Correlation between serum SOST, DKK-1 levels and bone metabolism indexes in patients with osteoporosis after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum recombinant sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) levels and bone metabolism indexes in patients with osteoporosis after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery.Methods:A total of 110 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery were recruited as the study group, and another 110 patients without osteoporosis diagnosed after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery were recruited as the control group. The general data, bone mineral density, serum SOST, DKK-1 levels and bone metabolism indicators N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), beta-isomerized C-telopeptide (β-CTX), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25- (OH) D3] levels were compared between the two groups. The correlation between serum SOST, DKK-1 levels and bone metabolism indexes was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the formation of osteoporosis were explored.Results:The T value of bone mineral density in the study group (-3.27±0.92) was significantly lower than that in the control group (-1.23±0.27, t=22.32, P<0.001). The serum SOST (15.84±1.34, t=32.53, P<0.001) and DKK-1 (5.96±1.40, t=4.82, P<0.001) levels in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (SOST: 10.24±1.21, DKK-1: 5.05±1.40). The serum PINP (40.95±9.84, t=7.59, P<0.001), BALP (23.14±5.26, t=5.06, P<0.001) and β-CTX (1.07±0.54, t=4.96, P<0.001) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (31.48±8.64, 19.64±4.99, 0.78±0.29), and the 25- (OH) D3 level (13.68±4.49) was significantly lower than that of the control group (18.31±5.72, t=6.68, P<0.001). Serum SOST was positively correlated with PINP ( r=0.33, P=0.001), BALP ( r=0.23, P=0.016) and β-CTX ( r=0.19, P=0.046), but not with 25- (OH) D3 ( r=-0.09, P=0.349). Serum DKK-1 was positively correlated with PINP ( r=0.19, P=0.044), BALP ( r=0.26, P=0.007) and β-CTX ( r=0.21, P=0.028), but not with 25- (OH) D3 ( r=-0.16, P=0.088). Serum SOST and DKK-1 levels were independent risk factors for osteoporosis (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Serum SOST and DKK-1 levels are independent risk factors for the formation of osteoporosis, which are significantly positively correlated with bone metabolism indexes PINP, BALP, and β-CTX in patients with osteoporosis after differentiated thyroid cancer surgery.

Correlation of endoscopic evaluation with laboratory indices and clinical disease activity in Crohn disease patients with different intestinal involvement / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlations of endoscopic evaluation results with laboratory indices and clinical disease activity in Crohn disease (CD) patients with different intestinal involvement.Methods:Data of 147 patients diagnosed as having CD who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022 were collected retrospectively. According to the involvement of intestinal segment, patients were divided into three groups: the group with isolated small intestinal involvement ( n=55), the group with both small intestinal and large intestinal involvement ( n=48), and the group with isolated large intestinal involvement ( n=44). Correlations of endoscopic evaluation (based on CDEIS) with laboratory indices and clinical disease activity (based on Harvey-Bradshaw index) were analyzed. Results:C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) could be used for the prediction of endoscopic disease activity. The areas under curve (AUC) of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) were 0.677 (0.506-0.849) and 0.744 (0.597-0.890), respectively. In terms of determing clinical disease activity, clinical Harvey-Bradshaw index was consistent with endoscopic CDEIS score in 65.3% (96/147) patients, showing a low positive correlation ( r=0.260, P<0.05). In subgroup analysis for patients with isolated small intestinal involvement, CRP showed no predictive value for clinical disease activity [AUC (95% CI): 0.617 (0.461-0.773), P=0.148], while for endoscopic activity neither CRP nor ESR showed predictive value [AUC (95% CI): 0.537 (0.146-0.929), P=0.829; AUC (95% CI): 0.571 (0.153-0.990), P=0.680]. Furthermore, for patients with isolated small intestinal involvement and both small intestinal and large intestinal involvement, no correlation was found between clinical Harvey-Bradshaw index and endoscopic CDEIS score ( r=0.222, P=0.092; r=0.142, P=0.322). Conclusion:For CD patients with small intestinal involvement, especially isolated small intestinal involvement, laboratory indices and clinical disease activity cannot accurately reflect endoscopic disease activity. Great importance should be attached to evaluation of the extent and activity of intestinal lesions by endoscopy, especially enteroscopy.

Bone turnover markers, hip bone geometry parameters and metabolic syndrome in community overweight postmenopausal women / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of bone turnover markers and geometric parameters of hip bone in overweight postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome(MS), as well as the influence of MS components. To analyze the association of these factors with the risk of fracture.Methods:A total of 505 overweight postmenopausal female patients who underwent health check-up in Lianhu Community Service Center, Danyang City, Jiangsu Province from January to December 2017 were selected. According to the MS diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation(2009), the patients were divided into MS group( n=331)and non-MS group( n=174). Blood samples were collected to determine the level of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide(P1NP)and carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen(CTX). Bone mineral density and hip bone geometry parameters were tested with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hip structural analysis software. Results:The incidence of osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group(21.1% vs 13.8%, 4.8% vs 1. 1%, P<0.05). However, the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra 1-4, femoral neck, and total hip in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group, which remained after adjusting for age( P<0.05), but the difference disappeared after further adjustment for body mass index( P>0.05). The P1NP, CTX, femur strength index(FSI), section modulus(SM), and cross-sectional area(CSA)of MS group were significantly lower than those of non-MS group, the buckling ration(BR)was significantly higher than that in non-MS group, and the differences were still statistically significant after adjusting for age and body mass index( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra 1-4, femoral neck, total hip, P1NP, and CTX between fracture group and non-fracture group in patients with MS. But FSI, SM, cross-sectional moment of inertia(CSMI), and CSA were significantly lower, BR was significantly higher( P<0.05) and femur strength decreased in patients with fracture. Regression analysis showed that high BR was an independent risk factor for fracture risk, while high FSI, SM, CSMI, and CSA were protective factors. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that wasit circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were the main MS components affecting bone mineral density, bone turnover indexes, and hip bone geometry parameters. Conclusions:Overweight postmenopausal MS patients had decreased bone turnover rate, femoral strength, and relatively poor bone quality. Hip bone geometry parameters can be used as one of the methods to assess fracture risk in MS patients. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose are the important MS components affecting bone mass and bone quality.

