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1.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 607-611, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012581

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To understand the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in children’s medical institutions, analyze the existing problems, and propose relevant suggestions. METHODS The instructions for 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs commonly used in 20 tertiary children’s hospitals (centers) and 14 maternal and child health hospitals (centers) with regional representativeness in China were collected, and the information labeling of children’s medication in the instructions was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS There were only 7 kinds of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children, and the others were non-specific drugs for children. Among antitussive and expectorant drugs, tablets accounted for 18.00%, injections for 18.00%, and capsules for 4.00%. Among 100 antitussive and expectorant drugs, 72 (72.00%) labeled the usage and dosage for children, 63 (63.00%) labeled the medication items for children, 59 (59.00%) indicated the information of children in the precautions, and pharmacokinetic parameters for children were absent. Compared with imported antitussive and expectorant drugs or the drugs manufactured by joint ventures, there were many missing labeling of medication information for children with Chinese drugs. Among 63 kinds of drug instructions labeled with medication items for children, various instructions information had little guiding significance. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of labeling in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs for children, and the proportion of special drugs for children remains low. Pediatric drug information in the instructions has little guiding significance for pediatric medication. Relevant departments should further promote the completeness of pediatric medication information in the instructions of antitussive and expectorant drugs to ensure the rational use of children’s medication.

2.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 31(4): 128-134, 09-oct-2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1518867

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Food is a process that carries implicit socio-cultural elements in a specific historical moment. The changes in the diet caused an increase in problems of obesity and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Mexico. Measures have been taken through public policies that seek to reduce the effects of the consumption of foods with high energy value, one of them is the nutritional labeling of foods. Development: As the first axis, a sociohistorical reconstruction is developed around food labeling in Mexico as an initiative that is part of an international public policy to present nutritional information for the selection and consumption of food. In a second moment, an analysis is carried out from a critical position on the implementation and exercise of decision-making for the consumption of said products, since it is subject to a complex network of sociocultural and individual factors that determine and are determinants of styles. and frequency of consumption of the products. Conclusions: The new labeling with nutritional information is an information tool for the selection in food consumption to face the problem of overweight and obesity in Mexico. However, eating habits and practices respond to sociocultural and economic elements that are above healthy lifestyles and a culture of prevention. It is necessary to build and promote community participation-action that promotes tools such as nutritional labeling to make its objectives effective.


Introducción: la alimentación es un proceso que implica elementos socioculturales en un momento histórico concreto. México se encuentra en un problema de salud generalizado de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Ante esto se han tomado medidas mediante políticas públicas que buscan disminuir los efectos del consumo de alimentos de alto valor energético, una de ellas es el etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos. Desarrollo: como primer eje se desarrolla una reconstrucción sociohistórica en torno al etiquetado de alimentos en México como iniciativa que forma parte de una política pública internacional para presentar información nutricional para la selección y consumo de los alimentos. En un segundo momento se realiza un análisis desde un posicionamiento crítico sobre la implementación y el ejercicio de las tomas de decisión del consumo de dichos productos, ya que está sujeta a una compleja red de factores socioculturales e individuales que determinan y son determinantes de los estilos y frecuencia de consumo de los productos. Conclusiones: el nuevo etiquetado con información nutricional es una herramienta de información para la selección en el consumo de alimentos para enfrentar el problema de sobrepeso y obesidad en México. Sin embargo, los hábitos y prácticas de alimentación responden a elementos socioculturales y económicos que están por arriba de los estilos de vida saludable y una cultura de prevención. Es necesario construir y promover una participación-acción comunitaria que potencie las herramientas como el etiquetado nutricional para hacer efectivos sus objetivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Labeling/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Labeling/standards , Mexico
3.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 84(3)sept. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520013

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El consumo de alimentos transgénicos constituye un riesgo potencial para la salud. Sin embargo, en el Perú se carece de información actualizada y confiable sobre la presencia de transgénicos en los alimentos y sobre los datos pertinentes en su etiquetado; de igual manera sobre los alimentos que consumen los animales de abasto, cuyos productos van a ser ingeridos por el humano. Objetivo. Determinar la transgenicidad, mediante la detección del promotor 35S, en productos alimenticios industrializados de maíz para consumo humano y animal, que se comercializan en Lima y verificar sí en el etiquetado se menciona si contiene o no secuencias transgénicas. Métodos. Se analizaron 30 muestras de alimentos para consumo humano y 10 para consumo de animales de abasto; y se revisó el etiquetado. Para la extracción del ADN se utilizó el kit Dneasy Mericon Food, para la detección del P35S el método Real Time-PCR empleando el kit Mericon Screen 35S y para determinar la concentración de copias el kit Mericon Quant Mon 810. Resultados. Se detectó el P35S en el 66,66% de las muestras para consumo humano, y en el 90,00% de las muestras para consumo animal. En el etiquetado del 100% de las muestras para consumo humano y animal no se menciona si contiene o no componentes transgénicos. Conclusiones. La detección de contenido transgénico en la mayoría de los alimentos industrializados de maíz para humanos y animales evidencian la necesidad de su mención en el etiquetado y de la implementación de una política exigente en bioseguridad alimentaria.


Introduction. Consumption of transgenic foods constitutes a potential health risk. However, in Peru there is a lack of updated and reliable information on the presence of transgenics in food and on the relevant data on their labeling; in the same way about the food consumed by animals for supply, whose products are going to be ingested by humans. Objetive. To determine the transgenicity, through the detection of the 35S promoter, in industrialized corn food products for human and animal consumption, which are marketed in Lima and to verify if the labeling mentions whether or not it contains transgenic sequences. Methods. 30 food samples for human consumption and 10 for consumption by animals for production were analyzed; and the labeling was revised. The Dneasy Mericon Food kit was used for DNA extraction, the Real Time-PCR method for P35S detection using the Mericon Screen 35S kit, and the Mericon Quant Mon 810 kit to determine the copy concentration. Results. P35S was detected in 66,66% of the samples for human consumption, and in 90.00% of the samples for animal consumption. The labeling of 100% of the samples for human and animal consumption does not mention whether or not it contains transgenic components. Conclusions. The detection of transgenic content in the majority of industrialized corn foods for humans and animals demonstrates the need to mention them on the label and the implementation of a demanding policy on food biosafety.

