Effects of manipulating lactate dehydrogenase gene on metabolism of HEK-293 and production of human adenovirus / 生物工程学报

Reducing lactate accumulation has always been a goal of the mammalian cell biotechnology industry. When animal cells are cultured in vitro, the accumulation of lactate is mainly the combined result of two metabolic pathways. On one hand, glucose generates lactate under the function of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA); on the other hand, lactate can be oxidized to pyruvate by LDHB or LDHC and re-enter the TCA cycle. This study comprehensively evaluated the effects of LDH manipulation on the growth, metabolism and human adenovirus (HAdV) production of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells, providing a theoretical basis for engineering the lactate metabolism in mammalian cells. By knocking out ldha gene and overexpression of ldhb and ldhc genes, the metabolic efficiency of HEK-293 cells was effectively improved, and HAdV production was significantly increased. Compared with the control cell, LDH manipulation promoted cell growth, reduced the accumulation of lactate and ammonia, significantly enhanced the efficiency of substrate and energy metabolism of cells, and significantly increased the HAdV production capacity of HEK-293 cells. Among these LDH manipulation measures, ldhc gene overexpression performed the best, with the maximum cell density increased by about 38.7%. The yield of lactate to glucose and ammonia to glutamine decreased by 33.8% and 63.3%, respectively; and HAdV titer increased by at least 16 times. In addition, the ATP production rate, ATP/O2 ratio, ATP/ADP ratio and NADH content of the modified cell lines were increased to varying degrees, and the energy metabolic efficiency was significantly improved.

Inhibitory Effect of Sophora alopecuroides Total Alkaloids and Two Monomer Alkaloids on PC12 Cell Activity / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine extracted from Sophora alopecuroides on the activity of pheochromocytoma cells （PC12 cells）. MethodThe effect of S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine at concentrations of 2， 1， 0.5， 0.25， 0.125， and 0.062 5 g·L-1 on the proliferation of PC12 cells was evaluated using the 3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） leakage rate was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis rate， cell cycle distribution， and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to determine the mRNA transcription levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）. Protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3， Caspase-8， Bcl-2， and Bax were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared to the control group， S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine inhibited the proliferation of PC12 cells， increased LDH leakage rate， enhanced intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity， and induced cell apoptosis in concentration-dependent manner （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among them， S. alopecuroides total alkaloids had the strongest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in PC12 cells （P<0.01）. After treatment with S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine， the cell cycle progression of PC12 cells was arrested at G1/G0 in the S. alopecuroides total alkaloids group， and at G1/S in the matrine and sophoridine groups. The expression levels of Bax mRNA were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. All treatments significantly downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax， Caspase-3， and Caspase-8 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the most significant protein expression changes observed in the S. alopecuroides total alkaloids group. ConclusionAmong the S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine， S. alopecuroides total alkaloids exhibit the strongest inhibitory effect on the activity of PC12 cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expression， upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression， and activation of the mitochondrial Caspase-8 apoptotic pathway.

Predictive value of serum lactate dehydrogenase on prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the prognosis of patients with paraquat (PQ) poisoning, and to provide evidence for early prognosis assessment. Methods: In February 2022, 50 patients with PQ poisoning who completed serum LDH detection admitted to the Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 50 healthy physical examination personnel were randomly selected as the control group. Patients with PQ poisoning were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis, and the differences of blood routine routine, liver and kidney function and other indicators in the first admission between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logisitic regression model was established, ROC curve was drawn, and the influencing factors of prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the white blood cell count (WBC), total bilirubin (TBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), LDH, glucose (GLU) and creatinine (Cr) in observation group were significantly increased, while albumin (ALB) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that WBC, elevated LDH (>247 U/L), TBil, ALT, AST and Cr were significantly different between PQ poisoning survival group and death group (P<0.05). Multivariate logisitic regression analysis showed that elevated serum LDH was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of PQ poisoning patients (OR=9.95, 95%CI: 1.34-73.82, P=0.025). The area under the ROC curve of LDH was 0.811 (95%CI: 0.692-0.930). When the cut-off value was 340 U/L, the sensitivity was 0.889 and the specificity was 0.719. Log-rank test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in survival rate between the normal LDH group and the elevated LDH group (P=0.001) . Conclusion: Serum LDH has a good predictive value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning. Elevated LDH is a risk factor for poor prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning.

