Hemangioma infantil. Reporte de un caso de presentacion clinica anular

Reportamos el caso clínico de un lactante menor con una presentación anular de hemangioma, que nos plantea dudas en su clasificación. Se precisan los diagnósticos diferenciales y la necesidad de la determinación del marcador GLUT 1 en hospitales públicos.

We report the clinical case of a young infant with an annular presentation of hemangioma, which raises doubts regarding its classification. Differential diagnoses and the need to determine the GLUT 1 marker in public hospitals are specified.

Atenolol oral comparado con propranolol oral para hemangioma infantil / Oral atenolol compared to oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma

Introducción El hemangioma infantil corresponde al tumor vascular benigno más frecuente de la infancia, con una incidencia de 3 a 10%. Entre los pacientes que requieren tratamiento el uso oral de propranolol, un betabloqueador no selectivo de tipo lipofílico, es usualmente considerado como la terapia de elección. Sin embargo, su uso se ha asociado a diversos efectos adversos, relacionados con su acción ß-2, y a su capacidad de cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica. Debido a esto, el uso oral de atenolol, un betabloqueador selectivo de receptores ß-1, de tipo hidrofílico, podría representar una alternativa válida de tratamiento. Sin embargo, aún existe controversia en relación con la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con atenolol como monoterapia, en comparación con el uso de propranolol como monoterapia para esta condición. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el tamizaje de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Se extrajeron los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, se analizaron los datos de los estudios primarios, se realizó un metanálisis y se preparó una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método , GRADE. Resultados Se identificaron nueve revisiones sistemáticas, que en conjunto incluyeron 10 estudios primarios y tres ensayos aleatorizados. Se incluyeron los tres ensayos aleatorizados en el análisis del presente trabajo. Conclusiones El uso de atenolol oral como monoterapia, comparado con el uso de propranolol oral como monoterapia, podría resultar en poca o nula diferencia en cuanto a la probabilidad de remisión completa, la disminución del , la probabilidad de recaída posterior al tratamiento y el riesgo de presentar efectos adversos y efectos adversos severos, en el hemangioma infantil (certeza de la evidencia baja).

Introduction Infantile hemangioma is the most frequent benign vascular tumor in childhood, with an incidence of 3 to 10%. When patients require treatment, oral propranolol, a non-selective lipophilic beta-blocker, is usually considered the therapy of choice. However, its use has been associated with several adverse events related to its ß-2 action and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Because of this, oral atenolol, a hydrophilic ß-1 receptor-selective beta-blocker, may represent a valid treatment alternative. Nonetheless, there is still controversy regarding the efficacy and safety of atenolol when compared with propranolol as monotherapy for this condition. Methods We searched Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health science, which is maintained by screening multiple sources of information, including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane, among others. Data were extracted from the identified reviews, data from the primary studies were analyzed, a meta-analysis was performed, and a summary table of the results was prepared using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. Results Nine systematic reviews were identified, including 10 primary studies and three randomized trials. The three randomized trials were included in the analysis of this investigation. Conclusion The use of oral atenolol compared with oral propranolol as monotherapies may result in little or no difference in terms of likelihood of complete remission, decrease in Hemangioma Activity Score, likelihood of post-treatment relapse, and risk of adverse events and severe adverse events, in infantile hemangioma (low certainty of evidence).

Hemangioma infantil. Reporte de un caso de presentacion clinica anular / Infantile hemangioma. Report of a case of annular clinical presentation

Reportamos el caso clínico de un lactante menor con una presentación anular de hemangioma, que nos plantea dudas en su clasificación. Se precisan los diagnósticos diferenciales y la necesidad de la determinación del marcador GLUT 1 en hospitales públicos.

We report the clinical case of a young infant with an annular presentation of hemangioma, which raises doubts regarding its classification. Differential diagnoses and the need to determine the GLUT 1 marker in public hospitals are specified.

