Effects of ferrocene position isomerization on the self-assembly behavior and antibacterial effect of coupled cationic peptides / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To design the two isomers of ferrocene （Fc）-coupled cationic peptides （hereinafter referred to as “peptides”） [Fc-K（C8）FFHK and C8-K（Fc） FFHK] and the control peptide [C8-K（C8）FFHK]， and to explore the effects of Fc position isomerization on the self-assembly behavior and antibacterial effect of peptides. METHODS All isomerized peptides were prepared by standard solid-phase synthesis and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of the peptide was analyzed by using UV spectrophotometry to detect UV absorption spectra， and Zeta potential analyzer to determine Zeta potential. The secondary structure was characterized by circular dichroism spectrum （CD）， Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR）， thioflavin T （ThT） fluorescence spectrum and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The differences in antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of the 2 kinds of isomerized peptides were evaluated by in vitro reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation test， growth curve determination test， plate method， cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis test. RESULTS Three peptides with purity higher than 95% were synthesized. The stability test results showed that the UV absorption spectra of Fc-K（C8）FFHK and C8-K（Fc）FFHK remained almost unchanged when placed at room temperature for 24 and 96 hours， and their Zeta potential were decreased by 0.3 mV and 0.5 mV， respectively. Secondary structure characterization results showed that Fc-K（C8）FFHK and C8-K（Fc）FFHK were self-assembled to form twisted nanoribbons and short nanofibers， respectively； C8-K（C8）FFHK was assembled into cylindrical nanofibers. The optical spectrum results showed that there were certain differences in the content of structures such as β-sheet and α-helix. The in vitro ROS generation test results showed that ROS generation efficiency of Fc-K（C8）FFHK at pH 6.0 was higher than C8-K（Fc）FFHK. The results of in vitro antibacterial activity showed that for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus， both the isomeric peptides had similar minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） values of 50 μg/mL which were far lower than the control peptide （400 μg/mL）. To Escherichia coli， Fc-K（C8）FFHK had better antibacterial activity than C8-K（Fc）FFHK. Finally， cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis test results showed that both isomeric peptides had good biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS By wangjingwen8021@163.com coupling Fc， the antibacterial activity of cationic self-assembled peptides can be improved. Regulating the position of Fc in the peptide sequence could regulate the self-assembly behavior and antibacterial effect of the self-assembled peptides.

Improving the position specificity of Themomyces lanuginosus lipase based on semi-rational design / 生物工程学报

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an intermediate product in lipid metabolism and plays an important physiological role in human body. It is mainly prepared by hydrolyzing lipid with lipase. However, research on the detection method of 1, 2-diacylglycerol (1, 2-DAG) and 1, 3-diacylglycerol (1, 3-DAG) and catalytic specificity of lipase was not enough, which limits its wide application. To address these challenges, an efficient quantitative detection method was first established for 1, 2-DAG (0.025-0.200 g/L) and 1, 3-DAG (0.025-0.150 g/L) by combining supercritical fluid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector and optimizing the detection and analysis parameters. Based on the molecular docking between Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) and triolein, five potential substrate binding sites were selected for site-specific saturation mutation to construct a mutation library for enzyme activity and position specificity screening. The specificity of sn-1, 3 of the I202V mutant was the highest in the library, which was 11.7% higher than the specificity of the wild type TLL. In summary, the position specificity of TLL was modified based on a semi-rational design, and an efficient separation and detection method of DAG isomers was also established, which provided a reference for the study of the catalytic specificity of lipase.

Situs ambiguous and hepatic vein anomaly: a case report / Situs ambiguous y anomalía de la vena hepática: informe de un caso

SUMMARY: Situs ambiguous is the placement of vessels and organs in the thoracoabdominal space that are anatomically located outside its normal position in a certain order. This condition is a broad definition that includes many variations. In this case report, we reported a patient with Situs ambiguus with an abnormal hepatic vein who was diagnosed incidentally during medical imaging (computed tomography, sonography and MRI study).

RESUMEN: El Situs ambiguous es la colocación de vasos y órganos en el espacio toracoabdominal que anatómicamente se encuentran fuera de su posición normal en un cierto orden. Esta condición es una definición amplia que incluye muchas variaciones. En este reporte de caso, reportamos un paciente con Situs ambiguous con una vena hepática anormal que fue diagnosticado incidentalmente durante un estudio de imagen médica (tomografía computarizada, ecografía y resonancia magnética).