Serum Lactate as a Predictor of Severity in Dengue Infection

Background Dengue infections caused by the four antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, DENV4) of the family Flaviviridae are the most major arboviral diseases in humans in terms of geographic spread, morbidity, and mortality. Objective: The study was conducted to assess serum lactate in cases of dengue and correlate it with severity in dengue infection. Methodology: A prospective observational study was carried out among indoor patients admitted to the general medicine department of the tertiary care hospital SMIMER Surat. The study's duration was 15 to 18 months. Result: our study found out of total 154 cases; majority of cases were belonged from 83(53.90%) cases were from less than 30 years. male was contributed 96 (62.34%), majority of cases had duration of fever 39(25.32%), 66 (42.66%) case had high LDH, comparison of serum lactate dehydrogenase with severity of dengue mean lactate dehydrogenase of dengue without severity was mean was 148.45 and SD 11.81, while in severe dengue mean serum lactate dehydrogenase 388.23 and SD 99.47 with p value 0.001 which was statically significant. Conclusion According to this study, it is preferable to monitor serial lactate levels as opposed to using a single lactate number.

Mechanism of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Processed with Chebulae Fructus Against H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Toxicity Based on TRPV1 Channel / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 （TRPV1） channel in reducing cardiomyocyte toxicity of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus. MethodH9c2 cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro were used as a model to assess cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay， the expression of TRPV1 mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， the changes of nucleus， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ contents were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultCompared with the blank group， when the concentration was ≥0.5 g·L-1， the cell viability was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the leakage rate of LDH， the release of ROS and Ca2+ were increased， the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased， and the nucleus was pyknosis or even broken in raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus groups. When the concentration was ≥0.5 g·L-1， compared with the same mass concentration of raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix group， the cell viability increased significantly （P<0.01）， the leakage rate of LDH， the release of ROS and Ca2+ decreased， the mitochondrial membrane potential increased， and the nuclear morphology improved in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus group. Application of the same mass concentration of raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix to H9c2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with the TRPV1 inhibitor BCTC significantly increased cell viability， decreased leakage rate of LDH， ROS and Ca2+ release， increased mitochondrial membrane potential and improved nuclear pyknosis compared with untreated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Application of the same mass concentration of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus to H9c2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with BCTC decreased cell viability， increased LDH leakage rate， ROS and Ca2+ release， reduced mitochondrial membrane potential compared with untreated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Real-time PCR results showed that both raw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and Chebulae Fructus decoction could increase the expression of TRPV1 mRNA in cardiomyocytes in a concentration dependent manner. ConclusionRaw Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiotoxicity by activating TRPV1 channel， while Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix processed with Chebulae Fructus can attenuate the toxicity through TRPV1 channel， which may be related to the synergistic effect of acid components in Chebulae Fructus and alkaloids in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix on TRPV1 channel.