Research on advances of the evaluation indexes for individual iodine nutrition / 中华地方病学杂志

At present, Chinese residents have three iodine nutritional states: iodine deficiency, iodine appropriate and iodine excess. Appropriate iodine nutrition is crucial to the growth, development, and metabolic regulation of the body. Accurate assessment of individual iodine nutrition level is helpful to accurately understand the iodine status of the body and prevent iodine deficiency or excess. Previous indexes for assessing iodine nutrition include urinary iodine, thyroid stimulating hormone, goiter rate and so on, but these indexes have different degrees of shortcomings in individual iodine nutrition evaluation. This paper reviews the commonly used individual iodine nutrition evaluation indexes, and discusses the possibility of combined application of multiple indexes.

Nutritional physical indexes, obesity status and their warning effect on hypertension among Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the nutritional level, obesity status and the prevalence of frypertension in Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan, to explore the relationship among nutritional physical index, obesity indicators and blood pressure, and use the cutoff value of related indicators to warn frypertension. Methods This paper was based on a statistical analysis of the 7 nutritional pfrysical indexes, 5 types of obesity status and frypertension status of 766 Blang, 570 Deang and 565 Va. Results We found that the nutritional pfrysique index of man)' items (4 items for men and 4 items for women) of Blang was significantly higher than that of Deang and Va (P Blang > Deang and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Pelidisi' s index, WHR, and PBF all have good early warning effects on frypertension in all three ethnic groups.

Efecto de prácticas agroecológicas en la conservación del suelo de la Zona de Reserva Campesina de San Isidro, Pr dera, Valle del Cauca / Effect of agroecological practices on soil conservation of the San Isidro Peasant Reserve Zone / Efeito das práticas agroecológicas na conservação do solo na Zona de Reserva Camponesa de San Isidro, Pradera, Valle del Cauca

RESUMEN La biodiversidad del suelo está amenazada por cambios antropogénicos mundiales, como la intensifìcación del uso del suelo, la deforestación y fenômenos climáticos extremos. En esta investigación se identificó el estado de indicadores de respuesta biológica del suelo al manejo agroecológico de los sistemas de producción de Zona de Reserva Campesina de San Isidro, municipio de Pradera, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se tomaron muestras de la capa superior del suelo en multiples sitios de cada sistema productivo. Se realizó análisis de textura del suelo, análisis de atributos químicos (pH, M.O., FF K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn y B), cuantificación microbiana y de mesofauna, y se analizaron indicadores de manejo agroecológico en cada uno de los 15 agroecosistemas. Se encontró que prevalece una labranza conservacionista y que entre las propiedades químicas del suelo que pueden mejorarse está el pH y que se debe fortalecer el manejo de materia orgánica. Se concluye que el actual manejo agroecológico realizado por la comunidad requiere incorporación de materia orgánica teniendo en cuenta la textura del suelo de cada agroecosistema para mejorar condiciones relacionadas con aireación, humedad y erosión del suelo. Se evidenciaron resultados promisorios en indicadores biológicos del suelo; sin embargo, se requieren esfuerzos adicionales para fortalecer su potencial ya que muchas propiedades evaluadas son el reflejo de multiples procesos, por lo tanto, es necesario establecer vínculos directos entre la biodiversidad del suelo y la producción de cultivos para implementar las prácticas de gestión.

ABSTRACT Soil biodiversity is threatened by global anthropogenic changes, such as intensification of land use, deforestation and extreme climatic events. This research identified the status of indicators of soil biological response to agroecological management of production systems in the San Isidro Peasant Reserve Zone, municipality of Pradera, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Topsoil samples were taken from multiple sites in each production system. Soil texture analysis, chemical attribute analysis (pH, M.O., FF K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), microbial and mesofauna quantification, and agroecological management indicators were analyzed in each of the 15 agroecosystems. It was found that conservation tillage prevails and that among the soil chemical properties that can be improved is pH and that organic matter management should be strengthened. It was concluded that the current agroecological management carried out by the community requires the incorporation of organic matter taking into account the soil texture of each agroecosystem to improve conditions related to soil aeration, humidity and erosion. Promising results were evidenced in soil biological indicators; however, additional efforts are required to strengthen their potential since many properties evaluated are the reflection of multiple processes, therefore, it is necessary to establish direct links between soil biodiversity and crop production in order to implement management practices.

RESUMO A biodiversidade do solo é ameaçada por mudanças antropogénicas globais, tais como intensificação do uso da terra, desmatamento e eventos climáticos extremos. Esta pesquisa identificou o status dos indicadores de resposta biológica do solo ao manejo agroecológico dos sistemas de produção na Zona de Reserva Camponesa de San Isidro, município de Pradera, Valle del Cauca, Colômbia. Amostras de solo superior foram coletadas de multiplos locais em cada sistema de produção. Análise da textura do solo, análise de atributos químicos (pH, M.O., FF K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn e B), quantificação microbiana e mesofauna, e indicadores de manejo agroecológico foram analisados em cada um dos 15 agroecossistemas. Constatou-se que a lavoura de conservação prevalece e que entre as propriedades químicas do solo que podem ser melhoradas está o pH e que o manejo da matéria orgânica deve ser reforçado. Conclui-se que o atual manejo agroecológico realizado pela comunidade requer a incorporação de matéria orgânica, levando em conta a textura do solo de cada agroecossistema para melhorar as condições relacionadas à aeração, umidade e erosão do solo. Resultados promissores foram evidenciados nos indicadores biológicos do solo; entretanto, esforços adicionais são necessários para fortalecer seu potencial, já que muitas propriedades avaliadas são um reflexo de múltiplos processos, portanto, é necessário estabelecer vínculos diretos entre a biodiversidade do solo e a produção de culturas para implementar práticas de gestão.

