DR-HBV after discriminatory test. Among the NDR 28 samples detected by Panther multiplex system, 7 were positive by Cobas s201 single sample (PP1) whereas non-reactive in simulated MPs of six by Cobas 201.In 28 RR samples resolved by Cobas 201, 24 positive and 4 negative samples were retested by Panther. Among the 11 samples presenting inconsistent retest results by Panther and Cobas 201, 10 were anti-HBc positive, carrying low viral load HBV. 【Conclusion】 The NAT-yield by Panther was significantly higher than that by Cobas s201. Some samples with negative discriminatory results were OBI, and it is necessary to further track and verify the unidentified samples. Cobas s201 is more suitable for a wide array of MP-NAT testing while Panther sample loading, which is flexible and easy to operate, is more suitable for ID-NAT with medium sample size.

Diverse Roles of Inhibitor of Differentiation in Immune Cell Development and Hematologic Malignancies / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) is a member of the helix-loop-helix protein family and exerts negative transcriptional regulation by forming heterodimers with other HLH proteins to inhibit gene expression. Id can promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell differentiation. Especially, Id plays an essential role in the development and differentiation of various immune cells. This review mainly introduces the latest research progress in how members of the Id family regulate the generation and fate determination of multiple cell lineages in the innate and adaptive immune systems. By interacting with different transcription factors such as E protein, Id has a variety of functions in the differentiation process of natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, T cells, and B cells, etc., ensuring the well-coordinated development of immune cells in various immune organs. On the other hand, the abnormal expression and functional deficiency of the Id gene are closely related to the occurrence and progression of hematologic malignancies. In different hematologic malignancies ranging from leukemia to malignant lymphoma, Id plays diverse roles as a cancer-promoting or tumor suppressor factor. Therefore, Id can be used as a marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic malignancies and has the potential to become an important target for cancer therapy.

Relational capability: a study of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation / Capacidad relacional: un estudio de la Empresa Brasileña de Investigación Agrícola / Capacidade relacional: um estudo da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária

Abstract The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) plays an important role in Research and Development (R&D) for generating innovations. Most innovations are generated through R&D alliances with external partners, stimulating relational capability (RC), that is, a construct of strategic management of alliances with propositions for procedures that have not yet been empirically verified. In this context, we investigated how relational capability processes contribute to generating innovations. We conducted qualitative research using a case study based on interviews, document analysis, and observation. Three strategic R&D alliances involving EMBRAPA and external partners constituted the analysis corpus. The main contribution to knowledge advancement is a multidimensional fraProgmework for generating innovations from strategic R&D alliances, based on the empirical evidence of processes of EMBRAPA relational capability and its external partners. This new framework sheds light on how a public research enterprise absorbs knowledge and uncovers the processes of institutionalization and relational capability spillover.

Resumen La EMBRAPA desempeña un papel importante en Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D) para generar innovaciones. La mayoría de las innovaciones se genera a través de alianzas de I+D con socios externos, estimulando la capacidad relacional (CR), es decir, un constructo de gestión estratégica de alianzas con propuestas de procedimientos que aún no se han verificado empíricamente. En este contexto, investigamos cómo los procesos de CR contribuyen a generar innovaciones. Para ello, realizamos una investigación cualitativa utilizando un estudio de caso basado en entrevistas, análisis de documentos y observación. Tres alianzas estratégicas de I+D en las que participaron EMBRAPA y socios externos constituyeron el corpus de análisis. La principal contribución al avance del conocimiento es un framework multidimensional para generar innovaciones a partir de alianzas estratégicas de I+D, con base en la evidencia empírica de los procesos de CR de EMBRAPA y sus socios externos. Este nuevo framework arroja luz sobre cómo una empresa pública de investigación absorbe el conocimiento y descubre los procesos de institucionalización y repercusión de la CR.

Resumo A EMBRAPA desempenha papel importante em P&D na geração de inovações. A maioria das inovações é gerada por meio de alianças de P&D com parceiros externos, estimulando a capacidade relacional (CR), ou seja, um construto de gerenciamento estratégico de alianças com proposições de procedimentos que ainda não foram empiricamente verificados. Nesse contexto, investigamos como os processos de capacidade relacional contribuem para gerar inovações. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa qualitativa utilizando um estudo de caso, baseado em entrevistas, análise de documentos e observação. Três alianças estratégicas de P&D envolvendo a EMBRAPA e parceiros externos foram analisados. A principal contribuição para o avanço do conhecimento é um framework multidimensional para gerar inovações a partir de alianças estratégicas de P&D, com base na evidência empírica dos processos da CR da EMBRAPA e de seus parceiros externos. Este novo framework lança luz sobre como uma empresa pública de pesquisa absorve conhecimento e descobre os processos de institucionalização e repercussão da CR.