Colorectal Cancer Modeling and Difference Analysis in Cold and Heat Conditions / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between the occurrence of colorectal cancer and different internal environment （cold and heat）. Method:The 70 Wistar rats （male and female） were randomly divided into blank group （10 cases）， cold model group （30 cases） and heat model group （30 cases）. The cold syndrome model was made by intragastric infusion of cold water （0 ℃） and soaking in cold water （10 ℃）. The heat model was made by ethanol （30%） and capsaicin solution （0.9 g·L-1）. The blank group was given normal saline by gavage， 10 mL·kg-1·d-1， for 5 consecutive weeks. The colorectal cancer model was made by subcutaneous injection of DMH solution in the back of neck in the cold model group and heat model group at the 6th week， 25 mg·kg-1，once a week，for 12 consecutive times. During the carcinogenesis， only 30% ethanol solution was given to the heat model group， and the modeling was maintained in cold model group， 10 mL·kg-1·d-1， for 38 weeks. The general state of the rats in each group was observed， and the changes of food intake and body weight were measured. At the 27th， 29th， 32th， 35th and 38th weeks， samples were collected in batches. Intestinal tissues were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE） and detection of sodium， potassium-adenosine triphosphate （Na+ K+-ATP）， calcium， magnesium-adenosine triphosphate （Ca2+ Mg2+-ATP） activity， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） activity and succinate dehydrogenase （SDH） activity. Result:The symptoms of hematochezia and ascites in cold model group were earlier than those in heat model group. As compared with the blank group， the food intake and body weight were decreased in cold model group and heat model group. As compared with the blank group， the length of the large intestine was shorter in cold model group at the 32nd and 35th week （P<0.05）， the activities of Na+ K+-ATP， Ca2+ Mg2+-ATP increased significantly in heat model group at the 27th， 29th and 38th week （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the SDH enzyme activity was decreased in the cold model group at the 29th and 35th week （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the SDH enzyme activity was significantly increased in the heat model group at the 38th week （P<0.01）. At the 27th week， LDH enzyme activity was significantly reduced in cold model group （P<0.01）. The LDH activity was increased significantly in heat model group at 29th and 32nd week （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the heat model group， the large intestine texture of the cold model rats showed greater brittleness， aggravated fibrosis， more obvious fibroproliferative characteristics， higher tumor incidence， and more serious tumor differentiation. The Na+ K+-ATP， Ca2+ Mg2+-ATP enzyme activities of the cold model rats were significantly reduced at 27th， 29th， and 38th weeks （P<0.01）， the SDH enzyme activity was significantly reduced in the cold model rats at 29th and 38th weeks （P<0.01）， the LDH activity was reduced in the cold model group at 32nd week （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Cold environment for colorectal cancer promotes tumorigenesis， and the hot environment can also promote tumorigenesis in a later stage.

Effect of cold ischemia time on early graft function and acute rejection after liver transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the effect of different cold ischemia time (CIT) on early graft function and acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 218 donors and recipients undergoing liver transplantation were collected and analyzed. All patients were divided into three groups according to the CIT of donor liver: group A (CIT≤6 h, n=60), group B (6 h < CIT≤10 h, n=89) and group C (CIT > 10 h, n=69). Blood samples were collected on the 1, 7 and 14 d after liver transplantation. The changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in CD4+T cells were detected. The incidence of AR and the positive rate of C4d deposition were analyzed. Results The ALT, AST and LDH levels in each group reached the peak on the 1 d after operation, and then gradually decreased. The indexes in each group were almost equivalent on the 14 d. An interaction effect existed between postoperative time and group. After liver transplantation, ATP levels in CD4+T cells were gradually increased in each group, peaked at postoperative 7 d, and then decreased gradually. An interaction effect was noted between postoperative time and group. The incidence of AR in groups A, B and C was 10%, 12% and 28%. Compared with group C, the incidence of AR in groups A and B was decreased significantly (both P < 0.05/3). The positive rate of C4d deposition in AR recipients of groups A, B and C was 1/3, 45% and 89% respectively. Compared with group C, the positive rate of C4d deposition in group A was decreased significantly (P=0.015). Conclusions The prolongation of CIT may lead to aggravation of early-stage liver function injury after liver transplantation, which is more easily to induce humoral AR.

Differential survivorship of congeneric ornamental fishes under forecasted climate changes are related to anaerobic potential

Abstract Two Amazonian closely related tetras - cardinal Paracheirodon axelrodi and green neon P. simulans - were artificially acclimatized to environmental chambers mimicking future climate change scenarios (mild, moderate and extreme), using a microcosm facility. P. simulans survived (100%) to all scenarios after 30 days exposure, while P. axelrodi presented decreasing survival percentages according to environmental severity. These differences may be the reflection of distinct natural acclimatization to microhabitats between the species, which differ in thermal conditions. Survival responses might be related to differences in relative gene expression of lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh), suggesting that P. axelrodi anaerobic potential is lower or non-existent compared to P. simulans, not tolerating long-term thermal challenges. Accordingly, increases in temperature and in CO2 levels caused increases in energy demand and resulted in activation of the anaerobic pathway, as demonstrated by the higher enzyme levels measured in head and tail portions of both species. Sustained anaerobic glycolysis is possible when fish live in challenging environments (low oxygen or high temperature). Our results clearly show that P. simulans has a larger scope for survival to higher energy demands due to its increased anaerobic potential compared to P. axelrodi.