4.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(3): 233-250, sept 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1518901

ABSTRACT

La región latinoamericana ha sido pionera en la implementación del etiquetado frontal de advertencia nutricional (EFAN), mismo que ha demostrado su eficacia y efectividad para identificar correctamente cuando un producto contiene cantidades excesivas de nutrientes asociados a Enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). Sin embargo, ningún país del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA); que incluye a Belice, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá y República Dominicana, lo ha adoptado. Por esta razón, el Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, convocó a un grupo de expertos de la academia y la sociedad civil con el objetivo de establecer una postura técnica, basada en la mejor evidencia científica, en relación al etiquetado frontal para los nutrientes críticos de alimentos y bebidas pre- envasados en la región centroamericana. Se presenta evidencia específica de la región del SICA que demuestran la superioridad del EFAN frente a otros etiquetados como las Guías Diarias de Alimentación (GDA), el semáforo y el Nutriscore para seleccionar opciones más saludables. Dentro del marco de los derechos de la niñez y de los consumidores, se brindan argumentos y se hace un llamado a los gobiernos para la pronta adopción del EFAN como una política costo-efectiva para la prevención de ENT. Además, se proveen recomendaciones para su monitoreo y evaluación, así como recomendaciones de otras políticas costo-efectivas como la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos no saludables dirigido a la niñez y adolescencia, entre otros, para la prevención de las ENT y la creación de ambientes y sistemas alimentarios más saludables y sostenibles(AU)


The Latin American region has been a pioneer in the implementation of a front- of-pack warning labeling system (FOPWL), which has demonstrated its efficacy and effectiveness in correctly identifying when a product contains excessive amounts of nutrients associated with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). However, countries of the Central American Integration System (SICA); which includes Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the Dominican Republic, have no adopted it. For this reason, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama convened a group of experts from academia and civil society with the aim of establishing an evidence-based technical position, in relation to front-of-pack labelling for critical nutrients of pre-packaged foods and beverages in the Central American region. Specific evidence from the SICA region demonstrating the superiority of FOPWL over other labels such as the Guideline Daily Amount (GDA), the traffic light and Nutriscore to select healthier choices is presented. Within the framework of children's and consumer rights, arguments are provided, and a call is made to governments for the prompt adoption of FOPWL as a cost-effective policy for the prevention of NCDs. In addition, recommendations for its monitoring and evaluation are provided, as well as recommendations for other cost-effective policies such as the regulation of unhealthy food advertising aimed at children and adolescents, among others, for the prevention of NCDs and the creation ofhealthier and more sustainable environments and food systems(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Eating , Food Labeling , Noncommunicable Diseases , Food, Processed , Cardiovascular Diseases , Overnutrition , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Obesity
5.
Diaeta (B. Aires) ; 41: 40-48, ago. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528521

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: en la actualidad se recomienda limitar el consumo de productos ultraprocesados por su alto contenido en azúcar, grasas totales, grasas saturadas, grasas trans y sodio. El etiquetado frontal es una estrategia destinada a fortalecer en el consumidor su capacidad de elegir, pero la estrategia de adición de micronutrientes realizada por la industria alimentaria contribuye a que los consumidores sobrestimen su calidad nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar según el modelo del Perfil de Nutrientes (PN) de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), un grupo de productos ultraprocesados disponibles en el mercado argentino y aplicar el modelo de forma diferenciada en productos fortificados por la industria alimentaria. Materiales y método: estudio de campo, transversal, descriptivo. Se aplicó el perfil de nutrientes considerando: azúcares libres, grasas totales, grasas saturadas, grasas trans y sodio, en productos fortificados y sin fortificación. Cada una de las categorías generales de alimentos: galletitas dulces, alfajores, chocolates, golosinas, helados, cereales, bebidas, dulces untables, snacks salados y lácteos, fueron divididas en subcategorías, integradas por diferentes productos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo por subcategorías. Resultados: la muestra se conformó por 682 productos y todos superaron el punto de corte de al menos un nutriente en cantidad excesiva. El 100% de los productos fortificados (n=146) presentó cantidad excesiva de algún nutriente, el 41,1% tuvo un nutriente en cantidad excesiva y el 50,7% dos nutrientes. 95,7-100% de los productos de los grupos cereales de desayuno, chocolatadas, yogures bebibles y en pote, se categorizaron como con cantidad excesiva de azúcares libres. Conclusiones: todos los productos analizados presentaron al menos un nutriente del PN de referencia, en cantidad excesiva. Los mismos productos tenían adición de vitaminas, minerales o fibra. Se visibiliza la necesidad de realizar estudios que investiguen si esta estrategia induce confusión en el consumidor al momento de elegir.


Abstract Introduction: it is currently recommended to limit the consumption of ultra-processed products because of their high content of sugar, total fats, saturated fats, trans fats and sodium. Front labelling is a strategy aimed at strengthening consumer choice, but the micronutrient addition strategy carried out by the food industry contributes to consumers overestimating their nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to analyze, following the model of the Nutrient Profile (PN) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), a group of ultra-processed products available in the Argentine market and apply the model in a differentiated way in products fortified by the food industry. Materials and method: field study, cross-sectional, descriptive. The nutrient profile was applied considering: free sugars, total fats, saturated fats, trans fats and sodium, both in fortified and unfortified products. Each of the general food categories: sweet cookies, alfajores, chocolates, sweets, ice cream, cereals, beverages, spreadable sweets, salty snacks and dairy products, were divided into subcategories, made up of different products. A descriptive statistical analysis by subcategories was performed. Results: the sample consisted of 682 products and all exceeded the cut-off point of at least one nutrient in excessive quantity. 100% of the fortified products (n=146) had an excessive amount of some nutrient, 41.1% had an excess nutrient and 50.7% two nutrients. 95.7-100% of the products of the breakfast cereals, chocolate, drinking and potted yogurts groups were categorized as having excessive amounts of free sugars. Conclusions: all the products analyzed presented at least one nutrient from the reference NP, in excessive quantity. The same products had added vitamins, minerals or fiber. The need for studies to research whether this strategy induces confusion in the consumer when choosing is made visible.