Síndrome de heterotaxia: hallazgos tomográficos / Heterotaxy syndrome: tomographic findings

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar los aspectos tomográficos relevantes en el síndrome de heterotaxia, mediante cuatro pacientes que ejemplifican los hallazgos más frecuentes en esta patología. Situs solitus es la disposición habitual de los órganos y vasos sanguíneos y situs inversus se refiere a la imagen en espejo del situs solitus. Cuando la disposición de los órganos es indeterminada e impredecible y no se corresponde con el situs solitus ni el situs inversus, estamos frente al situs ambiguus o síndrome de heterotaxia, espectro de anomalías poco frecuente en las relaciones de los órganos toracoabdominales. Puede acompañarse de isomerismo derecho o isomerismo izquierdo. Clasificarlo en dos subgrupos es habitualmente difícil, ya que ninguno de estos tiene hallazgos únicos y patognomónicos, sino que existe amplia superposición. Ambos son de mal pronóstico, en los casos de isomerismo izquierdo un 5-10% llegan a la edad adulta, siendo de peor pronóstico los casos de isomerismo derecho, debido a que presentan inmunodepresión secundaria a la asplenia y cardiopatías congénitas más severas. Se debe analizar cada caso de forma individualizada y detallada para establecer el diagnóstico, determinar la asociación lesional y establecer aquellos pacientes que presenten mayor riesgo de complicaciones.

Abstract The objective of this brief communication is to characterize the relevant tomographic aspects in the heterotaxy syndrome, by means of 4 patients that exemplify the most frequent findings in this pathology. Situs solitus is the usual arrangement of organs and blood vessels and situs inversus refers to the mirror image of situs solitus. When the arrangement of the organs is indeterminate and unpredictable and does not correspond to situs solitus or the situs inversus, we are facing the situs ambiguus or heterotaxy syndrome, abnormal spectrum of anomalies in the relations of the thoracoabdominal organs. It may be accompanied by right isomerism or left isomerism. Attempts to classify it into two subgroups are usually difficult since none of these has unique and pathognomonic findings, but rather there is broad overlap. Both are of poor prognosis, in the cases of left isomerism 5-10% reach adulthood, with a worse prognosis being the cases of right isomerism due to the fact that they have immunodepression secondary to asplenia and more severe congenital cardiopathies. Each case should be analyzed in an individualized and detailed manner to establish the diagnosis, determine the lesional association and establish those patients that present a higher risk of complications.

A Case of Residual Atrial Septal Defect with Left Atrial Isomerism Requiring Reoperation 37 Years after the First Operation / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 47-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for management of dyspnea. She had undergone surgery for an atrial septal defect (ASD) at the age of 17. Computed tomography revealed left isomerism, inferior vena cava interruption with azygos continuation and a residual ASD. Intra-operative findings showed that the residual ASD was positioned across the orifice of the hepatic vein. The previous suture line could be identified in the partially-closed atrial septum above the residual defect. Re-closure was performed without difficulties, and the patient's condition was good at discharge. Closure of ASD is a simple and basic procedure in cardiac surgery but care must be taken not to leave a shunt at the lower part of the defect, especially in cases with ASD defects in the lower margin.

The application value of Juxtaposition of the great vessels in diagnosis of right atrial isomerisim / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To assess the application value of juxtaposition of the great vessels in diagnosis of right atrial isom-erism( RAI) by echocardiography.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 73 patients with right atrial isomerism in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from 2010-2017.All these patients were performed by echocardiography and compu-ted tomography(CT).We used the results of CT as the golden standard.Results 73 cases of RAI were diagnosed by CT.60 cases of RAI were diagnosed by echocardiography.Juxtaposition of the descending aorta(DAO) and inferior vena(IVC) was demonstrated in all these 60 patients.29 of 60 were on the left side of the spine(39.73％).31 of 60 were on the right side of spine(42.47％).In the other 13 patients of echocardiography missed diagnosis, the arrangement of the great vessels was nor-mal in 10 cases, and inverse in 3 cases.Conclusion Juxtaposition of the great vessels is one of the most important findings in patients with RAI.It is quick and simple and has a higher application value in diagnosis of RAI.