Progress in evidence-based research on the clinical treatment of infantile hemangioma and vascular malformations / 口腔疾病防治

@#Hemangiomas and vascular malformations are common clinical diseases. According to their clinical and imaging characterizations, the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) has systematically classified infantile hemangioma and vascular malformations, and the classification has been widely recognized and applied. To date, most vascular malformations involve the following important signaling pathways: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS/MAPK/ERK. This discovery has major impacts on the diagnosis and treatment of vascular malformations including the following: the understanding of the biology of vascular malformations has been increased; the understanding of vascular malformations based on genotype has been refined; and the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of vascular malformations has been promoted. Despite facing many challenges, with the development of gene sequencing, molecular biology and imaging technology, the relevance of vascular malformation classification and the accuracy of diagnosis are improving, and this is accompanied by innovations in surgical treatment and sclerotherapy, interventional embolization, and continuous progress in targeted therapy. At present, investigations on vascular malformations are mostly retrospective clinical studies or low-level clinical trials. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the treatment of infantile hemangioma, lymphatic malformation, venous malformation and arteriovenous malformation and to review the research progress in evidence-based treatment of infantile hemangioma and vascular malformation.

Role of propranolol in the management of infantile hemangioma

Background: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumor of infancy and childhood occurring 4-10% of all infants. It is more frequent in premature children (23% of infants <1200g) and females (3:1 to 5:1). For many hemangiomas treatment is not required, however hemangioma in some locations need treatment to prevent complication. The Present study was done with an Aim to assess the efficacy and safety of oral Propranolol in management of infantile heamangioma in our set-up.Methods: This study was conducted from May 2016 to Nov 2017 at Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi after obtaining Ethical permission. Patients having confirmed were recruited & admitted for initiation of Oral Propranolol therapy for 5 days under the observation of Paediatrician. Oral Propranolol treatment was continued till the age of 11/2 years. A clinical assessment was made at each visit to the Outpatients Clinic every four weeks.Results: The incidences of infantile hemangioma were more in age group (0-7 months) i.e 55% (22 patients) followed by age group of (8-15 days) i.e. 30% (12 patients). As age advances presentation gradually decreases as after 30 days incidence is only 5%. Infantile hemangioma were more common in females’ patients (55% patients) & mostly 90% (36 patients) present as single lesion and only 10% (4 patients) present as multiple lesions. Most of hemangiomas presented as reddish in color 80% (32 patients) which reflected lesions are mostly superficial & only 10% were brownish red and 10% skin color indicated incidence of deeper penetration.Conclusion: Authors found that drug (Propranolol) to be effective even at low dose of 1mg/kg/day. In our study group it was effective and safe in almost all patients.

Hemangioma infantil: actualización del tratamiento tópico y sistémico / Infantile hemangioma: an update in the topical and systemic treatments

Resumen Los hemagiomas infantiles (HI) son los tumores de tejidos blandos más frecuentes de la infancia. Se caracterizan por un crecimiento significativo durante los primeros meses de vida, seguido de una involución lenta y espontánea a lo largo de un periodo que puede durar algunos años. Usualmente, la regresión de la mayor parte del tumor termina a los 4 años de edad. Sin embargo, algunos de los HI desarrollan complicaciones, lo que resulta en alteraciones funcionales, dolor y desfiguramiento. La decisión de administrar tratamiento a un paciente con HI y elegir la mejor opción terapéutica para ese paciente (tratamiento tópico o sistémico) debe ser individualizada, dependiendo de varios factores: el tamaño de la lesión, la localización, la presencia de complicaciones como ulceración, el riesgo de cicatrización o desfiguramiento, la edad del paciente, la tasa de crecimiento o de involución al momento del diagnóstico, los riesgos y beneficios de administrar el tratamiento, la disponibilidad del medicamento, los costos y la experiencia del médico tratante.

Abstract Infantile hemagiomas (IH) are the most common soft tissue tumors in infancy. They are characterized by significant growth during the first months of life, followed by slow spontaneous involution over the ensuring years. The process of involution takes several years, but usually the regression of most of the tumors ends at 4 years of age. Unfortunately, some of the IH develop complications, resulting in functional impairment, pain and disfigurement. The decision to start treatment and the choice of the best therapeutic option (topic or systemic) should be individualized depending on several factors: the size of the lesion, the location, the presence of complications such as ulceration, the risk of scarring or disfigurement, the age of the patient, the rate of growth or regression at the time of diagnosis, the risks and benefits of the treatment, the availability of the medication, the costs, and the experience of the attending physician.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Oral Prednisolone with or without Propranolol in Treating Infantile Hemangioma Cases: A Clinical Institutional Based Study