Clinical significance of changes in levels of serum β2-MG, VEGF, and LDH in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after treatment / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To assess the clinical significance of changes in levels of serum β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after treatment. Methods: A total of 89 patients with DLBCL who were admitted to the hospital between February 2015 an July 2017 were included in the DLBCL group and 40 normal, healthy persons admitted during the same period were selected as the control group. All DLBCL patients underwent standard chemotherapy after admission. Peripheral venous blood was collected before and after chemotherapy to determine any changes in serum β2-MG, VEGF, and LDH levels. Biomarker levels were also compared with those from normal, healthy subjects. The clinical and pathological data of all DLBCL patients were collected and the relationships between changes in biomarker levels, clinical and pathological parameters of DLBCL, and curative effects were analyzed. Results: The levels of serum β2-MG, VEGF, and LDH in the DLBCL group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) and all levels in DLBCL group decreased after chemotherapy (P<0.05). The effective rate of the R-CHOP group was higher than that of the CHOP group (P<0.05). Serum LDH levels were higher in patients with typical B symptoms than in those without such symptoms (P<0.05). Serum levels of β2-MG, VEGF, and LDH were higher in patients with Ann Arbor stageⅢ-Ⅳlymphoma, with bone marrow involvement, whose international prognostic index (IPI) was high-risk, and with treatment failure than in those with stageⅠ-Ⅱlymphoma, without bone marrow involvement, with low-risk IPI, and with treatment response (P<0.05). The levels of serum VEGF, β2-MG, and LDH were positively correlated with each other, and all three biomarkers were negatively correlated with treatment response (P<0.05). Conclusions: Levels of serum β2-MG, VEGF, and LDH are elevated in patients with DLBCL but are significantly decreased after treatment. Changes in expression levels of these three biomarkers are related to clinical stage, bone marrow involvement, IPI, and treatment response. These biomarkers can be used as a basis for monitoring DLBCL and evaluating curative effect and prognosis.

Análise dos efeitos da epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) de Camelliasinensis (chá verde) em modelo de hepatotoxicidade químicaexperimental induzida pela Dietilnitrosamina (DEN) / Analysis of the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) of Camellia sinensis (green tea) in experimental chemical model of hepatotoxicity induced by Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)

A Dietilnitrosamina (DEN), uma substância reconhecidamente hepatotóxica e carcinogênica, foiutilizada na indução da necrose hepática centrolobular em ratos isogênicos Lewis divididos em 5 grupos de 5 animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito quimiopreventivo da epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG), de Camellia sinensis (chá verde) no tratamento da hepatotoxicidade celular induzida pela DEN. Foi mensurada a concentração sérica da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e aspartato aminotransferase(AST) dos diferentes grupos experimentais. No ensaio bioquímico para AST e ALT, houve diferença significativa entre os valores médios do grupo controle (163±70,32) comparado ao grupo DEN (1631±1039,44), sugerindo que a DEN influencia na função hepática. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo DEN e o tratado com epigalocatequina. A lactato desidrogenase (LDH) éconsiderada um marcador bioquímico comum para avaliação da progressão tumoral, e em relação ao LDH, as amostras não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre o grupo DEN (1385,5±43,13) e DEN + EGCG 150mg ou DEN + EGCG 200mg 1537,5±1010,45). Neste trabalho foi demonstrado que a epigalocatequina nas concentrações de 150 e 200 mg/Kg não induziram alterações hepáticas e também não foi possível verificar nenhuma quimioproteção pela EGCG em animais inicialmente tratados comDEN durante 24 horas. Sendo assim, novos experimentos com diferentes concentrações de EGCG sãonecessários para comprovar seu possível efeito quimioprotetor.