Autopsy findings of a child with left atrial isomerism associated with pulmonary agenesis / Achados de autópsia de uma criança com isomerismo atrial esquerdo associado à agenesia pulmonar

ABSTRACT Isomerism is a rare laterality defect. Our aim was to describe the autopsy findings of a child with left atrial isomerism (LAI) and pulmonary agenesis (PA), an association still not described in the literature. Fetal ultrasound revealed right renal agenesis, single umbilical artery and polyhydramnios. Echocardiography revealed a complex heart defect with LAI. The child died minutes after birth. Autopsy confirmed the prenatal findings and revealed the presence of unilateral PA, complex vascular abnormalities and polysplenia. Despite its rarity, health professionals should be aware for the possibility of such an association.

RESUMO O isomerismo é um defeito de lateralidade raro. Nosso objetivo foi descrever os achados da autópsia de uma criança com isomerismo atrial esquerdo (IAE) e agenesia pulmonar (AP), uma associação ainda não descrita na literatura. A ultrassonografia fetal revelou agenesia renal direita, artéria umbilical única e polidrâmnio; a ecocardiografia apresentou defeito cardíaco complexo com IAE. A criança morreu minutos após o nascimento. A autópsia confirmou os achados pré-natais e revelou a presença de agenesia pulmonar unilateral, anormalidades vasculares complexas e polisplenia. Apesar de sua raridade, profissionais da saúde devem estar cientes da possibilidade dessa associação.

Flavonols and sesquiterpenoids from outer bark and leaves of Croton polycarpus Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) / Flavonoles y sesquiterpenoides de la corteza y hojas de Croton polycarpus Benth. (Euphorbiaceae)

Some known flavonols from the outer bark polar fraction of the native species Croton polycarpus Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) were isolated and quercetin, quercitrin and rutin were identified as the most abundant constituents. From this sample, a clean TLC non polar sub- fraction (A-1) obtained by CC, afforded several isomeric compounds, which were characterized by GC-MS/EI and its results conduct to a group of eighteen sesquiterpenoids with a unique Rf value in TLC; among them, one sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with molecular weight (MW) of 200 g/mol (C15H20), two with MW 202 g/mol,(C15H22), thirteen with a MW of 204 g/mol (C15H24) and two sesquiterpenols with MW 220 g/mol (C15H24O) were determined. From its fresh leaves essential oil obtained by two methods, hydro-distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction, other terpenoids were identified, where the first one process was more efficient (1.5% DM yield) than the last one, and it was selected for a pilot study. This is the first report about chemical composition of the native species C. polycarpus, and the analysis of sesquiterpene isomerism is very important to recognize its structural diversity and similar chemical behavior.

De la fracción polar de la corteza de la especie nativa Croton polycarpus, (Euphorbiaceae) se separaron algunos flavonoles y quercetina, quercitrina y rutina se identificaron como los constituyentes más abundantes. Desde una fracción apolar de esta muestra, se obtuvo por CC una fracción limpia en CCD (C-2), cuyo fraccionamiento por análisis por CGAR-EM/IE permitió determinar un grupo de 18 sesquiterpenoides mayoritarios los cuales presentan un valor único de Rf; entre estos se detectó un hidrocarburo de PM 200 (C15H20), dos derivados de PM 202 (C15H22), trece son hidrocarburos isómeros con PM 204 g/mol (C15H24) y dos terpenoles de PM 220 uma (C15H24O). De igual forma, de las hojas frescas se extrajo el aceite esencial, por dos métodos: hidrodestilación y extracción con CO2 supercrítico (SFE), y el primero de ellos fue el más eficiente (1,5% rendimiento en peso seco) por lo cual se seleccionó para el desarrollo de experimentos a escala de planta piloto. Este informe es la primera contribución al conocimiento de la composición química y la bioactividad de las hojas y corteza de la especie arbórea nativa Croton polycarpus (Euphorbiaceae) y el análisis de mezclas de sesquiterpenos isómericos es muy importante para reconocer la diversidad estructural y su similitud en polaridad y comportamiento químico.