Análisis del contenido de ácidos grasos y estimación de índices de calidad nutricional en conservas de atún

RESUMEN Los alimentos de origen marino se caracterizan en general por su alto contenido en ácidos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA), dos ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la familia n-3 con funciones esenciales en el organismo humano. En Chile, las conservas de pescado, entre ellas el atún enlatado, son una de las formas principales de consumo de alimentos del mar. En este trabajo se analizaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos y se estimaron varios índices de calidad nutricional de distintas conservas de lomos de atún en agua y en aceite vegetal disponibles en supermercados de Santiago de Chile. Las cantidades de EPA+DHA encontradas oscilaron entre 184 y 310 mg/100 g y entre 110 y 336 mg/100 g en las conservas de atún en agua y en aceite, respectivamente. El ácido graso más abundante en las conservas de atún en agua fue el DHA, mientras que en las conservas en aceite fue el ácido linoleico, perteneciente a la familia n-6. Los índices de calidad lipídica del pescado (FLQ) y aterogénico (IA) fueron más altos en las conservas de atún en agua que en las de atún en aceite, mientras que la relación ácidos grasos hipocolesterolémicos/hipercolesterolémicos (HH) presentó valores mayores en el atún enlatado en aceite. El índice trombogénico (IT) fue en general más alto en las conservas de atún en aceite.

ABSTRACT Foods from marine origin are known to have a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n-3 family with essential roles in the human organism. Canned fish, including tuna, is one of the main formats to consume marine foods in Chile. In this work, samples of canned tuna in water and in oil available in supermarkets of Santiago de Chile were analysed to elucidate their fatty acid composition and to estimate several indexes of nutritional quality related to the lipid fraction of such foods. The amounts of EPA+DHA ranged between 184 and 310 mg/100 g and between 110 and 336 mg/100 g for canned tuna in water and oil, respectively. DHA was the most abundant fatty acid in canned tuna in water, whereas linolenic acid (an n-6 fatty acid) was found to be the most abundant in canned tuna in oil. The Fish Lipid Quality (FLQ) and atherogenic index (AI) reached higher values in canned tuna in water than in canned tuna in oil, whereas the ratio hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HH) was higher in canned tuna in oil. The thrombogenic index (TI) was generally higher for canned tuna in oil.

Índices de vascularización cervical en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente

Objetivo. Establecer la utilidad de los índices de vascularización cervical en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente. Diseño. Estudio de casos-controles. Institución. Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participantes. Pacientes con parto pretérmino en los siguientes 7 días (grupo A) y embarazadas con parto pretérmino más allá de los 7 días (grupo B). Métodos. Las embarazadas fueron evaluadas utilizando ecografía transvaginal y seguidas hasta el parto. Principales medidas de resultado. Características generales, índices de vascularización cervical (índice de vascularización, índice de flujo e índice de vascularización / flujo), parto pretérmino inminente y eficacia pronóstica. Resultados. Fueron incluidas 350 pacientes, 75 mujeres presentaron parto pretérmino inminente (grupo A) y 251 pacientes fueron consideradas como controles (grupo B). Las pacientes del grupo A tuvieron valores significativamente más bajos del índice de vascularización e índice de flujo comparado con el grupo B (p = 0,0122 y p < 0,0001, respectivamente). Las pacientes del grupo B presentaron valores significativamente más altos de índice de vascularización / flujo comparadas con las pacientes del grupo A (p = 0,0103). Los tres índices y la combinación de estos no mostraron capacidad de discriminación de parto pretérmino inminente. Conclusiones. Las pacientes con parto pretérmino inminente presentan diferencias significativas en los índices de vascularización comparado con las pacientes que presentan parto pretérmino más allá de los 7 días de la evaluación ecográfica. Sin embargo, no son útiles en la predicción del parto pretérmino inminente.

Objective: To establish the usefulness of cervical vascularization low he in the prediction of impending preterm labor. Design: Case-control study. Institution: "Dr. Urquinaona" Central Hospital, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participants: Patients with preterm delivery within 7 days (group A) and pregnant women with preterm delivery beyond 7 days (group B). Methods: Pregnant women were evaluated using transvaginal ultrasound and followed until delivery. Main outcome measures: General characteristics, cervical vascularity low he (vascularity index, low index and vascularity / low index), impending preterm delivery, and prognostic efficacy. Results: A total of 350 patients were included, 75 women presented imminent preterm labor (group A) and 251 patients were considered as controls (group B). Patients in group A had significantly lower values of vascularization index and low index compared to group B (p = 0.0122 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Patients in group B had significantly higher values of vascularization / low index compared to patients in group A (p = 0.0103). The three low he and the combination of these did not show the ability to discriminate imminent preterm labor. Conclusions: Patients with imminent preterm labor showed significant differences in the vascularization low he compared to patients presenting preterm labor beyond 7 days of ultrasound evaluation. However, they are not useful in predicting impending preterm labor.