6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 40(2): 141-149, abr.-jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | INS-PERU, LILACS | ID: biblio-1509030

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos. Estimar la cantidad de bebidas y alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados que declaran información nutricional en su empaque y describir las características de esta información, así como determinar la presencia de información nutricional en los productos con octógonos. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron fotografías del etiquetado de 4404 bebidas y alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados ofertados en supermercados de Lima Metropolitana. La información declarada en la etiqueta se recogió y se registró en la versión móvil y web del Programa de Información de Etiquetas de Alimentos (FLIP por sus siglas en inglés). Se analizaron las variables correspondientes a la declaración de información nutricional, la forma en que se declara dicha información y la declaración de la misma en bebidas y alimentos con octógonos. Resultados. De todos los productos recolectados solo el 71,4% declara algún tipo de información nutricional. De estos, el 13,8% declara la información nutricional en texto y no en tabla, además sólo 56,3% la declara por cada 100 gramos o mililitros. Del total de alimentos con el octógono «Contiene grasas trans¼, sólo 19,2% declara su contenido. Conclusiones. Más de la cuarta parte de bebidas y alimentos envasados expendidos en el mercado peruano no declaran información nutricional de ningún tipo, y de los que declaran, existe una que lo hace en diferentes formatos y unidades. Además, se halló que hay una proporción de bebidas y alimentos para cada tipo de octógono que no declaran la información del nutriente advertido en el mismo.


ABSTRACT Objectives. To estimate the number of processed and ultra-processed beverages and foods that provide nutritional information on their packaging, and to describe the characteristics of this information, as well as to determine the presence of nutritional information on products with octagons. Materials and methods. Photographs were taken of the labels of 4404 processed and ultra-processed beverages and foods marketed in supermarkets in Metropolitan Lima. The information on the label was collected and registered in the mobile and web version of the Food Label Information Program (FLIP). We analyzed variables related to the nutritional information, the way in which such information is declared and the information in beverages and foods with octagons. Results. Only 71.4% of the products had some type of nutritional information. Of these, 13.8% provided the nutritional information as a text and not in a table, and only 56.3% declared it per 100 grams or milliliters. Of the total number of foods with the octagon "Contains trans fats", only 19.2% declared their content. Conclusions. More than a quarter of the beverages and packaged foods in the Peruvian market did not provide nutritional information of any kind, and of those that did, only one did so in different formats and units. In addition, we found that a proportion of beverages and foods for each type of octagon did not declare information of the nutrient that is mentioned in the octagon.

7.
Rev. med. Risaralda ; 29(1)jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536601

ABSTRACT

El cáncer colorrectal es una patología común que causa aproximadamente 861,000 muertes al año. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 50 años, con hipertensión arterial y Diabetes mellitus tipo II, con diagnóstico de neoplasia en colon descendente, al cual se le realizó procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, posterior a marcación tumoral con azul de metileno por medio de endoscopia de vías digestiva bajas. Postoperatorio adecuado, sin complicaciones. El tratamiento de elección para el cáncer colorrectal sin metástasis es la exeresis oncológica. Actualmente, el manejo quirúrgico recomendado es por medio de procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, sin embargo, es un desafío puesto que en algunos casos la identificación de la lesión es difícil y adicionalmente requiere una curva de aprendizaje pronunciada. Por lo anterior, utilizamos el azul de metileno para la marcación del tumor previo procedimiento, con excelentes resultados, sin complicaciones. La marcación tumoral con azul de metileno previa al procedimiento mínimamente invasivo es seguro, útil, económico y de bajo riesgo.


Colorectal cancer is a common pathology, causing approximately 861,000 deaths a year. The case a 50-year-old male patient, with arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus, with a diagnosis of neoplasia in the descending colon, which was performed minimally invasive procedure, after tumor marking with methylene blue by means of endoscopy of lower digestive tracts. Adequate postoperative period, without complications. The treatment of choice for colorectal cancer without metastasis is oncological exeresis. Currently the recommended surgical management is by means of a minimally invasive procedure, however, it is a challenge since in some cases the identification of the lesion is difficult and additionally requires a pronounced learning curve. Therefore, we use methylene blue for the marking of the tumor after the procedure, with excellent results, without complications. Methylene blue tumor marking prior to the minimally invasive procedure is safe, useful, inexpensive, and low risk.

8.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 51(2)jun. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535687

ABSTRACT

Medication errors are the cause of severe lesions and complications, particularly with regards to injectable medications. During anesthesia, several drugs are administered simultaneously and quite easily the wrong medication may be administered, leading to morbidity and mortality. Different strategies have been devised to reduce error, including the use of color and letters to facilitate the identification of the various medications and improving safety in anesthesia.


Los errores asociados a la administración de medicamentos son una causa de graves lesiones y complicaciones sobre todo con los medicamentos inyectables. En un acto anestésico se administran distintos medicamentos y de manera simultánea, en el que fácilmente se puede administrar un medicamento errado causando morbilidad y mortalidad. Se han establecido diferentes estrategias para disminuir el error, entre estas el uso de colores y letras para facilitar su identificación y mejorar la seguridad en anestesia.

9.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 82: e39330, maio 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1524321

ABSTRACT

A hiperpigmentação da pele, principalmente na região facial, resulta em um incômodo estético que afeta a qualidade de vida do indivíduo, levando a busca por produtos clareadores. Este estudo avaliou a conformidade dos rótulos de cosméticos comercializados como "produtos clareadores de pele", bem como a existência de substâncias clareadoras proibidas neste tipo de produto. Foi realizada uma análise transversal descritiva qualitativa no período de abril a maio de 2022, em busca por cosméticos comercializados em estabelecimentos farmacêuticos e lojas de produtos cosméticos localizadas no município de Juazeiro/BA. Foram selecionados 18 produtos e os desvios de rotulagem identificados com base na legislação utilizada vigente à época do estudo, foram: ausência de informações sobre advertências/restrições de uso e número de registro incompleto, equivalente a 16,7% (n = 3) das amostras. A hidroquinona, proibida nesse tipo de produto, foi encontrada em um cosmético (5,5%). Embora a maioria das amostras analisadas esteja em conformidade com as exigências legais, os resultados evidenciam descumprimentos, indicando a necessidade de uma fiscalização mais rigorosa a fim de evitar possíveis danos à saúde do usuário.