Clinical Characteristics and Independent Factors Related to Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Left Isomerism

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We studied the results of patient management for left isomerism (LI) and sought to determine factors that may influence survival and prognosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 76 patients who were compatible with LI criteria between 1982 and 2014. RESULTS: Of the total study population, 29 patients (38.1%) had functional univentricular heart disease, 43 patients (56.5%) had cardiac anomalies suitable for biventricular hearts, and four patients (5.2%) had normal heart structure. Extracardiac anomalies were noted in 38.1% of the study population, including biliary atresia in 7.8% of all patients. Of the 25 patients who underwent Kawashima procedures, 24.0% developed pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs). During the median follow-up period of 11.4 years (range: 1 day to 32 years), 14 patients died. The 10-year, 20-year, and 30-year survival rates were 87%, 84%, and 76%, respectively. Preoperative dysrhythmia and uncorrected atrioventricular valve regurgitation were significantly associated with late death. There was no significant difference in the number of surgical procedures and in survival expectancy between patients in the functional single-ventricle group and in the biventricular group. However, late mortality was higher in functional single-ventricle patients after 18 years of age. CONCLUSION: Patients with LI need to be carefully followed, not only for late cardiovascular problems such as dysrhythmia, valve regurgitation, and the development of PAVFs, but also for noncardiac systemic manifestations.

Comparison of the prenatal ultrasound,autopsy and vascular cast in diagnosis of right atrial isomerism / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the value of prenatal ultrasound,autopsy and vascular cast in diagnosis of right atrial isomerism(RAI).Methods Forty cases diagnosed as RAI by prenatal ultrasound from May 2012 to May 2017 were analyzed.And the results of autopsy and vascular cast after odinopoeia were compared,then up the characteristics of RAI were summed.The feature of venous drainage was the point.Results For all the 40 cases,the relative position of magenblase,the cross section of aortaventralis, the cross section of inferior vena cava and umbilical vein were lost"C"shape view.In intracardiac anomalies magenblase and cardiac apex on the different sides accounted for 77.5%,the atrioventricular septal defect accounted for 67.5%,the right ventricle double outlet accounted for 65.0%,and pulmonary artery stenosis accounted for 52.5%.The major finding of venous drainage were:bilateral superior vena cava accounted for 52.5%,left inferior vena cava accounted for 60.0%,abnormal hepatic venous drainage accounted for 20.0%,pulmonary vein co-antrum accounted for 45.0%.Three cases of cardiac malformation and 4 cases of abnormal pulmonary venous drainage were misdiagnosed,and 4 cases of abnormal hepatic venous drainage were missed by prenatal ultrasound.Conclusions RAI always combines distinctive cardiac malformations and abnormal venous drainage.Prenatal ultrasound has significant diagnostic value.It's important to have further understanding about RAI through the feedback of autopsy and vascular cast.

CTA in diagnosis of congenital heart disease and related heterotaxy syndrome / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To evaluate the value of CTA in assessing congenital heart disease and related heterotaxy syndrome.Methods A total of 20 patients with congenital heart disease and heterotexy syndrome underwent CTA and 3-dimensional reconstructions.And intracardiac and extracardiac abnormalities were assessed.Results Three cases were left isomerism,two of which were bi-lobed left lungs and trilobed right lungs,and another one was bi-lobed lungs.The most common associated cardiovascular anomalies included single ventricle (n=2),atrial septal defect (n=2),ventricular septal defect (n=1),transposition of the great arteries (n=2),pulmonary artery stenosis (n=2),atresia (n=1),persistent left superior vena (n=1),no hepatic segment of inferior vena cava (n=1).The rest 17 cases were right isomerism.All of them were trilobed lungs.Associated cardiovascular anomalies included single ventricle (n=9),double outlet of right ventricle (n=2),endocardial cushion defect (n=6),atrial septal defect (n=10),patent foramen ovale (n=1),ventricular septal defect (n =8),transposition of the great arteries (n =14),pulmonary artery stenosis (n =16),atresia (n =1),pulmonary venous drainage (n=6),persistent left superior vena (n=7),no hepatic segment of inferior vena cava (n=2).Conclusion CTA can clearly show the structure of heart,great vessels,chest and abdomen which is a useful tool to accurately assess congenital heart disease and related heterotaxy syndrome for medical or surgical management.

