ABSTRACT
There is a bidirectional interactive relationship between heavy metals and intestinal microorganisms. Single exposure to common heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, etc.) may cause intestinal microecological damage and related diseases by losing the diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms. However, heavy metals in the environment are usually mixed exposure and an overall toxic effect is presented. Published studies have suggested a synergistic effect between most heavy metals, so the impact of mixed exposure on intestinal microorganisms is expected to be more significant than that of single exposure. Intestinal microorganisms are the first line of defense against heavy metals entering the body, and can reduce inflammation and oxidation caused by heavy metals via changing protein synthesis, intestinal PH, enzyme activity, etc. At the same time, the colonization of oral probiotics in the intestinal tract has a significant detoxification effect on heavy metals entering the body through synergy with intestinal microorganisms, which can promote the elimination of heavy metals, reduce the production of oxides and inflammatory mediators, reverse the changes in the relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms, and then reduce the damage of heavy metals to intestinal microecology. Therefore, probiotics may have better prospects than traditional heavy metal antidotes. In the future, more in-depth research on the mechanism of bidirectional interactive relationship between heavy metals and intestinal microorganisms is needed to provide new ideas for clinical heavy metal detoxification.
ABSTRACT
There are a large number of microbial communities in human intestine， which play an important role in many physiological processes of the body. It has been found that intestinal microorganisms can act on brain diseases through brain-gut axis mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the mechanism of intestinal microorganisms in schizophrenia， bipolar disorder and depression， and to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
ABSTRACT
Abstract@#As the largest human microecosystem, intestinal microorganisms participate in human material and energy metabolisms and pose a significant impact on human health. Diabetes mellitus is likely to cause imbalance of abundance and component alterations in intestinal microorganisms, and reduce the diversity and balance, leading to intestinal microflora dysregulation. It has been shown that intestinal microflora dysregulation may promote diabetes development and progression through the reduction of intestinal microbial metabolites, inflammatory reaction and insulin resistance. This review summarizes the involvement of intestinal microorganisms in the pathogenesis of diabetes through metabolites including short-chain fatty acid, bile acid and lipopolysaccharide, and describes the current status of intestinal microorganisms-mediated treatments for diabetes, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the researches on diabetes and intestinal microorganisms.
ABSTRACT
Protoberberine alkaloids belong to the quaternary ammonium isoquinoline alkaloids, and are the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, like Coptis chinensis. They have been widely used to treat such diseases as gastroenteritis, intestinal infections, and conjunctivitis. Studies have shown that structural modification of the protoberberine alkaloids could produce derivative compounds with new pharmacological effects and biological activities, but the transformation mechanism is not clear yet. This article mainly summarizes the researches on the biotransformation and structure modification of protoberberine alkaloids mainly based on berberine, so as to provide background basis and new ideas for studies relating to the mechanism of protoberberine alkaloids and the pharmacological activity and application of new compounds.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Berberine , Berberine Alkaloids , Biotransformation , CoptisABSTRACT
Based on intestinal microorganism, this paper reviews the etiology, characteristics, and relative effective treatments of three common gastrointestinal diseases, namely diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. The treatments include Chinese materia medica and microbiological agents, which have been proved to be safe and effective in clinic. The article aims to explore the role and mechanism of Chinese materia medica and microecological preparations in gastrointestinal diseases by taking diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome as examples, and to provide a reference for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases more reasonably and effectively.
ABSTRACT
Translational medicine is a new research system for rapid translation from basic research achievement to clinical treatment. This article summarized the research progress in the field of translational medicine in the recent months, and carried out an inventory of the frontier from important journals (such as Nature, Science, J Clin Invest, Nat Genet, Cell, Eur Heart J) in order to provide references for scientists and doctors, and promote the translation from basic medicine to clinical diagnosis and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Translational medicine is a new research system for rapid translation from basic research achievement to clinical treatment. This article summarized the research progress in the field of translational medicine in the recent months, and carried out an inventory of the frontier from important journals (such as Nature, Science, J Clin Invest, Nat Genet, Cell, Eur Heart J) in order to provide references for scientists and doctors, and promote the translation from basic medicine to clinical diagnosis and treatment.