Estudio teórico de la oxidación de CO con O2 usando catalizadores de Au-Pd y Au-Pt / Theoretical study of the CO Oxidation with O2 using Au-Pd and Au-Pt catalysts / Estudo teórico da oxidação de CO com O2 usando catalisadores de Au-Pd e Au-Pt

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizaron cálculos con base en la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad Electrónica (DFT) con la aproximación B3PW91/LANL2DZ para optimizar los sistemas monometálicos y bimetálicos Au9, Au8Pd, Au8Pt, AuPd8, AuPt8, Pd9 y Pt9. Los materiales fueron teóricamente evaluados como catalizadores para la oxidación de monóxido de carbono (CO) y se determinó el sistema más favorable para la adsorción de esta molécula. La sustitución de átomos de Pt y Pd por átomos de Au en los nonámeros generó un cambio en la estructura tridimensional del sistema. El análisis de reactividad global mostró que el clúster más reactivo es PÍ9, seguido por AuPt s . Los índices de Fukui identificaron los sitios más susceptibles para un ataque nucleofílico de ambos clústeres. La adsorción de CO generó una cascada de oxidación que liberó ~4,5 eV, indicando que la reacción es altamente exotérmica y exergónica. Los clústeres AuPt s y Pt 9 mostraron los valores más bajos de energía de activación de la etapa determinante del mecanismo. En general, la sustitución de un átomo de platino (o paladio) por un átomo de oro no afecta la reactividad de los nonámeros y, por tanto, se infiere que el clúster AuPt s podría ser un catalizador promisorio en la oxidación de CO.

Abstract In the current study were development calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3PW91/LANL2DZ approach for optimizing both monometallic and bimetallic systems: Au9, AusPd, Au8Pt, AuPds, AuPts, Pd9 y Pt9. Such materials were theoretically tested as catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and the most favorable system for its further adsorption was determined. The substitution of Pt and Pd by Au atoms in the nonamers generated a change in the tridimensional structure of the system. The global reactivity analysis showed that the most reactive cluster is Pt9 followed by AuPts. On the other hand, the Fukui indexes identified the most susceptible sites for a nucleophilic attack of both clusters. The CO adsorption generated an oxidation cascade which liberated ∼ 4.5 eV, indicating that the reaction is highly exothermic and exergonic. Both AuPt8 and Pt9 showed the lowest values of activation energy in the determining step of the mechanism. In general, the substitution of a Pt (Pd) atom by an Au atom does not affect the reactivity of the nonamers and then it is inferred that the AuPds cluster could be a promissory catalyst in the CO oxidation.

Resumo No presente estudo, cálculos baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade Eletrônica (DFT) com a abordagem B3PW91/LANL2DZ foram realizados para otimizar sistemas monometálicos e bimetálicos Au9, Au8Pd, Au8Pt, AuPd8, AuPt8, Pd9 y Pt9. Tais materiais foram teoricamente avaliados como catalisadores para a oxidação do monóxido de carbono (CO) e foi determinado o sistema mais favorável para a adsorção desta molécula. A substituição dos átomos de Pt e Pd por átomos de Au nós não-nomes gerou uma mudança na estrutura tridimensional do sistema. A análise de reatividade global mostrou que o cluster mais reativo é Pt9, seguido por AuPt8. Os índices de Fukui identificaram os sítios mais suscetíveis ao ataque nucleofílico de ambos os clusters. A adsorção de CO gerou uma cascata de oxidação que liberou ~4,5 eV, indicando que a reação é altamente exotérmica e exergônica. Os aglomerados AuPt 8 y Pt 9 apresentaram os menores valores de energia de ativação do estágio determinante do mecanismo. Em geral, a substituição de um átomo de platina (ou paládio) por um átomo de ouro não afeta a reatividade dos não-nomes e, portanto, infere-se que o aglomerado AuPt 8 pode ser um catalisador promissor na oxidação do CO.

Mechanism of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on spinal cord analgesia in rats with functional chronic visceral pain

Purpose: To analyze the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX) analgesia pretreatment on functional chronic visceral pain in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6. The behavioral changes and electrophysiological indexes of rats in each group before and after DEX treatment were detected. Results: The levels of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) in W5 and W6 groups were significantly lower than those in group W3, while the levels of thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were significantly higher than those in group W3 (p < 0.05). The electromyographic signals of W1, W5, and W6 groups showed little fluctuation, while those of groups W2, W3, and W4 showed obvious fluctuation. TLR4 mRNA expression, IRF3, P65, and phosphorylation levels in W4, W5, and W6 groups were significantly lower than those in group W2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine epidural anesthesia pretreatment could significantly inhibit visceral pain response in rats with functional chronic visceral pain, and its mechanism was related to the activation of TLR4 in spinal dorsal horn tissue of rats and the activation inhibition of IRF3 and P65 in the downstream key signals.

Changes of blood indicators in blood donors after COVID-19 vaccination / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the changes of blood routine, biochemical indexes and coagulation indexes of voluntary blood donors after COVID-19 vaccination, so as to provide a scientific basis for blood donation strategy and to ensure blood safety. 【Methods】 From March to August 2021, 55 blood donors who had received COVID-19 vaccination were sampled at the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks after vaccination for blood routine, biochemical and coagulation indexes testing. The changes were analyzed. 【Results】 At the second week after vaccination, abnormal blood routine indicators occurred 16(5.82%) occasions, abnormal biochemical indicators 159(36.14%) occasions; at the 4th week after vaccination, abnormal blood routine indicators 14(5.10%) occasions and abnormal biochemical indexes 151(34.32%) occasions. There was no difference in blood routine and biochemical indexes before and after vaccination(P>0.05). Among the coagulation indexes, the incidence of abnormal increase of FⅧ activity at the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks after vaccination were 34.5%(19/55), 40%(22/55) and 50.9%(28/55), respectively. The the incidence of abnormal increase of TT were 3.6%(2/55), 7.2%(4/55) and 21.8%(12/55), respectively. Both TT and FⅧ activity had a tendency of increasing(P<0.05), APTT had an decreasing trend(P<0.05), and FIB content took on dynamical changes(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The blood indicators of blood donors after receiving COVID-19 vaccination are almost within the normal reference values. They can donate regularly according to the required interval, which may help to improve the potential transient changes of coagulation function.