Skin hyperpigmentation, particularly in the facial region, can be an aesthetic nuisance that affects an individual's quality of life, leading them to seek out whitening products. This study evaluated the compliance of cosmetics labels marketed as "skin lightening products", and assessed the presence of whitening substances prohibited in this type of product. A qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional analysis was conducted between April and May 2022 in Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil, focusing on cosmetics sold in pharmaceutical establishments and cosmetic product stores. Eighteen products were selected, and labeling deviations identified based on the legislation in force at the time of the study. These included a lack of information on warnings/use restrictions and incomplete registration numbers, affecting 16.7% (n = 3) of the samples. Hydroquinone, prohibited in this type of product by the legislation, was detected in one cosmetic (5.5%). Although most of the analyzed samples comply with legal requirements, the observed non-compliance highlights the need for more stringent inspection to prevent potential harm to user's health.


Subject(s)
Hyperpigmentation/therapy , Cosmetic Labeling , Skin Lightening Preparations/analysis , Hydroquinones/toxicity , Brazil
10.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538195

ABSTRACT

Introduction: breastfeeding is the most effective way to feed the child in the first six months of life exclusively and up to two years as a complementary form, as it provides a healthy development. However, in some situations it is impossible among them in children with food allergies such as Cow's Milk Protein Allergy (APLV). This condition can be defined as an adverse reaction of the immune system, caused by antigens present in the food that triggers the allergy.Objective: analyze the information on the labeling of infant formulas for infants with allergies to cow's milk protein (APLV), sold in pharmacies in Sobral/CE.Methods: cross-sectional, exploratory, quantitative and qualitative study. After data collection, the labels were analyzed based on a check list composed by the current legislation in accordance with RDC 45/2011, measuring the number of adjustments and inadequacies.Results: of the seven formulas analyzed, five were 100% adequate, when considering all the provisions that made up the check list. Of these were FAB-1 B, FAB-1 C, FAB-1 E, FAB-1 F, FAB-2 A, they were all in accordance with the dimensions established by RDC 45/2011, it is already in relation to formulas with inadequacy we observed that FAB-1 A was 2.22% in dimension two in which the micronutrient riboflavin was above the recommended range and FAB-1 D was 2.22% in dimension two, the carbohydrate macronutrient above the recommended range. In view of this, what we observed was that most of the formulas analyzed were within the labeling standards specified in Resolution RDC 45/2011, despite the many regulatory standards that govern the labeling and marketing of infant foods, it was realized that there is still a need for regulation stricter in this regard so that the legislation is fully complied with.Conclusion: according to what was evaluated about formulas for infants with APLV in relation to the labeling standards of the current legislation, some inadequacies were found. Therefore, this study showed a greater number of non-conformities in relation to the essential characteristics of composition and quality, despite the many regulatory standards that govern the labeling and marketing of infant foods, it is clear that they are still not fully complied with. It was found that we still need to evolve in the Elaboration, execution and inspection of the labels of formulas for infants with Allergy to Cow's Milk Protein (APLV), in order to minimize these non-conformities and offer the best food within the recommended standard, however these studies are necessary in order to better show and discuss the legislation referring to these products.


Introdução: a amamentação é a forma mais eficaz de alimentar a criança nos primeiros seis meses de vida exclusivamente e até os dois anos como forma complementar, pois proporciona um desenvolvimento saudável. No entanto, em algumas situações, é impossível entre eles em crianças com alergia alimentar, como a alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV). Essa condição pode ser definida como uma reação adversa do sistema imunológico, causada por antígenos presentes nos alimentos que desencadeiam a alergia.Objetivo: analisar as informações sobre a rotulagem de fórmulas infantis para lactentes com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV), comercializadas em farmácias de Sobral/CE.Método: estudo transversal, exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo. Após a coleta de dados, os rótulos foram analisados com base em um check list composto pela legislação vigente de acordo com a RDC 45/2011, mensurando o número de adequações e inadequações.Resultados: das sete fórmulas analisadas, cinco foram 100% adequadas, quando consideradas todas as disposições que compunham o check list. Destes eram FAB -1 B, FAB -1 C, FAB -1 E, FAB -1 F, FAB -2 A, todos estavam de acordo com as dimensões estabelecidas pela RDC 45/2011, já está em relação às fórmulas com inadequação observamos que FAB-1 A foi de 2,22% na dimensão dois em que a micronutriente riboflavina estava acima da faixa recomendada e FAB-1 D foi de 2,22% na dimensão dois, o macronutriente carboidrato acima da faixa recomendada. Diante disso, o que observamos foi que a maioria das fórmulas analisadas estava dentro dos padrões de rotulagem especificados na Resolução, apesar das inúmeras normas regulamentadoras que regem a rotulagem e comercialização de alimentos infantis, percebeu-se que ainda existe necessidade de regulamentação mais rigorosa nesse sentido, para que a legislação seja integralmente cumprida.Conclusão: de acordo com o que foi avaliado sobre as fórmulas para lactentes com APLV em relação aos padrões de rotulagem da legislação vigente foram encontradas algumas inadequações. Portanto esse estudo apresentou maior número de inconformidades em relação as características essênciais de composição e qualidade, apesar das muitas normas regulamentadoras que regem a rotulagem e comercialização de alimentos infantis, percebe-se que ainda não são totalmente cumpridas. Verificou-se que ainda precisamos evoluir na Elaboração, execussão e fiscalização dos rótulos das fórmulas para lactentes com Alergia a Proteína do Leite de Vaca (APLV), a fim de minimizar essas não conformidades e ofererer o melhor alimento dentro do padrão preconizado, no entanto faz-se necessários estes estudos a fim de mostrar e discutir melhor as legislações referentes a esses produtos.