Application of diversified teaching methods in teaching of Organic Chemistry / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The content of optical isomerism is the difficult point of organic chemistry teaching, and so case-based learning (CBL), theoretical-experimental integration teaching method and micro class teaching methods are tried to be used in classroom teaching according to the actual teaching situations. For CBL teaching method, the course is guided by the step of introduction-question-discussion and summary-exten-sions; For theoretical-experimental integration teaching method, combined with the theory class, the two experiments including the determination of optical rotation and organic molecular model are set for the opti-cal isomer content, to enhance the students' understanding of theoretical knowledge through the hands-on operation;For micro class teaching method, the key and difficult points of this chapter are dug out and about 10 minutes of video are recorded by using common video software before class, which are introduced in the classroom or provided to students after class for repeated watching, to deepen the students' understanding of the concept and phenomenon of optical isomers. In brief, it is important to combine various teaching method to improve the classroom instructing effectively and stimulate the students' interest in organic chemistry.

Flúter auricular en paciente con isomerismo izquierdo yvena cava inferior izquierda interrumpida / Atrial flutter in a patient with left isomerism and left-sided inferior venacava interruption

Se comunica la ablación de un flúter auricular con una longitud de ciclo de 260 ms en un paciente de 28 años con isomerismoizquierdo y vena cava inferior izquierda interrumpida. Mediante encarrilamiento, demostramos la participación del istmo suprahepáticotricuspídeoen el circuito de macroreentrada. Realizamos líneas de ablación con radiofrecuencia que detuvieron la arritmia primaria yculminó en ritmo de escape noda.

We report the ablation of an atrial flutter with a 260 ms cycle length in a 28-year-old patient with left isomerism and interrupted leftinferior vena cava. We showed the participation of the suprahepatic – tricuspid isthmus in the macro reentry circuit by the entrainmentmaneuver.

Results of surgical treatment for patients with heterotaxy syndrome and cardiac anomaly / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for patients with heterotaxy syndrome and cardiac anomaly.Methods From September 2008 to October 2013,34 patients with heterotaxy syndrome underwent 46 cardiac operations at Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center.22 were male,and 12 female.Mean age at operation was 22 months (4 months to 14 year).There were right atrial isomerism 24 cases,left atrial isomerism 10 cases.Only one had a single VSD,and others were all with complex cardiac anomaly,including complete atrioventricular canal defect 26 cases,tricuspid atresia 4 cases,mitral atresia 1 case,anomalous pulmonary venous connection 18 cases,pulmonary venous stenosis 4 cases,double superior vena cava 17 cases,and interrupted hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava 5 cases.Fontan procedure was performed in 5 patients,bidirectional Glenn in 13,Kawashima in 3,central shunt in 1,atrioventricular valve replacement in 5,and pulmonary artery banding in 5.Results There were 4 died during hospitalization.The follow-up duration was 1 month to 5 years.There were 2 died.The early to middle term mortality was 17.6％ (6/34).In the same period the mortality for 103 patients without heterotaxy syndrome underwent univentricular repair was 4.8％ (5/103).There was significant statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Right heart bypass operation remains the preferred palliative procedure for patients with heterotaxy syndrome,and the eraly and middle term results were satisfied.

Eficácia analgésica do uso da dextrocetamina intra-articular em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho / Analgesic efficacy of the intra-articular administration of S(+)- ketamine in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty / Eficacia analgésica del uso de la dextrocetamina intraarticular en pacientes sometidos a la artroplastia total de la rodilla