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a known hepatotoxic and carcinogenic substance, was used in the induction of centrilobular hepatic necrosis in isogenic Lewis rats divided into 5 groups with 5 animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)from Camellia sinensis (green tea) in the treatment of cellular hepatotoxicity induced by DEN. It was measured the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the different experimental groups. In the biochemistry assay for AST and ALT, there was significant difference between median values of control group (163±70.32) compared to DEN group(1631±1039.44), suggesting that DEN influences on hepatic function. However, there was no significant difference between DEN group to that treated with epigallocatechin. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is considered a common biochemical marker for evaluation of tumor progression, and regarding LDH,the samples presented no significant differences between the DEN group (1385.5±43.13) and DEN + EGCG 150mg or DEN + EGCG 200mg (1537.5± 1010.45). In this work it was demonstrated that epigallocatechin concentrations of 150 and 200 mg/kg did not induce liver alterations and though was not verified any chemoprotective effect by EGCG in animals initially treated with DEN for 24 hours. Moreover, new experiments with different concentrations of EGCG are needed to verify its possiblechemoprotector effect.

A study of pericardial fluid enzymes activities after death and their correlation with post-mortem interval.

The estimation of time since death at the time of autopsy has been and remains to be one of the challenges to the Forensic Pathologist. .A prospective study was undertaken in SMS Hospital, Jaipur on activity of Pericardial Fluid enzymes after death in deceased. A total of 50 study cases were randomly selected after screening. The pericardial fluid was examined biochemically for enzyme activity of Amylase, Creatine Kinase (CK), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes by photoelectric colorimetry method. The enzyme activity levels so obtained were charted and statistically studied and graphical records obtained against known post-mortem interval. The data thus obtained was analysed with a view to ascertain whether such assays could be of any help to estimate time since death routinely. In this study we observed a positive correlation of all the four enzymes with the time elapsed after death of which rise in CK was found to be statistically significant.

Early diagnosis of radiodermatitis using lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in hairless mice (SKH1-hr) / 한국실험동물학회지

In this study, we evaluate a method for the early diagnosis of radiodermatitis for use in the prevention and therapy of this condition. Hairless mice (SKH1-hr) were used to study the early diagnosis of radiodermatitis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) isozymes were analyzed using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting of blood serum and tissues collected from SKH1-hr mice. Radiodermatitis developed 24 days after the first X-irradiation. Reduced spleen weight was observed after the last X-irradiation (P<0.05). Thereafter the weight increased until 24 days after the first irradiation, finally reaching levels comparable to those in the sham-irradiated control group. LDH activity was the highest in skeletal muscle and lowest in blood serum. LDH C4, A4, A3B, A2B2, AB3, and B4 isozymes were detected, in the mentioned order, from the cathode. This result was similar in other mouse strains. In the irradiated group, LDH A4 isozyme levels were reduced in the serum until inflammation occurred, whereas those of B4 isozyme were elevated. The subunits A and B followed a similar trend to that of LDH A4 and B4 isozyme, respectively. Importantly, antibodies against LDH B4 isozyme could prove useful in the early diagnosis of radiodermatitis.

Effect of Medicated Serum of Lizhong Bolus on ICC / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To explore the effects of medicated serum of Lizhong Bolus on ICC.[Methods] To observe the regulatory effects of medicated serum of Lizhong Bolus on activity of Ca2+-ATPase,SDH and LDH in ICC by the methods of culture in vitro and Serum Pharmacology.[Result]The medicated serum of Lizhong Bolus could obviously improve the activity of Ca2+-ATPase and SDH in ICC(P

Effect of Propofol on Kupffer Cell Superoxide Dismutase Activities and Cytoprotections during Hypoxia-Reoxygenation / 대한해부학회지

The aims of this study were to verify the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of primary cultured Kupffer cells and the effect of propofol against the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through quantitating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.The sequential treatments with hypoxia and reoxygenation induced significant increasement of LDH release (P.0.01) and decresement of SOD activity(P.0.05) in primary cultured Kupffer cell. The level of LDH release and SOD activity after sequential treatments with hypoxia and reoxygenation were restored to the control level by the propofol treatment in the concentration of 0.5 and 5 microgram/mL. Propofol in concentration of 50 microgram/mL induced significant increasement of LDH release (P.0.01) on both normal culture and hypoxia-reoxygenation culture of the Kupffer cell. As hypoxia and reoxygenation procedures and propofol treatment were concurrently added to the cultured Kupffer cell, propofol treatment in the concentration of 50 microgram/mL decreased significantly the SOD activity (P.0.01). In conclusion, propofol in this hypoxia-reoxygenation model could provide a valuable clue for the study of liver transplantation and of propofol.