Background: Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the mostcommon tumors of childhood. Systemic corticosteroids(prednisolone) have been the mainstay of treatment for IH, forseveral decades. Hence; we planned the present study toassess and compare the efficacy of oral prednisolone andpropranolol in regression of infantile hemangioma (IH).Materials & Methods: The present study included assessmentand comparison the efficacy of oral prednisolone andpropranolol in regression of IH. A total of 30 patients wereincluded in the present study. All the patients were randomlydivided into three study groups as follows: Group 1: Patientswho received oral prednisolone 5 mg/kg/day, Group 2: Patientswho received oral propranolol 3 mg/kg/day, and Group 3:Patients who received oral prednisolone 5 mg/kg/day andpropranolol 3 mg/kg/day simultaneously. We categorized casesas partial response in which there occurred a change in colorand consistency. All the results were analyzed by SPSSsoftware.Results: We observed significant results while comparing theresponse rates of the subjects of the group 1. However; wedidn’t observe any significant result, while comparing thetreatment response in subjects of group 2 and 3.Conclusion: In managing patients with IH, oral prednisolone isa viable and time tested therapeutic option. However; whenused either alone or in combination, prednisolone offers noother added benefits.

A Case of Lumbar Infantile Hemangioma (SACRAL Syndrome) Accompanied by Spinal Anomaly and Dermal Sinus / 대한피부과학회지

Infantile hemangioma (IH) usually presents solely as a cutaneous manifestation, and rarely accompanies diverse anomalies such as spinal dysraphism. A 2-month-old girl presented with IH on her lumbar skin as a coin-sized red plaque with adjacent depressed skin and a child-palm-sized red plaque on her left ankle since birth. Considering the coexistence of IH and depressed skin on the midline in her lumbosacral area, magnetic resonance imaging of her spine was performed, which showed intraspinal/dermal vascular tumors with spina bifida occulta at the 12th thoracic vertebrae level. Furthermore, no neurologic deficits were observed. She has been taking oral propranolol with topical timolol to prevent neural complications and the lesions clinically improved. However, additional surgery for the intraspinal lesions was considered due to urination/defecation abnormalities since she was 13 months of age. In cases of midline IH, particularly with additional skin lesions, appropriate imaging studies to identify accompanying anomalies should be performed, and referrals to neurosurgical specialists should be considered.

Advances in the treatment of infantile hemangioma with topical therapy / 中华整形外科杂志

The incidence of infantile hemangioma (IH) is relatively high, resulting in the necessity of early treatment. Topical medicine is safer than oral administration. This paper reviews the main topical drugs for IH and related mechanism, current situation and the prospect of topical beta blockers for IH.

Advances in intralesional injections for infantile hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

Intralesional injection is a common method among various therapeutic choices for the treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas. This article reviews the clinical application of intralesional injections for infantile hemangiomas, discusses indications for intralesional injection treatment and evaluates the safety and efficacy of different injected drugs.

Comparison of oral propranolol alone and combined with topical 0.5% timolol maleate cream for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate whether the combination of oral propranolol and topical 0.5% timolol maleate cream is more effective than oral propranolol alone for treating infantile hemangioma (IH).@*Methods@#From September 2015 to July 2016, 14 patients with proliferative IH, visited the infantile hemangioma outpatient clinic of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai 9th People′s Hospital, were enrolled in this study. All patients took oral propranolol. Half of each IH lesion was treated with 0.5% timolol maleate cream. There were 5 male patients and 9 female patients, aged from 1.5 to 5.0 months. After 4 months of treatment, the color, size, extent, volume and the overall clinical outcomes of each lesion were measured, and the side effects were recorded. The therapeutic outcomes of oral propranolol alone and the combination of propranolol and timolol were analyzed and compared using Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank nonparametric tests.@*Results@#Both oral propranolol alone and oral propranolol combined with topical 0.5% timolol maleate cream were proved to effectively improve the regression of IH with minor side effects. The color VAS score of oral propranolol alone group was 6.92±2.63, while the combination group was 6.88±2.33 (Z=0.043, P=0.966). The volume VAS score of oral propranolol alone group was 6.94±2.00, while the combination group was 6.98±2.11(Z=-0.051, P=0.959).@*Conclusions@#Oral propranolol combined with topical application of 0.5% timolol maleate could not increase the efficacy in the treatment of IH, compared with oral propranolol alone in the short-term observation.