Blood indexes of middle-aged and elderly persons with deep vein thrombosis of a lower extremity after a cerebral hemorrhage / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To document the blood indexes of middle-aged and elderly intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients complicated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 77 hospitalized ICH patients using venous color Doppler ultrasonography within 3 days of admission. According to the results, they were divided into a DVT group (18 cases) and a non-DVT group (59 cases). The blood routine, biochemistry, coagulation, and D-dimer examinations were conducted on the 2nd day after admission. T-tests and rank sum tests tested the significance of any differences between the groups in average white blood cell counts, neutrophil percentages, platelets, albumin, globulin, fasting blood glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes, fibrinogen or D-dimer.Results:The average levels of albumin, uric acid and calcium in the DVT group were significantly lower than in the non-DVT group. The average levels of fasting blood glucose and D-dimer were significantly higher.Conclusions:Decreased serum uric acid, calcium and albumin levels, together with increased fasting blood glucose and D-dimer are related to the occurrence of DVT in ICH patients. To reduce the risk of DVT it is important to maintain normal levels of serum uric acid, calcium and albumin and to limit D-dimer and fasting blood glucose.

Clinical characteristics of 225 patients with bone and joint infection / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and pathogen distributions of the patients with bone and joint infection.Methods:The clinical data and etiological results of 225 patients with bone and joint infection from January 2008 to October 2020 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed.Statistical analysis was conducted by chi-square test.Results:Of the 225 cases with bone and joint infection, 75.6%(170/225) were extremities and other osteomyelitis, 16.0%(36/225) were suppurative arthritis, 8.4%(19/225) were spinal osteomyelitis. Non-implants related infection accounted for 80.4%(181/225) of the cases, while 19.6%(44/225) of the cases were implants related infection. The main clinical manifestations were localized pain (48.4%(109/225)), dyskinesia (47.6%(107/225)), localized swelling (28.9%(65/225)), fever (28.0%(63/225)), and increased purulent exudation (24.9%(56/225)). The proportions of localized pain (55.8%(101/181)) and fever (31.5%(57/181)) of non-implants infection were higher than those of implants infection (18.2%(8/44) and 13.6%(6/44), respectively), while the proportion of increased purulent exudation in implants infection (50.0%(22/44)) was higher than that in non-implants infection (18.8%(34/181)). There were all significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=15.49, 5.60 and 18.45, respectively, all P<0.050). Of the 225 cases, 63 cases(28.0%) had complications with other site infection, especially soft tissue infection and bloodstream infection. A total of 106 strains of pathogens were isolated from 225 specimens, 58.5%(62/106) of them were Gram positive bacterium.Among them, 34.0%(36/106) were Staphylococcus aureus, with the rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation accounting for 11.3%(12/106). Laboratory tests showed that 40.4%(91/225) of the patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 32.9%(74/225) patients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Proportions of patients with elevated ESR (43.6%(79/181)) and CRP (37.6%(68/181)) in non-implants infection were significantly higher than those in implants infection (27.3%(12/44) and 13.6%(6/44), respectively). There were significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=3.94 and 9.19, respectively, P=0.047 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions:The main clinical manifestations of bone and joint infection are localized pain, dyskinesia, localized swelling, fever and increased purulent exudation. Patients with bone and joint infection are easy to be complicated with soft tissue infection and bloodstream infection, and often accompanied by increased ESR and CRP levels. Gram positive bacterium are the main pathogens.

Correlation between vegetation indexes generated at Vitis Vinifera L. and soil, plant and production parameters for emergency application in decision making / Correlação entre indices de vegetação gerados em Vitis Vinifera L. e parâmetros de solo, planta e produção para aplicação emergencial na tomada de decisão

Correlation between proximal sensing techniques and laboratory results of qualitative variables plus agronomic attributes was evaluated of a 3,0 ha vineyard in the county of Muitos Capões, Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in Vitis vinifera L. at 2017/2018 harvest, aiming to evaluate the replacement of conventional laboratory analysis in viticulture by Vegetation Indexes, at situations were laboratory access are unavailable. Based on bibliographic research, looking for vegetative indexes developed or used for canopy reflectance analysis on grapevines and whose working bands were within the spectral range provided by the equipment used, a total of 17 viable candidates were obtained. These chosen vegetation indices were correlated, through Pearson (5%), with agronomic soil attributes (apparent electrical conductivity, clay, pH in H2O, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, effective CTC, CTC at pH 7.0, zinc, copper, sulfur and boron) for depths 0 -20 cm and 20-40 cm, and plant tissue (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and boron) , in addition to some key oenological and phytotechnical parameters for the quantification of wine production and quality. One hundred and thirty ninesignificant correlations were obtained from this cross, with 36 moderate coefficients between 19 parameter variables versus 12 of the indexes. We concluded that in cases where access or availability of laboratory analyzes is difficult or impracticable, the use of vegetation indices is possible if the correlation coefficients reach, at least, the moderate magnitude, serving as a support to decision making until the lack analytical structure to be remedied.

