Efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en la fisura anal secundaria / Effectiveness of Treating Secondary Anal Fissure with Platelet and Leukocyte-Rich Plasma

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas es un producto derivado de la sangre, rico en péptidos y proteínas de señalización intercelular, así como citoquinas capaces de intervenir en cada una de las etapas de la regeneración de varios tejidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria que asistieron a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey en el período de enero de 2020 a enero de 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental. El universo lo conformaron todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta en ese período. La muestra no probabilística intencionada la conformaron 130 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de fisura anal secundaria que recibieron tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Resultados: El tiempo de cicatrización de la fisura anal permitió corroborar la efectividad del tratamiento; además, la mayoría de los pacientes evolucionaron de forma favorable. El dolor fue la complicación más visible pues presentó significación estadística al establecer la relación entre las variables. Se demostró que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaqueta y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria es efectivo y seguro en la evaluación final del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Lo expuesto permite considerar que los pacientes tratados obtuvieron buenos resultados al hacer uso del plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Por consiguiente, tiene un resultado positivo en no mostrar complicaciones y una alta posibilidad de que el paciente tratado evolucione en mejor condición(AU)

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma is a blood-derived product, rich in peptides and intercellular signaling proteins, as well as cytokines capable of intervening in each of the stages of regeneration of various tissues. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure who attended the coloproctology office at Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie of Camagüey from January 2020 to January 2023. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, whose universe consisted of all the patients who came for consultation during that period. The nonprobabilistic purposive sample consisted of 130 adult patients with a diagnosis of secondary anal fissure who received treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Results: The healing time of the anal fissure allowed corroborating the effectiveness of the treatment; in addition, most of the patients evolved favorably. Pain was the most visible complication since it presented statistical significance when the relationship between the variables were established. Treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure proved effective and safe in the final assessment of the treatment. Conclusions: The above allows considering that the treated patients obtained good outcomes when making use of platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Therefore, it has a positive outcome, not showing complications and a high possibility for the treated patient to evolve in a better condition(AU)

Síndrome de Béguez-Steinbrinck-Higashi: un nuevo epónimo para el síndrome de Chediak-Higashi / Béguez-Steinbrinck-Higashi syndrome: a new eponymous for the Chediak-Higashi syndrome

En diciembre de 1943, el Dr. Antonio María Béguez César detalló en el Boletín de la Sociedad Cubana de Pediatría los aspectos clínicos y hematológicos de una rara afección que padecieron tres niños de una familia santiaguera, quienes fallecieron en sus primeros años de vida. No había informes sobre hallazgos similares en la bibliografía médica, por lo cual se consideró la primera descripción de una enfermedad denominada por él como neutropenia crónica maligna familiar con granulaciones atípicas de los leucocitos, que aún hoy suele divulgarse erróneamente como síndrome de Chediak-Higashi y no como síndrome de Béguez-Steinbrinck-Higashi. Esta enfermedad es una inmunodeficiencia primaria causada por mutaciones en el gen regulador de la función lisosomal, capaz de alterar la formación del fagolisosoma en el neutrófilo y determinar la presencia de gránulos secretores gigantes en su interior, asociadas a un predominio de infecciones recurrentes generadas por bacterias piógenas. Aquí se realiza un recuento histórico del descubrimiento de esta entidad y se actualiza su fisiopatología(AU)

On December 1943, Dr. Antonio María Béguez César detailed in the Journal of the Cuban Pediatric Society the clinical and hematologic aspects of a rare disorder suffered by three children from a family in the locality, who expired during the first years of their lives in Santiago de Cuba. At that moment there was no report about similar findings in the medical literature, therefore it is considered the first description of a disease denominated by him as familial malignant chronic neutropenia with atypical granulations of leucocytes, misleadingly revealed as Chediak-Higashi syndrome instead of Béguez-Steinbrinck-Higashi syndrome. This disease consists of a primary immunodeficiency induced by mutations in the regulator gen of the lysosomal function, which is able to alter the formation of phagolysosoma in the neutrophil and determine the presence of giant secretor granules associated with the predominance of recurrent infections provoked by pyogen bacteria. Here, a brief history of it's discovery as well as an updating of it's physiopathology are carried out(AU)