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) é associada a significativa dor pós-operatória. Muitos agentes de uso intra-articular (IA) têm sido empregados para analgesia pós-operatória com resultados inconsistentes. O enantiômetro cetamina S(+), a dextrocetamina, foi recentemente lançado comercialmente, com maior potência analgésica e menos efeitos indesejáveis do que a forma racêmica. Estudo prospectivo, experimental, aleatório e duplamente encoberto foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia analgésica do uso da dextrocetamina por via intra-articular em pacientes submetidos à ATJ primária. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 56 pacientes, alocados em três grupos: Grupo A (n = 19), que recebeu 0,25 mg.kg-1 de peso de dextrocetamina, diluído em 20 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9%; Grupo B (n = 17), 0,5 mg.kg-1 de peso diluído da mesma forma; e Grupo C (n = 20), somente 20 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9%, intra-articular, logo após o fim do procedimento e a colocação do dreno. Todos os pacientes tiveram acesso à terapia analgésica de resgate, sendo usada somente morfina endovenosa. Foram feitas avaliações 2, 6, 12 e 24 horas de pós-operatório, com mensuração da intensidade da dor pela Escala Analógica Visual (EAV), o uso da medicação de resgate pela avaliação do tempo decorrido entre a injeção intra-articular da solução e a primeira dose de resgate, o seu consumo total nas 24 horas e os efeitos adversos. RESULTADOS: Os grupos dextrocetamina obtiveram menores escores de dor quando comparados com a solução salina. A menor dose de dextrocetamina intra-articular (Grupo A: 0,25 mg.kg-1) usada resultou em melhores escores de dor e menos analgésico de resgate, com tempo de espera maior para sua solicitação. Os efeitos adversos foram infrequentes. Os resultados com menores escores de dor nos grupos que usaram a dextrocetamina são uma tend&eci+rc;ncia, pois não houve significância estatística entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, com essa amostra, o efeito analgésico da dextrocetamina IA não foi superior à solução salina no período pós-operatório da ATJ.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant postoperative pain. Many intra-articular (IA) agents have been used for postoperative analgesia with inconsistent outcomes. Ketamine's enantiomer S(+), S(+)- ketamine, was recently introduced commercially, with higher analgesic potency and less side effects than the racemic form. An experimental prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intra-articular S(+)- ketamine in patients undergoing primary TKA. METHOD: In total, 56 patients were evaluated and allocated into three groups: Group A (n = 19) received 0.25 mg.kg-1 of S(+)- ketamine diluted in 20 mL of saline solution 0.9%; Group B (n = 17) received 0.5 mg.kg-1 of S(+)- ketamine diluted in the same way; and Group C (n = 20) received only 20 mL of intra-articular saline 0.9%, immediately after surgery and drain placement. All patients had access to rescue analgesic therapy, with the use of intravenous morphine alone. Evaluations were made 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively, with measurement of pain intensity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), use of rescue medication by the evaluation of the time elapsed between the intra-articular injection of the solution and first dose of rescue, total consumption within 24 hours, and adverse effects. RESULTS: The S(+)- ketamine groups had lower pain scores compared with the saline group. The lowest dose of intra-articular S(+)- ketamine (Group A: 0.25 mg.kg-1) resulted in better pain scores and less rescue analgesia, with longer time to first request. Adverse effects were infrequent. The results with lower pain scores in groups using S(+)- ketamine are a trend, as there was no statistical significance between groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, with this sample, the analgesic effect of IA S(+)- ketamine was not superior to saline solution in the postoperative period of TKA.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La artroplastia total de la rodilla (ATR) está asociada a un significativo dolor postoperatorio. Muchos agentes de uso intraarticular (IA) han sido usados para la analgesia postoperatoria con resultados inconsistentes. El enantiómetro cetamina S(+), la dextrocetamina, recién fue lanzado comercialmente con una potencia analgésica y menos efectos indeseados que la forma racémica. Un estudio prospectivo, experimental, aleatorio y doble ciego se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia analgésica del uso de la dextrocetamina por vía intraarticular en pacientes sometidos a la ATR primaria. MÉTODO: Se evaluaron 56 pacientes divididos en tres grupos: Grupo A (n = 19), que recibió 0,25 mg.kg-1 de peso de dextrocetamina, diluido en 20 mL de solución fisiológica al 0,9%; Grupo B (n = 17) 0,5 mg.kg-1 de peso diluido de la misma forma; y Grupo C (n = 20), solamente con 20 mL de solución fisiológica al 0,9% intraarticular, inmediatamente después del término del procedimiento y de la colocación del drenaje. Todos los pacientes tuvieron acceso a la terapia analgésica de rescate, siendo usada solamente morfina endovenosa. Se evaluaron las 2, 6, 12 y 24 horas del postoperatorio, con la mensuración de la intensidad del dolor por la Escala Analógica Visual (EAV), el uso de la medicación de rescate por la evaluación del tiempo transcurrido entre la inyección intraarticular de la solución y la primera dosis de rescate, su consumo total a las 24 horas y los efectos adversos. RESULTADOS: Los grupos dextrocetamina obtuvieron menores puntajes de dolor cuando se les comparó con la solución salina. La menor dosis de dextrocetamina intraarticular (Grupo A: 0,25 mg.kg-1) usada, arrojó mejores puntajes de dolor y menos analgésico de rescate, con un tiempo de espera mayor para su solicitación. Los efectos adversos no fueron frecuentes. Los resultados con menores puntajes de dolor en los grupos que usaron la dextrocetamina son una tendencia, porque no hubo una significancia estadística entre los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio y con esa muestra, el efecto analgésico de la dextrocetamina IA no rebasó la solución salina en el período del postoperatorio de la ATR.