Avaliou-se a correlação entre as técnicas de sensoriamento proximal e os resultados laboratoriais de variáveis qualitativas, mais os atributos agronômicos do solo de um vinhedo de 3,0 ha no município de Muitos Capões, região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, na safra 2017/2018. Objetivou avaliar a substituição das análises laboratoriais convencionais em viticultura por Índices de Vegetação, em situações de indisponibilidade de acesso ao laboratório. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, buscaram-se índices vegetativos desenvolvidos ou utilizados para análise de refletância de dossel em videiras e cujas bandas de trabalho estavam dentro do intervalo espectral fornecido pelo equipamento utilizado, obtendo-se um total de 17 candidatos viáveis. Esses índices de vegetação escolhidos foram correlacionados, por meio de Pearson (5%), com atributos agronômicos do solo (condutividade elétrica aparente, argila, pH em H2O, fósforo, potássio, matéria orgânica, alumínio, cálcio, magnésio, CTC efetivo, CTC em pH 7,0, zinco, cobre, enxofre e boro) para profundidades de 0 - 20 cm e 20 - 40 cm, e tecido vegetal (nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, cobre, zinco, ferro, manganês e boro), além de alguns parâmetros enológicos e fitotécnicos essenciais para a quantificação da produção e qualidade do vinho. Deste cruzamento foram obtidas 139 correlações significativas, resultando 36 coeficientes moderados entre 19 variáveis de parâmetros versus 12 dos índices. Concluímos que nos casos em que o acesso ou disponibilidade de análises laboratoriais é difícil ou impraticável, a utilização de índices de vegetação é possível, desde que os coeficientes de correlação atinjam, pelo menos, a magnitude moderada, servindo como suporte para a tomada de decisão até a falta de estrutura analítica ser remediada.

Examination of anthropometric characteristics of police academy students / Examen de las características antropométricas de los estudiantes de la academia de policía

SUMMARY: Anthropometric data, which is highly correlated with health and high level of physical capacity, is very important for police officer. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric data of police college students and compare in terms of gender. Fifty-two police college students (32 females and 20 males) participated in the present study. Index calculations were made by applying anthropometric test measurements to all participants. The data included anthropometric (length measurements, width measurements, circumference measurement) and index [Body Mass Index (BMI), Cormic Index (C-Index), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Ponderal Index (PI), Conicity Index (Con-Index) Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR)] parameters. The Independent Sample T-Test was used to analyze the difference in groups. A statistically significant difference was found in all parameters except leg length in length measurements (p<0.05). The mean of all width measurements except shoulder width of females was higher than that of male participants. Differences were obtained in all variables except hand and hip-width (p<0.05). In circumference measurements, there was a difference between the groups in the measurement values of the relaxed arm, maximum arm, wrist, shoulder, chest, and hip circumferences (p<0.05). The BAI, PI, WHtR, and Con-Index values were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the length, width, circumference, and kinanthropometric indexes of male and female police candidates differ. Although male have higher mean values in length and circumference measurements, female have a higher mean for width measurements. Females have higher mean values in general in terms of index values and they are inincreased risk group in terms of WHtR index. It can be recommended for all participants, especially females, to participate in regular physical activity after they start working.

RESUMEN: Los datos antropométricos que están fuertemente correlacionados con la salud y el alto nivel de capacidad física, son muy importantes para el oficial de policía. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar los datos antropométricos de estudiantes universitarios de policía y compararlos en relación al género. En el estudio participaron 52 estudiantes universitarios de policía (32 mujeres y 20 hombres). Los cálculos de los índices a los participantes se realizaron aplicando mediciones de pruebas antropométricas. Los datos antropométricos incluyeron (medidas de longitud, ancho y circunferencia) además de índice [Índice de masa corporal (IMC), Índice córmico (Índice C), Índice de adiposidad corporal (IAC), Índice ponderal (IP), Índice de conicidad (Con-Índice) y Relación cintura-altura (WHtR)]. Se utilizó la prueba T para muestras independientes para analizar la diferencia entre los grupos. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en todos los parámetros excepto en la longitud de las piernas (p<0,05). La media de todas las medidas de ancho excepto el ancho de los hombros de las mujeres fue mayor que la de los hombres. Se obtuvieron diferencias en todas las variables excepto en el ancho de manos y caderas (p<0,05). En las medidas de circunferencia, hubo diferencia entre los grupos en el brazo relajado, brazo máximo, muñeca, hombro, pecho y cadera (p<0,05). Los valores de BAI, IPI, WHtR y Con-Index fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos (p<0,05). En conclusión, los índices de largo, ancho, circunferencia y cineantropométricos de los candidatos a policías difieren entre hombres y mujeres. Aunque los hombres tienen valores medios más altos en las medidas de longitud y circunferencia, las mujeres tienen una media más alta en las medidas de ancho. Las mujeres tienen valores medios más altos en general, en términos de valores de índice, y se encuentran en un grupo de mayor riesgo en términos de índice WHtR. Se puede recomendar a todos los candidatos y candidatas a policía, especialmente a las mujeres, que participen en actividades físicas regularmente después de comenzar a trabajar.

Influência dos indicadores econômicos na distribuição espacial de internações relacionadas as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis / Influence of economic indicators on the spatial distribution of hospitalizations related to chronic noncommunicable diseases / Influencia de los indicadores económicos en la distribución espacial de las hospitalizaciones relacionadas con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária relacionadas às Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis em São Carlos, SP, Brasil, e verificar a correlação com as variáveis econômicas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, utilizando dados secundários coletados por meio do levantamento nas fichas de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar no período de 2015 a 2018 e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e correlação de Pearson. A geocodificação e geoprocessamento foram realizadas nos softwares ArcGis e Google Earth Pro. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da instituição. Resultados: Foram encontradas correlações (21% e 25%), referente, respectivamente, às variáveis renda do setor censitário e renda per capita, sugerem que quanto maior a renda, menor será o número de internação. Conclusão: O aumento do coeficiente de ICSAP em regiões de baixa renda, indica que a renda consiste em um fator determinante no processo saúde-doença.