Evolution of Periodontal Disease: Immune Response and RANK/RANKL/OPG System

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate markers of bone loss and immune response present in evolution of periodontal disease. One hundred and two Wistar rats were divided into three animals groups: PD0, without ligation and PD15 days and PD60 days, submitted to ligation placement with a sterile 3-0 silk cord in the cervical region of the upper first molar on both sides. Samples were obtained from the gingival tissue for histomorphometric analysis, immunohistochemical analysis of RANK, RANKL, OPG, characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate, quantification of nitric oxide, MCP-1, RANTES, IP10 chemokines, and expression of the TGF-b1, VEG, and bFGF. The number of inflammatory cells in gingival tissue was higher in PD60 samples. The collagen content and the area occupied by birefringent collagen fibers were lower for PD60. Differential leukocyte counting showed that there was a significantly higher polymorphonuclear influx in group PD15, while PD60 showed a greater number of lymphocytes. PD60 showed higher RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1 gene transcripts, as well as a higher nitric oxide concentration. Clinical evaluation revealed that the PD60 group presented an increase in furcal area. In conclusion, in this animal model the increase of RANK/RANKL and HGF markers is related to a specific immune response, and probably contributed to the evolution of periodontal disease. Investigating the effect of these biomarkers can help in targeted therapy for bone resorption, since blocking these can inhibit bone loss.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou marcadores de perda óssea e da resposta imune presentes na evolução da doença periodontal. Cento e dois ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos de animais: PD0, sem ligadura e PD15 dias e PD60 dias, submetidos a colocação de ligadura com um fio de seda estéril 3-0 na região cervical do primeiro molar superior em ambos os lados. Foram obtidas amostras de tecido gengival para análise histomorfométrica, análises imunohistoquímicas de RANK, RANKL, OPG, caracterização do infiltrado inflamatório, quantificação de óxido nítrico, expressão de quimiocinas MCP-1, RANTES, IP10 e do TGF-b1, VEGF e bFGF . O número de células inflamatórias no tecido gengival foi maior nas amostras PD60. O teor de colágeno na área ocupada pelas fibras de colágeno birrefringentes foram menores para PD60. A contagem diferencial de leucócitos mostrou que houve um influxo polimorfonuclear significativamente maior no grupo PD15, enquanto que PD60 mostrou número maior de linfócitos. PD60 apresentou transcritos de genes RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1 mais elevados, bem como uma maior concentração de óxido nítrico. A avaliação clínica revelou que o grupo PD60 apresentou aumento da área óssea exposta na região da furca. Em conclusão, neste modelo animal o aumento dos marcadores RANK/RANKL e HGF está relacionado a uma resposta imunológica específica e provavelmente contribuiu para a evolução da doença periodontal. Investigar o efeito destes biomarcadores pode ajudar na terapia dirigida para a reabsorção óssea, uma vez que bloquear estes pode inibir a perda óssea.

Adsorptive Granulocyte and Monocyte Apheresis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: The First Multicenter Study in China

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) have elevated levels of activated myeloid-derived leukocytes as a source of inflammatory cytokines. The selective depletion of these leukocytes by adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn should alleviate inflammation, promote remission and enhance drug efficacy. However, studies have reported contrasting efficacy outcomes based on patients’ baseline demographic variables. This study was undertaken to understand the demographic features of GMA responders and nonresponders. METHODS: This was a multicenter study in China involving four institutions and 34 patients with active UC. Baseline conventional medications were continued without changing the dosage. The treatment efficacy was evaluated based on the endoscopic activity index and the Mayo score. RESULTS: Thirty of the 34 patients completed all 10 GMA treatment sessions. The overall efficacy rate was 70.59%. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve was approximately 0.766 for a Mayo score of ≤5.5 with 0.273 specificity and 0.857 sensitivity (Youden index, 0.584) for GMA responders. No GMA-related serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The overall efficacy of GMA in patients with active UC who were taking first-line medications or were corticosteroid refractory was encouraging. Additionally, GMA was well tolerated and had a good safety profile.