Anesthetic implications of total anomalous systemic venous connection to left atrium with left isomerism.

Total anomalous systemic venous connection (TASVC) to the left atrium (LA) is a rare congenital anomaly. An 11-year-old girl presented with complaints of palpitations and cyanosis. TASVC with left isomerism and noncompaction of LV was diagnosed after contrast echocardiogram and computed tomography angiogram. The knowledge of anatomy and pathophysiology is essential for the successful management of these cases. Anesthetic concerns in this case were polycythemia, paradoxical embolism and rhythm abnormalities. The patient was successfully operated by rerouting the systemic venous connection to the right atrium.

Comparison of the prenatal ultrasonic features between left and right isomerism / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To compare the prenatal ultrasonic characteristics between left and right isomerism as referring to autopsy outcomes.Methods Between November 2007 and July 2010,fetuses with isomerism that were confirmed by autopsy,were identified from 1200 prenatal ultrasonic scans.Their abnormal spectrums and ultrasonic features were analyzed and comparied between left and right isomerism.Results A total of 18 fetuses with right isomerism and 4 fetuses with left isomerism were detected and confirmed.The major findings of the right isomerism were;viscerocardiac heterotaxy (17,94%),anomalous pulmonary venous connection (16,89%),complete atrioventricular septal defect (15,83%),juxtaposition of the descending aorta and inferior vena cava(12,67%),left persistent superior vena cava (11,61%),right aortic arch (10,56%) and univentricle (10,56%).As for the left isomerism,all had viscerocardiac heterotaxy and interruption of inferior vena cave,three of them had heart block,complete atrioventricular septal defect and hypoplasia of aorta,two of them had univentricle.Conclusions Viscerocardiac heterotaxy,complete atrioventricular septal defect,univentricle are the most common anomalies detected.Right isomerism cases usually exist with anomalous pulmonary venous connection,juxtaposition of the descending aorta and inferior vena cava as well as right aortic arch.The left isomerism cases usually have interruption of inferior vena cave,heart block and hypoplasia of aorta.

Heterotaxy Syndrome

Heterotaxy is defined as an abnormality where the internal thoraco-abdominal organs demonstrate abnormal arrangement across the left-right axis of the body. This broad term includes patients with a wide variety of very complex cardiac lesions. Patients with heterotaxy can be stratified into the subsets of asplenia syndrome and polysplenia syndrome, or the subsets of heterotaxy with isomerism of the right atrial appendages and heterotaxy with isomerism of the left atrial appendages. Treatment of patients with isomerism is determined by the nature and severity of the associated cardiac and extracardiac lesions. Most cardiac operations for patients with isomerism are palliative in nature, since normal anatomy is rarely achieved and mortality rates remain high for patients with heterotaxy syndrome. Patients with left isomerism in general have less severe cardiac malformations than those with right isomerism and, hence, more chance of biventricular repair. For almost all patients with right isomerism, and for many with left isomerism, biventricular repair will not be feasible, and all palliative protocols are then staging procedures prior to a Fontan-type repair. Recent advances in medical management, and improvements in surgical techniques have resulted in improved survival for these patients, and the surgical outcomes are comparable to those with Fontan circulation irrespective of the presence or absence of heterotaxy.

Isolated and Complex Scimitar Vein Anomalies and Their Differentiation from the Meandering Right Pulmonary Vein

PURPOSE: Four pediatric patients with isolated (the adult form) and complex (the infantile form) scimitar vein anomalies were reviewed and compared with patients with meandering right pulmonary veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1990 to December 2006, 4 female patients, aged 2 days to 3.5 years, with isolated and complex scimitar vein anomalies were retrospectively studied. The clinical features, chest radiographs, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, computer tomography, bronchography, cardiac catheterization with angiography, surgery, and autopsy were reviewed to substantiate the diagnosis of isolated and complex scimitar vein anomalies. RESULTS: Clinical manifestations were lung infections with radiographic scimitar signs in 4 patients (3 right; 1 left), respiratory distress, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and/or cyanosis in 3 patients, dextrocardia, heterotaxy, and/or right atrial isomerism in 2 patients, as well as dextroversion, right bronchial isomerism, bronchial stenosis, and/or sepsis in 1 patient. Two patients with right atrial isomerism expired. CONCLUSION: The clinical discrimination between scimitar vein anomaly with and without cardiovascular and bronchopulmonary malformations is crucial for the outcomes vary.