Influence of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism in Progression of Chagas Heart Disease

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. One-third of infected patients will develop the cardiac form, which may progress to heart failure (HF). However, the factors that determine disease progression remain unclear. Increased angiotensin II activity is a key player in the pathophysiology of HF. A functional polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with plasma enzyme activity. In CD, ACE inhibitors have beneficial effects supporting the use of this treatment in chagasic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We evaluated the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with HF, performing a case-control study encompassing 343 patients with positive serology for CD staged as non-cardiomyopathy (stage A; 100), mild (stage B1; 144), and severe (stage C; 99) forms of Chagas heart disease. For ACE I/D genotyping by PCR, groups were compared using unconditional logistic regression analysis and adjusted for nongenetic covariates: age, sex, and trypanocidal treatment. RESULTS: A marginal, but not significant (p=0.06) higher prevalence of ACE I/D polymorphism was observed in patients in stage C compared with patients in stage A. Patients in stage C (CD with HF), were compared with patients in stages A and B1 combined into one group (CD without HF); DD genotype/D carriers were prevalent in the HF patients (OR = 2; CI = 1.013.96; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results of this cohort study, comprising a population from the Northeast region of Brazil, suggest that ACE I/D polymorphism is more prevalent in the cardiac form of Chagas disease with HF.

Trichosporon asahii fungaemia in an immunocompetent polytrauma patient who received multiple antibiotics

@#Trichosporon asahii is a yeast-like fungus that is emerging as an important cause of invasive infections in tertiary medical centres. A 58-year-old Chinese man with no known medical illnesses presented with liver lacerations and multiple fractures following an alleged 12-foot fall at a construction site. The gravity of his injuries and poor haemodynamic status necessitated an intensive care unit (ICU) admission, during which several febrile episodes were detected and multiple antibiotics were administered. After being in the ICU for at least two weeks, a urease-positive yeast was isolated from the patient’s blood. The yeast formed dry, fuzzy and wrinkled white colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar following prolonged incubation, and produced blastoconidia, true hyphae, pseudohyphae and arthroconidia on slide culture. It was identified biochemically by the ID 32 C kit as T. asahii. The yeast had elevated minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine and all echinocandins tested. In view of this, the patient was treated with voriconazole and was successfully transferred to the general medical ward.

Metodologías para el fortalecimiento de líneas en grupos de investigación académicos o empresariales / Methodologies for the strengthening of research lines in academic or business research groups / Metodologias para o fortalecimento das linhas em grupos de pesquisa académicos ou empresariais

Resumen Introducción. La disponibilidad de grandes volúmenes de datos ha hecho que la toma de decisiones, tanto académicas como empresariales, sea compleja, por lo que es necesario simplificar estos procesos para decidir efectivamente. Objetivo. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que buscó identificar las metodologías usadas para el fortalecimiento de líneas en centros o grupos de investigación académicos o empresariales. Materiales y métodos. Para ello, se efectuó una revi si ón si stemática exploratori a en Scopus, Ebsco, Science Direct y Scielo. Se encontraron 146 artículos de los cuales se incorporaron en el análisis 35. Resultados. Se detectaron tres tendencias en las metodologías a saber: 1) el enfoque cuantitativo muestra metodologías vinculadas hacia el uso de la bibliometría, la cienciometría y la minería de textos, 2) en el enfoque cualitativo se identificaron análisis documentales, de saberes o percepciones frente a la gestión de la innovación y el desarrollo, vistas desde la academia y desde el sector real y 3) en el enfoque mixto se identificaron estudios de perfiles del capital humano, sistema formal de Hilbert para una lógica proposicional clásica, simulación cualitativa-sociológica, revisión intermedia (métrica y pares), entrevistas y encuestas a empresas y técnica Delphi. Conclusión. Se concluye que el uso de enfoques cuantitativos, cualitativos o mixtos son pertinentes de acuerdo con el área de interés del centro o grupo de investigación; además, para los países desarrollados, este tema se encuentra aparentemente superado puesto que no se evidenció producción académica reciente al respecto, mientras que para los países en vías de desarrollo, existe un interés actual, en particular en lo relacionado con aspectos de inversión y su retorno.