Hemangioma mamario en una lactante con aparente mastitis: Caso clínico / Mammary hemangioma in an infant with apparent mastitis: Case report

La patología mamaria en pediatría es infrecuente. El hallazgo de una masa a nivel mamario en un lactante es una situación poco común. Los posibles diagnósticos a esta edad son absceso mamario, mastitis, ingurgitación mamaria por estimulación hormonal materna y hemangioma. Es importante llegar al diagnóstico adecuado para emplear un tratamiento acorde y evitar la aparición de complicaciones de dichas patologías. Se presenta un caso de una lactante con una masa en la mama derecha detectada desde el nacimiento. Inicialmente, se trató como una mastitis, pero dada la mala evolución, se plantearon diagnósticos diferenciales y se concluyó que se trataba de un hemangioma. Debido a la ulceración de la lesión, junto con el riesgo existente de desarrollar hipoplasia mamaria, se decidió iniciar tratamiento con propanolol, con resolución casi completa de la tumoración.

Mammary pathology is infrequent during childhood. It is rare the probability of finding a breast mass in an infant. The most frequent possible diagnoses at this age are breast abscess, mastitis, breast engorgement due to maternal hormonal stimulation and hemangioma. Reaching the proper diagnosis is essential in order to apply a suitable treatment and avoid the potential disease complications. We present the case of a female infant having a mass in the right breast from birth. Initially the entity was treated as mastitis. Nevertheless, the bad evolution made necessary considering the differential diagnosis. It was concluded to be a hemangioma. Due to the lesion ulceration and the potential risk of developing breast hypoplasia, treatment with propranolol was started. The tumor was almost completely resolved.

Role of N6-methyladenine DNA modification in the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate whether N6-methyladenine DNA(6-mA DNA) modification is related to the occurrence of infantile hemangiomas (IH) at the epigenetic level.@*Methods@#The genomic 6-mA DNA data were obtained by MeDIP and high-throughput sequencing. The 6-mA DNA methylation levels in 3 proliferative hemangioma specimens and adjacent skin tissues were compared by u-test. The functional differences of 6-mA modified genes were analyzed by GO analysis.@*Results@#The level of 6-mA DNA modification in IH tissue was higher. The coverage of 6-mA Peaks in the genome was 0.037% in the tumor tissue, and the coverage of 6-mA Peaks in the surrounding skin tissue was 0.013% in the genome. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (u=5999.87, P=0.00). The gene functions of differentially 6-mA modified genes in tumors were enriched in mesoderm development, stem cell differentiation, mesenchymal development, and cell cycle. These gene functions were closely related to the pathogenesis of IH.@*Conclusion@#Abnormal 6-mA DNA modification may be one of the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma.

Clinical efficacy of dye laser combined with Xin'an repair solution in the treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of dye laser combined with Xin'an repair solution in the treating superficial infantile hemangioma(IH). Methods 100 patients with superficial IH were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group received dye laser combined with Xin'an re-pair solution,while the control group was treated only with dye laser.The clinical efficacy and the rate of complica-tions after treatment were compared between the two groups,and the different efficacy between the head neck group and the non head neck group in the observation group was further analyzed. Results The total effective rate of the observation group(90%)was significantly higher than the control group(70%),and the difference was sta-tistically significant(P<0.05).The rate of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(6%vs.32%,P<0.05).In the observation group,the total effective rate of head neck group was better than that the non head neck group(P<0.05). Conclusion Dye laser combined with Xin'an repair so-lution is effective in the treatment of superficial IH,and it can significantly reduce complications.It is evidently ef-fective for head and neck superficial IH.

Role of EGFL-7 mediated promoting angiogenesis effect in infantile hemangioma and intervention analysis / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the role of EGFL-7 mediated promoting angiogenesis effect in infantile hemangioma and in-tervention measures.Methods Fifty paraffin tissue specimens from infantile hemangioma in this hospital from February 2013 to March 2016 were collected and divided into the hyperplasia stage group,fading stage group and fading complete stage group accord-ing to the different pathological stages.The tissue samples conducted HE staining.The EGFL-7 generation situation in the patho-logical sample was detected.Thirty cases of hyperplasia stage hemangioma treated at the same period were selected as the research subjects.The propranolol intervention treatment was adopted.The EGFL-7 expression changes in serum and urine were detected before and after treatment.Results In the tissue section of hyperplasia stage hemangioma,the lumen was not obvious,the vascular structure was disorder with large nucleus,deep staining,disordered arrangement of endothelial cells.The expression of EGFL-7 in the hyperplasia stage and fading stage was higher than that in the fading complete stage group and normal skin,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The EGFL-7 expression difference between the fading complete stage and normal skin had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Serum and urine EGFL level after propranolol intervention in hemangioma infants was lower than that before treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The EGFL-7 level is significantly decreased after propranolol intervention,which may become the important mechanism of hemangioma intervention.