A study on HLA-DR/DQ typing in adult Malay patients with acute amoebic liver abscess

Introduction: Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica that may lead to death in developing countries. Few important risk factors have been identified in the development of amoebic liver abscess (ALA). There are limited reports that suggest an association between antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) particularly class II antigens and ALA development. This present work aimed at studying the possible association of HLA antigens with ALA and disease severity. Results of the study may serve as a guide for further immunological studies dealing with E. histolytica. Methods: This preliminary study involved two groups of subjects: 20 ALA patients in the experimental group and 40 healthy individuals in the control group. Cases were selected from adult Malay patients confirmed with ALA based on clinical signs and symptoms, radiological findings, microbiological findings and who were admitted to the medical or surgical ward, Hospital USM, Kelantan. Venous blood was obtained from each patient and HLA typing was then conducted using polymerase chain reaction specific primer sequence. Results: HLA DR12 was most frequently found in the healthy control and ALA groups at 40% and 55% respectively. HLA DQ7 and DQ8 were found to have the highest percentage in the ALA group at 65%. In the control group, HLA DQ8 (57.5%) had the highest percentage. Conclusion: HLA antigens play a role in acquisition of ALA and provide understanding of the disease outcome.

Correlation between Percentages of PMN, MNC, FBC and Wound Age after Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), mononuclear cells (MNC) and fibroblastic cells (FBC) in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle me-chanical injury in rats. Methods The rat model of skeletal muscle mechanical injury was established. The rats were divided into injured groups (6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injury ) and con-trol group. The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle mechanical injury were assessed with HE staining and image analysis. Results At post-injury 6-12 h, the percentages of PMN and MNC infiltration appeared in injured sites and that of PMN reached peak. At 1 d, the percentage of MNC infiltration appeared and reached peak, while that of PMN de-creased. At 3-7 d, the percentage of FBC gradually increased, while that of PMN and MNC decreased. At 10-14 d, the percentage of FBC reached peak. Conclusion The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in injured zones showed time-dependent changes, which might be used as reference index for determination of age of skeletal muscle injury.

Effects of Smoking Cessation on Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes of Chronic Smoker

OBJECTIVE: The risks of cigarette smoking concerning higher systemic disease mortality are lessened by smoking cessation. METHODS: Microarray analysis compared the expression profiles of smokers who were successful and not successful at smoking cessation, with the goal of identifying genes that might serve as potential biomarkers or that might be valuable in elucidating distinct biological mechanisms. The mRNAs were isolated and compared from peripheral leukocytes of six smokers who were successful in cessation and six smokers who failed in smoking cessation. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety nine genes displayed significantly different expression; 196 genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated in the success group compared to the failure group. Twenty four of these genes were identified with biological processes including immunity, cytoskeleton and cell growth/cycle. Real-time PCR confirmed the differential gene expression. The mRNA levels of HEPACAM family member 2 (HEPACAM2) and tropomodulin 1 (TMOD1) were significantly more expressed in the success group, while the mRNA ubiquitin specific peptides 18 (USP18) were significantly less expressed in the success group compared to the failure group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that smoking cessation can modulate cell adhesion and immune response by regulating expression levels of genes, especially HEPACAM2, TMOD1 and USP18, which have an important relationship with smoking cessation.