Objective: to analyze the distribution of hospitalizations for conditions relating to chronic noncommunicable diseases and amenable to primary care in São Carlos, São Paulo and to ascertain correlations with economic variables. Method: this ecological study used secondary data collected from the survey of hospitalization authorization (AIH) forms in the period from 2015 to 2018, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. Geocoding and geoprocessing were performed using ArcGis and Google Earth Pro software. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: 21% and 25% correlations were found with, respectively, census tract income and per capita income, suggesting that the higher the income, the lower the number of hospitalizations. Conclusion: the increase in the coefficient for such hospitalizations in low-income regions indicates that income is a determining factor in the health-disease process.

Objetivo: analizar la distribución de Hospitalizaciones por Condiciones Sensibles a la Atención Primaria relacionadas con Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles en São Carlos-SP y verificar la correlación con variables económicas. Método: se trata de un estudio ecológico, utilizando datos secundarios recolectados a través de la encuesta en formularios de Autorización de Hospitalización (AIH) en el período de 2015 a 2018 y analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y correlación de Pearson. La geocodificación y el geoprocesamiento se realizaron utilizando el software ArcGis y Google Earth Pro. La investigación fue aprobada por el comité de ética. Resultados: se encontraron correlaciones (21% y 25%), referidas, respectivamente, a las variables 'ingresos del sector censal' e 'ingresos per cápita', sugiriendo que cuanto más altos sean los ingresos, menor será el número de hospitalizaciones. Conclusión: el aumento del coeficiente ICSAP en las regiones de bajos ingresos indica que los ingresos son un factor determinante en el proceso salud-enfermedad.

Cephalofacial differences between males 18 years of age and 20-30 years of age / Diferencias cefalofaciales entre hombres de 18 años y de 20-30 años

SUMMARY: The human skull is comprised of many flat and irregular bones, divided into two groups: cranial and facial bones. The size, shape and growth of the human skull are the product of many interrelated internal and external factor interactions. The purpose of the present study was to explore the systematic differences in cephalofacial size and shape classification between two measured groups of different ages and different period of done measurements. Five cephalofacial variables and four cephalofacial indexes were measured on 795 entities of the Kosovo Albanian population in two different timelines; 401 male entities aged 20-30 years old were measured during the timeline 1997-1999, while 394 male entities aged 18 years old were measured during the timeline 2016-2018. The gained data were analyzed in terms of basic descriptive statistical parameters and the percentage of distribution of results. The most pronounced differences between the age groups of 18 year-olds and the age group of 20-30 year-olds, are mainly emphasized in the morphological height of the face, total facial index and transverse cephalic index. While in other dimensions, the distribution of results is very similar. Differences between groups can be justified by the age at which the growth of the cephalofacial bones ends and the influence of external factors such as nutritional and socio-economic factors.

RESUMEN: El cráneo humano está compuesto por huesos planos e irregulares, divididos en dos grupos: huesos craneales y faciales. El tamaño, la forma y el crecimiento del cráneo humano son el producto de muchas interacciones de factores internos y externos interrelacionados. El propósito del presente estudio fue explorar las diferencias sistemáticas en la clasificación de tamaño y forma cefalofacial entre dos grupos de diferentes edades y en diferentes períodos de mediciones. Se midieron cinco variables cefalofaciales y cuatro índices cefalofaciales en 795 entidades de la población albanesa de Kosovo en dos líneas de tiempo diferentes. Se midieron 401 entidades masculinas de 20 a 30 años. Durante el periodo 1997-1999 se medieron 401 entidades masculinas de 20 a 30 años, mientras que 394 entidades masculinas de 18 años se se midieron durante el periodo 2016-2018. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron en términos de parámetros estadísticos descriptivos básicos y el porcentaje de distribución de los resultados. Las diferencias más pronunciadas entre los grupos de edad de 18 años y el grupo de 20-30 años, se enfatizan principalmente en la altura morfológica de la cara, índice facial total e índice cefálico transversal. Mientras que en otras dimensiones, la distribución de resultados es muy similar. Las diferencias entre grupos pueden estar asociadas a la edad en la que finaliza el crecimiento de los huesos cefalofaciales y la influencia de factores externos, tal como aspectos nutricionales y socioeconómicos.

Faunistic analysis and seasonal fluctuation of ladybeetles in an agro-ecological system installed for organic vegetable production

Plans for an agro-ecological system for agricultural production must consider vegetal diversification in agricultural properties because, among other advantages, it can help the biological control of pests when it focuses on such an end. Predator ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) can be found in different environments; they play an important role in biological control. The aims of the present study were to feature ladybeetle populations through faunistic analysis and determine their fluctuations in an agro-ecological system comprising seven sub-systems subjected to different cultivation systems in Seropédica County, RJ. The experiment was conducted from December/2018 to December/2019 at Módulo de Cultivo Orgânico Intensivo de Hortaliças (MCOIH), which is located at Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica (SIPA). In total, 1,231 adult ladybeetles were captured, distributed into 13 species, 3 genera and 2 tribes of Coccinellidae, which resulted in S (taxon richness) = 19, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') = 0.65 (at 0 to 1 scale) and Margalef diversity index (α) = 2.53 (values lower than 2.0 represent low diversity sites). Equitability was low (E = 0.22), since one of the ladybeetle species has prevailed: Cycloneda sanguinea (most frequent, dominating and constant) in MCOIH, as well as in each of the sub-systems. However, the simplest sub-systems installed for vegetable production (monoculture gardens) were not favorable for ladybeetle diversity, whereas sub-systems installed for polyculture of leafy vegetables recorded the greatest taxa diversity of ladybeetles, including species that predate in aphids that attack vegetables [Coleomegilla maculata, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia convergens and Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva]. The sub-system comprising gliricidia was used to produce fertilization biomass and favored the predominance of C. sanguinea in comparison to the other ladybeetle species in MCOIH. Spring was the season mostly favoring the occurrence of C. sanguinea and H. convergens adults; which were dominant species in ladybeetle assemblage in MCOIH; however, C. sanguinea was constant and H. convergens was accessory.