Usage and efficacy of timolol maleate eye drops in treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To determine drug dose and usage of timolol maleate eye drops in the treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma.Methods:A total of 250 superficial hemangioma infants were recruited and assigned into 5 groups (n=50 for each group):an external application group and 4 exterior coating groups (2,4,6,8 times per day).We evaluated the therapeutic effect of different methods for drug application (external application or exterior coating) and the frequency for drug administration on superficial infantile hemangioma.Results:The external application group (twice a day and 0.5 hour per time) showed better effect than that in the exterior coating group with twice a day (P＜0.001).The difference in therapeutic effect between the exterior coating group with 6 times a day and exterior coating group with twice a day or with 3 times a day was significant (P＜0.001).The differences in drug efficacy were not found among the exterior coating group with 6 times a day,the exterior coating group with 8 times a day,or the external application group with twice a day (All P＞0.05).Conclusion:Drug dose may affect the therapeutic effect oftimolol maleate eye drops in superficial hemangioma infants,and exterior coating with 6 times a day may achieve the best curative effect.

Roles of Notch signal pathways in propranolol inhibiting infantile hemangioma-derived pericyte / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the roles of Notch signal pathways in propranolol inhibiting hemangioma-derived pericyte(PCs) in order to improve the therapeutic mechanism of propranolol and provide new targets for its clinical treatment.@*Methods@#The specimens of proliferative hemangioma were obtained from operation. Cell suspension was prepared after incubation and digestion. Then a-SMA positive PCs were sorted out by flow cytometry and sub-cultured. Propranolol in different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μmol/L) was added into PCs solution and cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. And CCK-8 culture and BrdU labeling solutions were added. Activity and proliferation of PCs before and after intervention of propranolol were respectively tested. The level of mRNA of Notch3 and Hes1 in PCs before and after intervention of propranolol were detected by RT-PCR. All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Single factor analysis of variance and paired data t test were used.@*Results@#The rate of a-SMA positive cells was 98.0%. The longer incubation time, the more marked inhibitions of cell activity and proliferation after propranolol dosing. The inhibition of cell activity and proliferation were significant at a propranolol concentration of 40 μmol/L. Experimental group of cell activity(0.17±0.05) is compared to control group(0.53±0.03) with paired data t test, t value=3.502. Similarly, experimental group of cell proliferation(301.66±28.71) is compared to control group(498.66±56.09) with paired data t test, t value=7.425.And significant differences existed between them and those of control group (P<0.05), especially at 72 h. Gene expressions of Notch3 and Hes1 increased with rising propranolol concentrations.@*Conclusions@#One therapeutic mechanism of propranolol to infantile hemangioma may be achieved by pericytes. Propranolol can inhibit the growth of infantile hemangioma by inhibiting proliferation of pericytes which is closely related to activated Notch signal pathways.

The angiographic characteristics and transcatheter arterial embolization therapy of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the angiographic characteristics of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) and study the value of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in KMS therapy. Methods The clinical data of 36 infants with KMS treated between June 2010 and June 2016 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. All infants performed angiography and TAE therapy. These angiographic characteristics were analyzed by comparing with infantile hemangioma(IH).The times of TAE and the level of platelet after TAE therapy were observed. Results The angiographic characteristics of KMS were as follows: The capillary blush of KMS were ill defined with no-uniform distribution. There were a lot of very fine feeding arteries. The diameter of feeding artery was disproportionate to the volume of tumor blush because the feeding arteries were too small or fine. Normal artery was usually embedded in tumor blush. However, the angiographic characteristics of IH were different as follows:the capillary blush of IH were well defined with uniform distribution.There were about 1-4 feeding arteries.The diameter of feeding artery was proportional to the volume of tumor blush. Normal artery was not embedded in tumor blush. Tumor blush was usually located beside the normal artery. In 36 patients, 107 embolization treatments were performed. The platelet declined for 11 times and increased for 96 times after TAE therapy. The platelet count for these 96 cases increased to ≥100×109/L at(7.1 ± 2.4)days following therapy. However, the platelet level fluctuated thereafter and the average relapse time was(45.9 ± 21.8)days. All cases were followed-up ranging from 6 months to 2 years and finally received other therapies.Eight cases were cured and the other 28 cases were improved. Conclusions The angiographic characteristics of KMS are different from common infantile hemangioma. It is difficult to embolize the feeding arteries of KMS because there are a lot of very fine feeding arteries.TAE may rapidly improve the level of platelets while the long term effect was poor.It might be better to combine TAE with other medical therapies to treat KMS.