Effect of Earle's solution and MEM on activities of neurons in culture / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo observe the activities of cultured neurons incubated with Earle's solution, new minimal essential medium (MEM) or former MEM.MethodsActivity changes of cultured neurons were measured by determining the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and metabolic rate of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).ResultsActivities of neurons incubated with different culture medium for 12 h or 24 h were significantly different (P<0.01).ConclusionDifferent culture medium can influence neuronal activities.

Effect of Etomidate on N-methyl-D-aspartate Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Cortical Neurons / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of etomidate against N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). METHODS: The cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rat were grown for 12 days in dissociated cell culture. They were divided into four groups: first group acted as control with no drug administration and other groups treated with either NMDA 100microM or Etomidate (ET) 10microM + NMDA 100microM or ET 100microM + NMDA 100microM After 24 hrs, cell death was assessed by morphology under the light microscope and quantified by measuring the LDH in the culture media. RESULTS: In the light microscopic findings, the intact cortical neurons were increased in the ET groups. NMDA-induced LDH production also significantly suppressed in ET group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between the ET 10microM and 100microM groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the etomidate has protective effect on the cultured rat cortical neurons against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity.

Study on the changes of the lactate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase activities in death from hanging of bound upper limbs / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (CHE) activities and death from hanging of bound upper limbs (DHBL). Methods After the animal model of DHBL was established, the LDH and CHE activities in the serum and tissues including diaphragm muscle and musculi gastrocnemius were determined. Results In DHBL group, LDH activity decreased significantly in diaphragm muscle as compared with that in musculi gastrocnemius (P0.05). In comparison with the control group, LDH activity lowered greatly in the diaphragm muscle(P0.05). Significant decrease in serum LDH in the DHBL group as compared with control group (P0.05). Conclusion Decrease in the LDH activity may be associated with hanging posture of bound upper limbs.

Changes in ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF and blood after rapid decompression in rabbits / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study changes in ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF and blood after rapid decompression in rabbits. Methods Thirty healthy New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into low decompression group and rapid decompression group. The respective activity of ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF and blood of rabbits was measured. Results Various degrees of increase in activity of ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF were observed after rapid decompression. Conclusion The simultaneous enhancement of activity of these enzymes suggest that there was injury to the lung consistent with the degree of injury after rapid decompression.

Neuroprotective effect of acteoside against rotenone-induced damage of SH-SY5Y cells and its possible mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of acteoside against rotenone-induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells and the effect of acteoside on the expression of Parkinson disease (PD)-related proteins Parkin and ?-Synuclein(?-Syn), and to discover the underlying molecular mechanism of neuroprotection by acteoside. Methods The activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was measured by spectroscopy. Expressions of Parkin and ?-Syn were studied using Western blot analysis, and the distribution of ?-Syn was analyzed using immunofluorescence technique. Results ① Acteoside (10, 20 or 40 mg?L-1) pretreatment for 6 h markedly reduced the release of LDH induced by 0.5 ?mol ?L-1 rotenone; ② Treatment with 0.5 ?mol?L-1 rotenone for 48 h led to significant Parkin cleavage and increased formation of ?-Syn protein dimer; ③ Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with acteoside (10, 20 or 40 mg?L-1) for 6 h markedly reduced the cleavage of Parkin induced by 0.5 ?mol?L-1 rotenone in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the aggregation of ?-Syn and decreased ?-Syn-positive SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that pretreatment of acteoside has a potent neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells damage and its mechanism might involve in reducing the cleavage of Parkin and inhibitng ?-Syn expression induced by rotenone.