11.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 84(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439176

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La ausencia o poca revisión del etiquetado nutricional es muy frecuente, y estas brindan información sobre la calidad de los alimentos que se van a adquirir y consumir. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la frecuente revisión del etiquetado nutricional (REN) y sus factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que evalúa los datos de la Vigilancia Alimentaria Nutricional por Etapas de Vida (VIANEV) de 2017-2018. La REN se consideró frecuente cuando el adulto leyó siempre o casi siempre la tabla de nutrientes de productos que adquiere y/o consume. Se hicieron estimaciones y análisis bivariados, se determinaron factores asociados empleando un modelo lineal generalizado de familia Poisson con enlace log bajo imputación múltiple. Resultados: Se encontró que el 62,4% no revisa el etiquetado del contenido nutricional. Solo 14,9% de los adultos lo hace frecuentemente. Para el modelo crudo, la educación superior se asoció con mayor prevalencia de REN (RP=10,79; IC95%: 1,49-78,16); y una menor prevalencia en el área rural (RP=0,47; IC95%: 0,31-0,73) y tener al menos una Necesidad Básica Insatisfecha (RP=0,56; IC95%: 0,33-0 ,98). En el modelo ajustado se encontró asociación para divorciados (RP: 4,24; IC95%: 1,91 a 9,41), convivientes (RP: 1,61; IC95%: 1,04 a 2,47) y quienes consumían 5 a más porciones de fruta o verduras al día (RP: 1,77; IC95%: 1,28 a 2,44). Conclusiones: La revisión de etiquetas nutricionales no es un comportamiento usual en adultos, y su realización se asoció en los divorciados, convivientes y con los que consumen 5 a más porciones de frutas y verduras.


Introduction: The absence or little review of nutritional labeling is very frequent, and these provide information on the quality of the food that is going to be acquired and consumed. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the frequent review of nutritional labeling (REN) and its associated factors. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study that evaluates the data from the Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages (VIANEV) from 2017-2018. REN was considered frequent when the adult always or almost always read the table of nutrients of the products they purchase and/or consume. Estimates and bivariate analyzes were made, associated factors were determined using a generalized linear model of the Poisson family with log link under multiple imputation. Results: It was found that 62,4% do not review the nutritional content labeling. Only 14,9% of adults do so frequently. For the crude model, higher education was associated with a higher prevalence of REN (PR=10,79; 95%CI: 1,49-78,16); and a lowerprevalence in rural areas (PR=0,47; 95%CI: 0,31-0,73) and having at least one Unsatisfied Basic Need (PR=0,56; 95%CI: 0,33-0,98). In the adjusted model, an association was found for divorcees (PR=4,24; 95%CI: 1,91-9,41), cohabiting (PR=1,61; 95%CI: 1,04-2,47) and those who consumed 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day (PR=1,77; 95%CI: 1,28-2,44). Conclusions: The review of nutritional labels is not a usual behavior in adults, and its performance was associated with divorced people, cohabitants and with those who consume 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

12.
Acta Anatomica Sinica ; (6): 175-180, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1015241

ABSTRACT

Objective To observe the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid ( Poly-IC ) treatment on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ( I / R ) injury in fryperlipidemia rats, and to detect the cerebral infarction, blood-brain barrier permeability and behavioral injury symptoms, to explore the neuroprotective effect of Poly-IC treatment on cerebral I /R injury in fryperlipidemia rats. Methods Hyperlipidemia rats were randomly divided into cerebral I /R group, Poly-IC pretreatment group, Poly-IC post-treatment group and sham operation group, 20 rats in each group. Neurobehavioral performance of rats in each group was recorded according to neurobehavioral score of 0-4 points. Blood-brain barrier permeability of rats in each group was detected by Evans blue staining. TTC staining was used to observe the cerebral infarction in each group. Apoptotic cells in the cerebral cortex of rats in each group was observed by TUNEL staining. The relative expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham group, the symptoms of neurobehavioral damage in the I/R group were serious and the score increased significantly (P<0. 05). The scores of Poly-IC pretreatment and post-treatment groups were significantly lower than that of I/R group (P<0. 05). Evans blue staining result showed that the blood-brain barrier permeability of the I/R group was significantly higher than that of the sham group (P<0. 05) , and Poly-IC pretreatment or post-treatment could significantly reduce the blood-brain barrier permeability ( P < 0. 05 ) . No infarct was observed in the sham group with uniform red staining, while white infarct was observed in the brain tissue of the I/R group. Compared with the I/R group, the volume of infarct in both Poly-IC pretreatment and post-treatment groups reduced significantly (P<0. 05). The apoptosis index in cerebral cortex of rats in I/R group was significantly higher than that in sham group ( P < 0 .05 ) , while the apoptosis index in Poly-IC pretreatment or post-treatment group was significantly lower than that in I/R group(P<0. 05 ) . The result of Western blotting showed that, compared with the sham group, the expression of Bax in the I/R group was significantly increased(P<0. 05) , the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P<0. 05). Compared with the I/R group, the expression of Bax in the Poly-IC pretreatment or post-treatment group reduced significantly ( P < 0. 05 ) , the expression of Bcl-2 increased significantly(P<0. 05). Conclusion Poly-IC pretreatment or post-treatment can improve the symptoms of neurobehavioral injury, reduce the damage of blood-brain barrier, reduce the volume of cerebral infarction, decrease the apoptosis index of nerve cells, play a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats with hyperlipidemia, and this protective effect may be related to the change of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels.

13.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ; (6): 440-444, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981289

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the causes of false-positive results in the 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI-04) PET/CT imaging. Methods The imaging data of 547 patients undergoing 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected.Two experienced nuclear medicine diagnostic physicians analyzed the clinical data,relevant imaging examinations,laboratory examinations,pathological results and follow-up results of the patients with false-positive results. Results The 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging of 547 patients showed false-positive results in 99 (18.1%) patients,including 56 males and 43 females.The postoperative pathological examination confirmed false-positive results in 13 patients,including 1 patient of thyroiditis,2 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis,1 patient of bone tuberculosis,2 patients of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor,1 patient of pulmonary sarcoidosis,1 patient of pulmonary benign fibroma,1 patient of organic pneumonia,2 patients of renal angiomyolipoma,1 patient of mass pancreatitis,and 1 patient of pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma.The medical history,relevant imaging examination,and long-term follow-up confirmed false-positive results in 86 patients.Specifically,the false-positive uptake in the neck,chest,abdomen,bone joint,and skin occurred in 8 (9.3%),13 (15.1%),5 (5.8%),57 (66.3%),and 3 (3.5%) patients,respectively.Inflammation-related uptake appeared in 83 (83.8%) patients with false-positive imaging results,of which arthritis (23 patients) and osteophyte (29 patients) were the most common.Sixteen (16.2%) patients showed the false-positive uptake related to fibroblasts. Conclusion 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging will show non-malignant tumor false-positive results,which are mainly associated with inflammation and fibroblasts.