Prevalencia de las anomalías vasculares en niños menores de cinco años del municipio Cerro / Prevalence of vascular anomalies in children aged less than five years in Cerro municipality

Introducción: las anomalías vasculares son motivo frecuente de consultas en la infancia; en Cuba se desconoce su prevalencia de las mismas, así como las conductas tomadas y las complicaciones que aparecen en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de las anomalías vasculares en niños menores de cinco años del municipio Cerro. Métodos: estudio descriptivo exploratorio intencionado de corte transversal con técnica de muestreo aleatorio simple, en el período entre septiembre de 2013 a febrero de 2014. Se requirió una muestra de 312 niños de los 5 343 que conformaron el universo de estudio. La tasa de prevalencia se expresó por cada 1 000 niños. Resultados: se identificaron tres pacientes del sexo femenino con antecedentes patológicos familiares y personales de hemangioma. Se encontró que la tasa de prevalencia fue de 9,6 × 1 000 niños. El cuero cabelludo fue el sitio más afectado con el 66,7 por ciento (n= 2). No se constataron complicaciones en ninguno de los casos. Solo una paciente recibió tratamiento con esteroides sistémicos (n= 1; 33,4 por ciento). Conclusión: la tasa de prevalencia encontrada (9,6 × 1 000) de las anomalías vasculares en niños menores de cinco años pertenecientes al municipio Cerro es similar a la registrada mundialmente. Su mayor frecuencia se encuentra en el sexo femenino(AU)

Introduction: vascular anomalies are frequent reason for going to the doctor's in children, but their prevalence, behaviors to be followed and the complications at pediatric ages barely known in Cuba. Objective: to determine the prevalence of vascular anomalies in children aged less than five years in Cerro municipality. Methods: intentional cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study performed with simple random sampling technique, in the period from September 2013 to February 2014. The final sample was 312 children out of a study universe of 5 343 ones. The prevalence rate was estimated per 1 000 children. Results: three female patients were found to have personal and family history of hemangioma, the prevalence rate was 9.6 per 1 000 children. The scalp was the most affected area with 66.7 percent (n= 2). No complications were observed. Just one patient was treated with systemic steroids (n= 1; 33.4 percent). Conclusions: the prevalence rate for vascular anomalies in children less than five years old was 9.6 per 1 000 children in Cerro municipality, which is similar to that reported worldwide. It is more frequent in females(AU)

Expression of beta 2 adrenergic receptor in infantile hemangiomas tissue / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To detect the expression of beta 2 adrenergic receptor in the infantile hemangiomas (IH) tissue and to explore its role in the pathological evolution of infantile hemangiomas as well.Methods 48 cases of infantile hemangioma were divided into two groups.29 cases were in the proliferating period,while the other 19 cases were in non-proliferating period.By using immunofluorescence technology,the endothelial nuclei and beta 2 adrenergic receptor of the IH tissue were marked by fluorescent tags,respectively,in two groups.The location of fluorescent labeling was shown in photos.By using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software,we analyzed and compared the average fluorescence intensity of endothelial cell nucleus and beta 2 adrenergic receptors in these two groups.Results Beta 2 adrenergic receptors were widely expressed in IH tissue,especially in endothelial cell nucleus shown in fluorescent images.The average fluorescence intensity of endothelial cell core in proliferating IH group was 0.031 ±0.002,which was much higher than that of fading period IH group (0.022±0.002).There was significant statistical different (P＜0.05).The average fluorescence intensity of beta 2 adrenergic receptor in proliferating IH group was 0.035± 0.003,which was much higher than that of fading period IH group (0.028± 0.002).There was significantly statistical different between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions Beta 2 receptors are widely expressed in the endothelial cells of infantile hemangioma.