Abstract Introduction: The availability of large volumes of data has made the decision making process, both for academics and businesses, a complex issue, so it is necessary to simplify these procedures in order to decide effectively. Objective: This article presents the results of a study that sought to identify the methodologies used to define or strengthen research lines in academic or business groups. Materials and methods: A systematic exploratory review in Scopus, Ebsco, Science Direct and Scielo retrieved 146 items, of which 35 were incorporated into the analysis. Results: Three different trends were found: 1) the quantitative approach shows methodologies related to the use of bibliometrics, scientometrics and text mining, 2) the qualitative approach identified documentary, knowledge or perceptions analyses regarding the management of innovation and development, seen from academia and from the real sector, and 3) the mixed approach identified profile studies of human capital, Hilbert formal system for classical propositional logic, qualitative-sociological simulation, intermediate review (metric and peers), interviews and surveys to businesses and Delphi technique. Conclusion: The findings show that the use of quantitative, qualitative or mixed approaches is relevant according to the area of interest of the center or research group; in addition, for developed countries this issue is apparently overcome, given that no recent evidence about academic production was found, whilst for developing countries, there is current interest, in particular that which is related to aspects of investment and its return.

Resumo Introdução. A disponibilidade de grandes volumes de dados tornou que a tomada de decisões, tanto académicas como empresariais, sej a complexa, pelo que é necessário simplificar estes processos para decidir efetivamente. Objetivo. Este artigo presenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou identificar as metodologias usadas para o fortalecimento das linhas nos centros ou grupos de pesquisa académicos ou empresariais. Materiais e métodos. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática exploratória em Scopus, Ebsco, Science Direct e Scielo. Encontraram-se 146 artigos que foram incorporados na análise 35. Resultados. Detectaram-se três tendências nas metodologias à saber: 1) na abordagem quantitativa mostra metodologias vinculadas ao uso da bibliometria, a cienciometria e a mineira de textos, 2) na abordagem qualitativa identificaram-se análises documentais, de conhecimentos ou percepções frente à gestão da inovação e o desenvolvimento, observadas desde a academia e desde o setor real e 3) na abordagem mista identificaram-se estudos de perfis do capital humano, sistema formal de Hilbert para uma lógica proposicional clássica, simulação qualitativa-sociológica, revisão intermédia (métrica e pares), entrevistas e testes à empresas e técnica Delphi. Conclusão. Em conclusão, o uso de abordagens quantitativos, qualitativos ou mistos são pertinentes de acordo com a área de interesse do centro ou grupo de pesquisa; além, para os países desenvolvidos, este tema encontra-se aparentemente superado pois não evidenciou-se produção académica recente ao respeito, en quanto que para os países em desenvolvimento, existe um interesse atual, em particular no relacionado com aspetos de investimento e seu ambiente.

Retos para las spin-off académicas en México como resultado de la valorización económica de I+D+i de las universidades / Challenges for the academic spin-offs in Mexico as a result of the economic valorization of RD & I from the universities

Resumen El modelo de valorización económica, de los resultados de investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i) de las universidades, mediante la creación de empresas spin-off, ha demostrado tener un alto índice de éxito e impacto social en diferentes países. En las universidades de Latinoamérica se está fomentando la cultura emprendedora para su creación, por los beneficios económicos que se generan para la universidad y los investigadores participantes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el contexto nacional e internacional de las spin-off académicas, para identificar algunos de los factores que favorecen u obstaculizan su creación y éxito, como estrategia para acelerar su implementación en México. Al ser un modelo recientemente introducido al país, las spin-off académicas requieren la creación de un nuevo marco legal dentro de las universidades para establecer con claridad beneficios y compromisos de la institución y participantes, así como, favorecer su gestión, implementación y crecimiento. Además, de encaminar los resultados de I+D+i para que puedan ser comercializables, capacitar a los investigadores en emprendimiento y propiedad intelectual, aumentar la inversión en investigación privada, y generar políticas y condiciones para incrementar el número de investigadores en México.

Abstract The economic valorization model from the Research Development and Innovation (RD & I) for higher education research results through the creation of spin-offs, has demonstrated to attain a high success index and a positive social impact in several countries. Accordingly, Latin American Universities are encouraging an entrepreneurship culture for the creation of spin-offs since it leads to economic profits for both, the University and the participating researchers. The objective of this paper was to analyze the national and international context of academic spin-offs in order to identify some factors that promote or prevent their creation and success as strategy to accelerate their implementation in Mexico. Since this model has recently been introduced to the country, academic spin-offs require the creation of a new legal framework inside the universities in order to achieve two main goals: one is to establish clearly the rights and responsibilities of the institution and the participants, and the second one entails fostering their management, implementation and development. In addition, there is similarly a need to channel the RD & I results in order to transform them into marketable goods; to train researchers in entrepreneurship and intellectual property; increase private research investment, and generate policies and conditions to increase the number of researchers in Mexico.