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Gallium Radioisotopes , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Angiomyolipoma , Retrospective Studies , Kidney Neoplasms , Fibroblasts , Inflammation , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Quinolines
14.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 31(3): e31030189, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513944

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução A rotulagem de alimentos é uma importante ferramenta de promoção da saúde e de escolhas alimentares saudáveis. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do hábito de verificar os rótulos de alimentos e fatores associados em adolescentes e adultos, bem como identificar as informações observadas nos rótulos. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra probabilística por conglomerados em dois estágios, realizado em Campinas/SP (n = 1.792, 10-59 anos). Foram estimadas razões de prevalência e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% e foi desenvolvido modelo de regressão múltipla de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência do hábito de verificar os rótulos de alimentos foi de 49,4% (IC95%: 45,2-53,6). As prevalências foram superiores no sexo feminino, nos adultos, em indivíduos com maior renda, com maior frequência semanal de consumo de frutas, hortaliças cruas, alimentos integrais, com menor frequência de consumo de refrigerantes e que tinham se pesado há menos de um mês. Data de validade, calorias, sódio e gordura foram as informações mais buscadas nos rótulos. Conclusão Os resultados destacam a necessidade de orientar e estimular o uso da rotulagem nutricional, identificam os segmentos prioritários e contribuem para preencher uma das lacunas científicas brasileiras sobre a prevalência de consulta aos rótulos de alimentos e fatores associados.


Abstract Background Food labeling is an important tool for encouraging health and healthy food choices. Objective To estimate the prevalence of food label consultation and associated factors in adolescents and adults, and to identify the information taken from food labels. Method Cross-sectional study with data from population-based surveys with a probabilistic sample, by clusters and in two-stages, conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (n=1.792, 10-59 years). Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated and a Poisson multiple regression model was developed. Results 1,792 individuals aged 10 to 59 years participated in the study. The prevalence of reading food labels was 49.4% (95%CI: 45.2-53.6) for the whole population. Prevalence was higher in females, adults, in those with higher income, with more frequent weekly consumption of fruits, raw vegetables, and whole foods, with less frequent consumption of soft drinks, and those who had weighed themselves less than a month ago. Expiration date, calories, sodium and fat were the most searched for information on food labels. Conclusion The results highlight a need to guide and encourage the use of nutrition labeling, identify priority segments and help to fill a scientific gap in Brazil regarding the prevalence of food label consultation and associated factors.

15.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 18: 72319, 2023. ^etab, ^eilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532630

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os cereais sãoamplamente utilizados na alimentação das crianças. Objetivo: avaliar a composição nutricional e a rotulagem de alimentos infantis à base de cereais, em relação à legislação vigente. Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal, analítico e descritivo que avaliou alimentos à base de cereais, bem como a conformidade da rotulagem em relação à legislação brasileira vigente. Resultados: Avaliaram-se 72 amostras de alimentos: cereal para alimentação infantil; mistura para o preparo de mingaus e farinha de cereais; 100% das amostras apresentaram alguma não conformidade em relação à legislação, incluindo a presença de falso conceito de vantagem e segurança, ilustrações não permitidas, ausência de advertências obrigatórias e ausência da idade mínima para consumo do produto. Nas análises bromatológicas e de rotulagem, o teor de carboidratos de todas as categorias ultrapassou 80% do valor energético total do produto. Os teores de proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos e energia da categoria cereal para alimentação infantil mostraram diferenças significativas, sendo, respectivamente, p=0,015, p<0,001, p=0,013 e p<0,001. A categoria "mistura para preparo de mingaus" também mostrou diferenças significativas para proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos e energia (p<0,001). Na categoria de farinhas de cereais, somente o teor de proteínas apresentou diferença (p=0,05). Conclusão: Considerando o universo amostral do estudo, é possível concluir que mesmo na vigência de legislações específicas, ainda encontramos não conformidades legais na rotulagem de alimentos à base de cereais destinados à alimentação infantil, sendo que esses alimentos apresentam composição nutricional diferente das informações apresentadas em seus rótulos, impactando negativamente a segurança alimentar de crianças.


Introduction: Cereals are widely used in children's nutrition. Objective: to evaluate the nutritional composition and labeling of cereal-based infant foods, in relation to current legislation. Material and Methods: cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study that evaluated cereal-based foods, as well as labeling compliance with current Brazilian legislation. Results: 72 food samples were evaluated: cereal for baby food; mixture for the preparation of porridge and cereal flour. One hundred percent of the samples showed some non-compliance with the legislation, including the presence of a false concept of advantage and safety, illustrations not allowed, absence of mandatory warnings and, absence of the minimum age for consumption of the product. In bromatological and labeling analyses, the carbohydrate content of all categories exceeded 80% of the total energy value of the product. The protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy contents of the cereal category for infant feeding showed significant differences, being, respectively, p=0.015, p<0.001, p=0.013 and p<0.001. The mix category for porridge preparation also showed significant differences for proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and energy (p<0.001). In the category of cereal flours, only the protein content showed a difference (p=0.05). Conclusion: considering the sample universe of the study, it is possible to conclude that even in the presence of specific legislation, we still find legal non-conformities in the labeling of cereal-based foods intended for infant feeding, and these foods have a nutritional composition different from the information presented on their labels, negatively impacting children's food safety.