ASCVD indexes in Bama and Shimen area plasma donors, China / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) related indexes in plasma donors from longevity area, and explore its influencing factors. 【Methods】 1 027 plasma donors from longevity hotspot (Bama, Guangxi province) and 1 816 donors from non-longevity region (Shimen, Hunan province) who donated plasma during June to November 2018 were randomly selected. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), and fructosamine (FUN) of the two groups were measured and statistically analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with the non-longevity region group, the TG, TC and FUN levels of longevity hotspot group were lower (1.41±0.96 vs 2.31±1.28, 3.89±0.92 vs 4.04±0.82, 176.65±26.60 vs 200.33±34.19; all P<0.05), but HDLC, LDLC, Apo-A1 and Apo-B levels were higher (1.11±0.32 vs 0.96±0.25, 2.53±0.70 vs 2.29±0.56, 1.56±0.28 vs 1.23±0.18, 0.80±0.27 vs 0.72±0.19; all P<0.05). The yield (%) of high TG(12.0 vs 40.01) and FUN(0.58 vs 2.48), low HDLC(24.63 vs 43.90) and Apo-A1(1.66 vs 22.56) were lower in longevity area than those in non-longevity region (all P<0.05), but high LDLC(2.73 vs 0.28) and Apo-B(4.09 vs 0.22) yield(%) were higher in longevity area group ( P<0.05). The levels of TC, HDLC, LDLC, Apo-A1 and Apo-B were significantly different by ages (all P < 0.01), presenting positively correlated with age, significantly by gender and nationality, and slightly by blood type. 【Conclusion】 The ASCVD indexes of plasma donors from Bama were different from those from Shimen. Age, nationality, gender and blood type of donors from Bama all had a certain influence on these indexes levels.

Effect of adequate amount of tranexamic acid before operation on blood loss and safety in posterior lumbar fusion with multiple segments / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of adequate amount of tranexamic acid(TXA)before operation on blood loss and safety in posterior lumbar fusion with multiple segments. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on 105 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, submitted to our hospital for multilevel PLIF, from March 2017 to December 2019. According to the intervention method, they were divided into control group, group A and group B (n =30, 39 and 36, respectively). TXA was not used in the control group. Dripping of saline solution(100 mL) containing TXA 2g and 1g was given in Group A and Group B, and extra intravenous pumping of TXA [10 mg/(kg·h)] during surgery was conducted in Group B besides the pre-operation dripping of TXA. Total blood loss, dominant blood loss, recessive blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, transfusion rate and hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), prothrombin time international standardized ratio (PT - INR), platelet count (Plt), D - dimer (D - D), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil percentage (NP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after operation were compared in the three groups. Postoperative drug-related adverse events were traced. 【Results】 1)The total blood loss, dominant blood loss(mL), intraoperative blood loss(mL), drainage volume(mL) within and after 24h after surgery, and the transfusion rate(%) in group A and B were 892.6±193.5 vs 887.7±320.8, 409.1±109.2 vs, 408.6±98.3, 193.7±69.3 vs 189.6±65.6, 130.5±53.4 vs 128.3±53.5, 63.1±17.6 vs 60.9±13.5 and 7.7 (3/39) vs 8.3 (3/36), respectively, which were significantly lower than that in group C as 1 296.8±329.2, 807.6±231.5, 270.9±65.5, 365.4±127.8, 172.3±66.4 and 36.7(11/30), respectively (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences in the above indexes between group A and group B (P < 0.05). The differences in recessive blood loss was not significant by groups(P<0.05). 2) Compared with pre-operation, the levels of Hb, Hct and Plt in the three groups at 3d after operation decreased: Hb(g/L) 91.5±14.0, 107.6±16.4 and 105.9±17.1; Hct(%) 25.6±3.1, 31.2±3.9 and 30.5±4.4; Plt(×109/L)146.6±31.8, 172.8 ±40.1 and 169.7±39.5(P < 0.05); while D-D, CRP and NP increased: D-D(mmol/L)365.6±67.1, 280.9±50.5 and 286.1±53.1; CRP(mg/L): 65.4±22.0, 53.4±19.6 and 56.8±17.7; NP(%): 87.3±15.6, 73.1±13.7, and 71.9±11.8(P < 0.05), and Pt-INR, ALT and BUN showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). The changes of Hb, Hct, Plt, D-D, CRP and NP in group A and B were significantly lower than those in group C at 3 days after operation [Hb (g/L) : 107.6±16.4, 105.9±17.1, 91.5±14.0; Hct (%) : 31.2±3.9, 30.5±4.4, 25.6±3.1; Plt (×109/L) : 172.8 ±40.1, 169.7±39.5, 146.6±31.8; D-D (mmol/L) : 280.9±50.5, 286.1±53.1, 365.6±67.1; CRP (mg/L) : 53.4±19.6, 56.8±17.7, 65.4±22.0; NP (%) : 73.1±13.7, 71.9±11.8, 87.3±15.6] (P < 0.05), and no significant differences in the above index were noticed between group A and B(P> 0.05).3)No lower limb deep vein thrombosis nor pulmonary embolism were found in group A and group B after operation, and all the incisions were healed in the first stage, and no serious complications such as drug allergy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accident, epidural hematoma, epilepsy occurred. 【Conclusion】 The preoperative TXA administration with sufficient single dose showed equivalent hemostatic effect in comparison with intraoperative continuous administration additional to preoperative dripping, which is simple and convenient and does not increase the risk of thrombosis.