Dextroisomerismo atrial en adultos: Estudio clínico-ecocardiográfico / Right atrial isomerism in adults: Clinical and echocardiographic study

La esencia del dextroisomerismo en el corazón es la presencia bilateral de atrios con orejuelas de morfología derecha. Generalmente forma parte de un grupo de cardiopatías congénitas complejas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es hacer una descripción de los hallazgos clínicos y ecocardiográficos en los pacientes con dextroisomerismo atrial que han sobrevivido a la vida adulta. Se estudiaron 11 pacientes adultos con cardiopatías congénitas complejas y dextroisomerismo. A todos los pacientes se les realizó historia clínica completa, ecocardiografía transtorácica y transesofágica. La clase funcional según New York Heart Association al inicio del estudio fue: I en un paciente, II en 5 y III en 5. Los estudios de laboratorio mostraron poliglobulia importante. En tres casos se encontraron cuerpos de Howell Jolly El electrocardiograma de superficie mostró marcapaso migratorio en el 54.5%. Seis (54.5%) pacientes estuvieron en dextrocardia y 5 (45.5%) en levocardia. Seis pacientes (54.5%) tuvieron defectos de la tabicación atrioventricular, 4 con doble entrada (36.4%) y uno con ausencia de conexión auriculoventricular derecha (9.1%). La conexión ventriculoarterial más frecuente fue la doble salida en 8 (72.76%). Seis casos tuvieron estenosis pulmonary uno atresia pulmonar. El retorno venoso pulmonar fue al lado izquierdo del atrio común en tres casos (27.2%), al lado derecho del atrio común en cuatro (36.4%), al techo del atrio común a través de un colector en 3 casos (27.4%) y vía vena vertical en uno (9.0%). Ninguno de ellos presentó obstrucción. Se encontró insuficiencia de la válvula atrioventricular en 7 casos (63.6%). Tres pacientes (27.3%) fueron llevados a cirugía para colocación de fístula. Su clase funcional mejoró. Se trata de una serie de casos en pacientes adultos con dextroisomerismo atrial y cardiopatías congénitas complejas que a pesar de ello llegaron a la vida adulta. La valoración clínica y ecocardiográfica nos permiten en la actualidad establecer el diagnóstico, tomar decisiones terapéuticas y hacer el seguimiento. Aún falta por determinar qué diferencias tendrán con el resto de la población cuando se presenten los padecimientos crónicos degenerativos.

The most important feature of right atrial isomerism in the heart is the presence of both atria with morphologically right atrial appendages. The main aim of this study was to do a description of clinical and echocardiographic findings in adult patients with right atrial isomerism. A total of eleven consecutive patients were identified with a diagnosis of right atrial isomerism and complex congenital heart disease. A complete clinical history and transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography were performed in all patients. Also a cardiac catheterization was realized in seven patients. The functional class according the New York Heart Association was I in one patient, II in 5 and III in 5. The laboratory studies showed severe polyglobulia. In 3 cases Howell-Jolly bodies were present. The electrocardiogram showed migratory pacemaker in the 54.5% of cases. The cardiac position was dextrocardia in six patients (54.5%) and levocardia in five (45.5%). Six patients (54.5%) had complete atrioventricular septal defects, 4 (36.4%) double inlet and one absence of a right atrioventricular connection (9.1%). The most frequent ventriculoarterial connection was double-inlet in 8 (72.76%) patients. In 4 cases hypopla-sia of the pulmonary artery was found. Six patients had severe pulmonary stenosis and one pulmonary atresia. The pulmonary venous drainage was into the left-sided atrium in 3 cases (27.2%), into the right-sided atrium in 4 (36.4%), into the midline of the atrium through a collector in 3 cases (27.4%) and by vertical vein in one (9.0%). Insufficiency of the atrioventricular valve was found in 7 cases (63.6%). Three patients (27.3%) went to surgery for implantation of a fistula. It is a series of adult patients with right atrial isomerism and complex congenital heart disease that survived to adult live. The clinical and echocardiographic assessment actually allows establishing the correct diagnosis, to take therapeutic decisions and to do the follow-up in all patients. Till now we could not yet determine the differences of these patients in relation to the general population when they develop chronic degenerative disease.