Subject(s)
Edible Grain , Food Composition , Food Labeling , Infant Food , Legislation, Food , Brazil , Food Supply
16.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515540

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the use of "whole grains" claims in food products marketed in Brazil and evaluate the nutrient profile of these products. METHODS Data from 775 grain-based packaged foods collected in Brazil from April to July 2017 were analyzed. Based on the INFORMAS protocol for food labeling, the prevalence of packaged foods with "whole grains" claims was estimated. Information on the list of ingredients was analyzed to evaluate the presence and amount of whole or refined grains in six food groups. The nutrient profiles of the products with and without "whole grains" claims were compared using the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) nutrient profile model. RESULTS The packages of about 19% of the evaluated products showed "whole grains" claims in their front panel. Of these, 35% lacked any whole grains among their top three ingredients. Breakfast cereals, granola bars, bread, cakes and other bakery products, cookies, and pasta had higher amounts of refined flour than whole grain ingredients in their compositions.We found 66% of products with "whole grains" claims were high in nutrients of concern according to PAHO's criteria. CONCLUSION Our results showed that over a third of the products in Brazil with "whole grains" claims lacked whole grains as one of their main ingredients. Most had a high content of nutrients associated with noncommunicable chronic disease risk factors, indicating the overestimation of their health benefits.


Subject(s)
Whole Grains , Food Labeling , Nutritive Value
17.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530363

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze marketing communication strategies (MCS) of labels of food products consumed by children under 5 years of age from the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: In total, 390 labels of ultra-processed foods and industrialized baby foods were analyzed. The products were organized by similarity into 24 groups. Photographs of labels from each group were analyzed to identify the MCS, which were categorized into "presence of characters and/or celebrities," "emotional appeal," "freebies offering," "health appeal," "sensory stimulation," "brand or slogan use," "promotional price," "advertisement under advertisement," and "sustainability appeal." The percentage frequency of labels according to the number of MCS per label; the total and average frequency of MCS according to the food group; the frequency of MCS type according to the food group; and communication resources by type of MCS were computed. RESULTS: 1 to 19 strategies were found per label and an average of 7.2 MCS per label, totaling 2,792 occurrences. The MCS "sensory stimulation," "health appeal," "brand or slogan use," and "advertisement under advertising" were observed in all food groups. "Freebies offering" and "promotional price" were observed in eight and six food groups, respectively. In food groups of bread; dairy products; and sweets, candies, and goodies, all nine types of MCS included in the study were identified. The groups that presented fewer types of MCS (n=5) were: peanuts, instant noodles, and margarines. Of the total MCS identified on the labels, the most frequent were "sensory stimulation" (29.4%) and "health appeal" (18.2%); and the least frequent were "freebies offering" (0.8%) and "promotional price" (0.4%). The "emotional appeal" strategy presented the highest diversity of communication resources. CONCLUSION: Rigorous regulatory measures are required to protect consumers from massive exposure to MCS on food labels.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar estratégias de comunicação mercadológica (ECM) presentes em rótulos de produtos efetivamente consumidos por crianças menores de 5 anos usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 390 rótulos de alimentos ultraprocessados e papas infantis industrializadas. Os produtos foram organizados por similaridade em 24 grupos. Realizou-se a análise das fotografias dos rótulos de cada grupo para a identificação das ECM, que foram categorizadas em: "presença de personagens e/ou celebridades", "apelo emocional", "oferta de brindes", "apelo à saúde", "estímulos aos sentidos", "uso da marca ou slogan", "preço promocional", "propaganda sob propaganda" e "apelo à sustentabilidade". Foram computadas: frequência percentual de rótulos segundo número de ECM por rótulo; frequência total e média de ECM segundo grupo de alimentos; frequência do tipo de ECM segundo grupo de alimentos; e recursos comunicacionais por tipo de ECM. RESULTADOS: Constataram-se de uma a 19 estratégias por rótulo e média de 7,2 ECM por rótulo, totalizando 2.792 ocorrências. As ECM "estímulo aos sentidos", "apelo à saúde", "uso da marca ou slogan" e "propaganda sob propaganda" foram observadas em todos os grupos de alimentos. Já "oferta de brindes" e "preço promocional" apareceram em oito e seis grupos de alimentos, respectivamente. Nos grupos pães, lácteos e doces, balas e guloseimas, foram identificados os nove tipos de ECM incluídos no estudo. Os grupos que apresentaram menos tipos de ECM (n = 5) foram: amendoins, macarrões instantâneos e margarinas. Do total de ECM identificadas nos rótulos, as mais recorrentes foram "estímulo aos sentidos" (29,4%) e "apelo à saúde" (18,2%); e as menos frequentes foram "oferta de brindes" (0,8%) e "preço promocional" (0,4%). A ECM "apelo emocional" apresentou a maior diversidade de recursos comunicacionais. CONCLUSÃO: São necessárias medidas regulatórias rigorosas que protejam o consumidor da massiva exposição às ECM em rótulos de alimentos.


Subject(s)
Child Health , Food Publicity , Child Nutrition , Food Labeling , Unified Health System , Overweight , Industrialized Foods , Food, Processed
18.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554685

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ready-to-eat minimally processed vegetables (RTE-MPV) are vegetables subjected to several steps that modify their natural structure, while maintaining the same freshness and nutritional quality as the fresh produce. Since these products are sold in packages, they must be labeled, even though nutritional labeling is optional. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the labeling aspects of several brands of RTE-MPV sold in Brazil, determining whether manufacturers adhered to the different types of food labeling legislation. Method: Photographic records of RTE-MPV packages were obtained in different regions of Brazil between October 2020 and August 2021, and labels were analyzed using a checklist that was prepared according to the different types of Brazilian food labeling legislation in force at the time of the study: RDC nº 259/2002, RDC nº 359/2003, RDC nº 360/2003 and Law nº 10,674/2003. Results: The labels of 288 RTE-MPV packages, belonging to 39 brands, were analyzed. Among these, 31 brands showed at least one aspect that was not in accordance with the legislation, such as the lack of information about place of origin, and the presence or absence of gluten. Although optional, most brands (38) adopted nutritional labeling, but the information was incomplete in ten of them. Conclusion: These data indicate that there are flaws in the labeling of RTE-MPV in Brazil, emphasizing the need for manufacturers to comply with the legislation. Moreover, the optional adoption of nutritional labeling by most brands is significantly important for consumers to have additional information about what they consume. (AU)