Distribution of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism in Diabetic and Diabetic Nephropathy Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of theleading non-communicable disorders, leading tovarious complications viz. cardiovascular diseases,retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and peripheralvascular disorders. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)patients further develop into End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD) and they have to undergo the repeated bloodtransfusions, increasing the social and economicburden. The number of risk factors are known forcausation of diabetic nephropathy including theenvironmental, biochemical as well as genetic factors.The association of nephropathy with various genes hasbeen proved. Aim and Objectives: In the present studywe attempted to check the association ofInsertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism of AngiotensinConverting Enzyme (ACE) in diabetic patients withand without nephropathy and also with thebiochemical markers. Material and Methods: Eachgroup consisted of 110 individuals viz. diabetics withand without nephropathy and age and gender matchedhealthy controls. Results: The determination of I/Dpolymorphism by polymerase chain reaction revealedthe significant increased 'D' allele frequencies inpatients of diabetes with and without nephropathy thanthe controls, while no significant difference was notedin genotype frequencies. The odds ratios for thispolymorphism were calculated to be 1.84 and 2.41 forDM and DN respectively in comparison with thehealthy controls. The regression analysis indicated I/Dpolymorphism is associated positively with all thelipid parameters, except High Density LipoproteinCholesterol (HDL-C) which was negatively associatedwith the polymorphism. The levels of lipid parameterswere also significantly increased in patients of diabeteswith and without nephropathy carriers for 'D' allelethan the patients having 'I' allele, while the level ofHDL-C was significantly decreased. Conclusion: Theconclusion can be made from these results that, thepresence of I/D polymorphism of ACE may increasethe risk of development of nephropathy in generalpopulation, with the role of 'D' allele in its causation,along with its effect on the biochemical markers.

Knowledge, attitude and practices about rabies prophylaxis among medical officers

Background: One of the important requirements to achieve “Zero Human rabies deaths by 2030” is to build awareness of the PEP and care for exposed victims. So, this study was undertaken with the aim and objective to study knowledge, attitude and practices related to animal bite transmitting rabies, amongst medical officer.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 95 medical officer. Pretested and structured questionnaire was prepared related to training sessions conducted and their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) related to rabies prophylaxis. Data was entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel 16 version. Percentages were calculated and appropriate statistical test were applied.Results: None of them had received training on rabies prophylaxis. Regarding WHO categorization of animal bite, 69.5% participants had sufficient knowledge about category III, 47.4% about category II and 42.10% about Category I. Only 4.21% participants were aware of the preexposure prophylaxis and 29.47% participants had sufficient knowledge about intradermal (ID). schedule. Attitude was poor (47.40%) regarding willingness of administrating equine antirabies serum at their setup. 81% practiced immediate wound toileting and 45.30% of participants administered ARV by intradermal route. All patients were referred to tertiary care centre for administration of ARS and 82.10% of participants referred the patients immediately.Conclusions: There was an apparent lack of awareness seen in rabies prophalaxis and management. Effort should be taken to emphasize the importance PEP management through regular reorientation programs.

Generalized eczematous rash in a patient with shoe contact dermatitis: a case report

The id reaction, which is also known as autoeczematisation or autosensitisation dermatitis, refers to the acute development of dermatitis at a site distant from the site of the primary inflammatory cutaneous reaction. Many stimuli have been reported as causes of id reactions, including allergic contact dermatitis. The exact prevalence of id reaction is unknown, however, id reactions have been found to occur in 4%-5% of cases of dermatophyte infections and in up to 37% of patients with stasis dermatitis. This condition has no known predilection for any race, sex or age groups. Shoe dermatitis is a type of contact dermatitis developed following the contact of the foot’s skin with shoe’s parts that contain different chemical substance that harbor the potentiality to be an immune trigger. Among the potential allergens, rubber is found to be the most common shoe-related allergen reported in the literature. Other known allergens include: cements, dichromats used in tanning, dyes, anti-mildew agents, formaldehyde, and nickel eyelets or nickel arch supports. The pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV, delayed-type immune response that provoked by cutaneous contacts with different material that have the ability to stimulate antigen-specific T-helper 1 (TH1) in a sensitized individual. The clinical presentation of id reaction includes acute onset of pruritic erythematous eruption with symmetrical distribution that follows the primary dermatitis by one to two weeks. Authors report a 27-year-old male who presented with generalized, symmetric pruritic and eczematous eruption following localized shoe dermatitis.

The Gene Polymorphism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Intron Deletion and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme G2350A in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Meta-analysis

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy and the gene polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) intron deletion (I/D) and ACE G2350A. Methods Information related to the sample size and genotype frequencies was extracted from each study. Results Our results found that the D allele (p = 0.0180) and DD genotype (p = 0.0110) of ACE I/D had a significant association with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas the I allele (p = 0.0180), but not II (p = 0.1660) and ID genotypes (p = 0.1430), was associated with decreasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. On other hand, we found that the A allele (p = 0.0020) and GA genotype of ACE G2350A (p = 0.0070) had the correlation with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals that the D allele of ACE I/D and the A allele of ACE G2350A are associated with increasing the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.