Introdução: Os vegetais minimamente processados (VMP) são submetidos a etapas que modificam sua estrutura natural, mantendo o frescor e qualidade nutricional dos produtos frescos. Por serem comercializados embalados, esses produtos devem ser rotulados, embora a rotulagem nutricional seja opcional. Objetivo: Este estudo analisou a rotulagem de diferentes marcas de VMP comercializados no Brasil, a fim de determinar a aderência dos produtores às legislações relativas à rotulagem de alimentos. Método: Foram obtidos registros fotográficos de embalagens VMP comercializados em diferentes regiões do Brasil entre outubro de 2020 e agosto de 2021, e os rótulos foram analisados por meio de um checklist elaborado com base nas legislações brasileiras de rotulagem de alimentos vigentes no período em que o estudo foi realizado: RDC nº 259/2002, RDC nº 359/2003, RDC nº 360/2003 e Lei nº 10.674/2003. Resultados: Foram analisados os rótulos de 288 embalagens de VMP, pertencentes a 39 marcas. Dentre essas, 31 marcas apresentaram pelo menos um item que não estava de acordo com as legislações de rotulagem vigentes, como falta de informação sobre o local de origem e a presença ou ausência de glúten. Apesar de opcional, a maioria das marcas (38) adotou a rotulagem nutricional, mas em dez delas as informações estavam incompletas. Conclusão: Esses dados indicam falhas na rotulagem de VMP no Brasil, enfatizando a necessidade das empresas de cumprirem essas regulamentações. Além disso, a adoção opcional da rotulagem nutricional pela maioria das marcas tem grande importância, pois fornece informações adicionais aos consumidores sobre os produtos que consomem. (AU)

19.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 41: e2021355, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406951

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate food labels targeted at children and identify the concomitant presence of claims and high levels of critical nutrients and/or the presence of sweeteners. As a secondary objective, it aimed to list different types of claims and check which marketing strategies are most used. Methods: We collected 409 products, from 8 popular food groups targeted at children, in Brazilian market (i.e., fruit drinks, dairy drinks, sandwich cookies, cakes, breakfast cereals, jellies, corn snacks, and yogurts). The contents of critical nutrients (e.g., sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and trans-fat, and sodium) and presence/absence of sweetener were calculated, considering Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) parameters. Then, we verified the presence and types of claims in these products. Results: Overall, 265 (64.7%) labels presented claims. In three of the eight categories (i.e., breakfast cereals, dairy drinks, and yogurt), all products with claims (50, 34, and 34 products, respectively) had one or more nutrients in harmful concentrations (critical nutrients above PAHO's nutritional profile and/or presence of sweeteners). In the other categories, only one product (of 63 sandwich cookies and 26 breakfast cereals with claims) and three products (of 22 cakes and 28 jellies with claims) had no nutrient in critical concentration. The presence of claims, like "rich/source" of micronutrient, was predominant in seven of the eight food groups. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high presence of claims, of different types, in foods targeted at children, which, for the most part, also have excess of at least one critical nutrient, according to PAHO.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar rótulos de alimentos direcionados ao público infantil e identificar a presença concomitante de alegações e de altos teores de nutrientes críticos e/ou presença de adoçantes. Como objetivo secundário, listar os diferentes tipos de alegações e verificar quais estratégias de marketing são mais utilizadas. Métodos: Foram coletados 409 produtos provenientes das oito categorias de alimentos mais populares entre crianças brasileiras (bebidas à base de frutas, bebidas lácteas, biscoitos recheados, bolos, cereais matinais, gelatinas, salgadinhos de milho e iogurtes). Foram calculados os teores de nutrientes críticos (açúcares, gorduras totais, saturadas e trans e sódio) e presença/ausência de adoçante, considerando-se os parâmetros da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS). Em seguida, verificamos a presença e os tipos de alegações nesses produtos. Resultados: No total, 265 (64,7%) rótulos apresentaram alegações. Em três das oito categorias (cereais matinais, bebidas lácteas e iogurtes), todos os produtos com alegações (50, 34 e 34 produtos, respectivamente) continham um ou mais nutrientes em concentrações prejudiciais (nutrientes críticos acima do preconizado pela OPAS e/ou presença de edulcorantes). Nas demais categorias, apenas um produto (de 63 biscoitos recheados e 26 cereais matinais com alegação) e três (de 22 bolos e 28 gelatinas com alegação) não apresentavam nutrientes em concentração crítica. A presença de alegações, como "rico" ou "fonte" de micronutriente, foi predominante em sete dos oito grupos de alimentos. Conclusões: Observou-se alta presença de alegações, de diferentes tipos, em alimentos destinados a crianças, que, em sua maioria, também possuem excesso de pelo menos um nutriente crítico, de acordo com a OPAS.

20.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 22: e238082, Jan.-Dec. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1393422

ABSTRACT

Aim: To determine if the artificial staining with black tea (BT) influences the enamel microhardness before in-office bleaching and if BT staining is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide Methods: Enamel/dentin blocks were randomized into groups according to the staining protocol (n=5/group): (CO) control ­ maintained in artificial saliva solution (AS); (BT4) immersed in black tea solution for 4 h; (BT24) immersed in black tea solution for 24 h. After the staining protocols, all specimens were kept in AS for one week, followed by bleaching (three sessions of HP application for 40 min). Knoop surface microhardness (kgF/mm2) was determined at baseline (T0), after staining (T1), after 7 days of storage in AS (T2), and after bleaching (T3). The color (∆E00) and coordinate changes (∆L, ∆a, ∆b) were measured using a digital spectrophotometer at T0 and T3. Data were submitted to one-way (∆E00, ∆L, ∆a, ∆b) or two-way ANOVA repeated measures (kgF/mm2) and Tukey's test (a=5%). Results: The staining protocols (BT4 and BT24) promoted significantly lower microhardness (T1 and T2, p<0.05) than CO, whereas CO was the only group to maintain microhardness values over time. Bleaching promoted perceptible ∆E00 without a significant difference among the groups regardless of the staining protocol (p=0.122). CO and BT4 showed no differences in terms of ∆L and ∆a (p>0.05), but BT4 displayed a higher ∆b than CO. Conclusion:The artificial staining with BT negatively affected the enamel surface microhardness and was not essential to evaluate the efficacy of 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching


Subject(s)
Staining and Labeling , Tea/adverse effects , Tooth Bleaching , Color , Dental Enamel , Bleaching Agents , Hardness Tests , Hydrogen Peroxide
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