Acute aerocistitis induced by thioglycolate, lipopolysaccharide and inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila in Piaractus mesopotamicus: hematological effects / Aerocistite aguda induzida por tioglicolato, lipolisacarídeo e Aeromona hydrophila inativada em Piaractus mesopotamicus: efeitos hematológicos

The effects of swim bladder injection with thioglycolate, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-inactivat ed Aeromonas hydrophila were assessed on hematological responses in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae). A quantitative assessment was done on erythrocytes, thrombocytes e leucocytes at 6, 24, and 48 h pos-injection of the inflammatory agents and compared with fish injected with saline solution (control). Fish injected with inactivated A. hydrophila showed a reduction of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, whereas the hematocrit increased 6 h pos-injection. The results show that thioglycolate and LPS also induced a reduction on hemoglobin and an increase on the hematocrit. The thrombocytes count decreased 6 h post A. hydrophila injection, whereas increased 48 hours post LPS injection. The leukocytes count increased after 6 h post A. hydrophila injection, while the lymphocytes and PAS-positive granularleukocytes (PAS-LG) count decreased after 24 h post injection. In fish injected with thioglycolate or with LPS showed an increase in the LG-PAS counts when compared to A. hydrophila or control groups. The monocytes count was not affected by the different inflammatory agents.

Os efeitos da injeção de tioglicolato, lipolissacarídio de Escherichia coli e Aeromonas hydrophila inativada na bexiga natatória de pacus, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae) foram avaliados quanto às respostas de células vermelhas, leucócitos e trombócitos do sangue. Ensaios quantitativos de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos foram realizados 6, 24 e 48 h após os estímulos e comparados com peixes que receberam solução salina 0,65% pela mesma via. Peixes inoculados com A. hydrophila apresentaram redução do número de eritrócitos e da taxa de hemoglobina enquanto o hematócrito aumentou 6 h após o estímulo. Os resultados mostraram que o tioglicolato e o LPS também induziram redução da hemoglobina e aumento do hematócrito. A contagem de trombócitos diminuiu 6 h após a inoculação de A. hydrophila inativada e aumentou 48 horas após a injeção de LPS. A contagem de leucócitos aumentou 6 h após a inoculação de A. hydrophila enquanto a de linfócitos a leucócitos granulares PAS positivos (PAS_LG) diminuiu 24 h depois. Peixes injetados com tioglicolato o LPS apresentaram aumento do número de LG_PAS em relação aos inoculados com A. hydrophila inativada ou grupo controle. A contagem de monócitos não foi afetada pelos diferentes agentes.

Efeito da adição de glucomanano modificado em dietas contendo aflatoxina sobre parâmetros clínicos de ovinos / Effect of the modified glucomannan in diets containing aflatoxin on the clinical parameters in sheep

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do adsorvente (ADS) glucomanano modificado sobre parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e ruminais de ovinos submetidos a dietas contendo aflatoxina (AFLA). Foram utilizadas 22 ovelhas mestiças (Corriedale e Texel), com 18 meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com a adição de AFLA (1,5 PPM) ou ADS (2 PPM) na fração concentrada da dieta: animais recebendo AFLA na dieta (AFLA; n=6); animais recebendo AFLA e ADS na dieta (AFLA/ADS; n=6); animais recebendo ADS na dieta (ADS; n=5) e grupo controle, sem adição de ADS ou AFLA na dieta (CONTROLE; n=5). As dietas foram fornecidas por um período de 42 dias. Foram realizadas coletas de fluido ruminal a cada sete dias e avaliações clínicas (exame físico geral, urinálise e hemograma) a cada 10 dias. Quanto ao perfil leucocitário, a suplementação com adsorvente aumentou a concentração plasmática de eosinófilos. Os demais parâmetros clínicos e ruminais não foram influenciados pela presença do adsorvente ou da aflatoxina na dieta. Assim, o adsorvente glucomanano modificado influenciou a resposta leucocitária de ovinos, porém sem efeito na função ruminal e nos parâmetros clínicos avaliados.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified glucomannan adsorbent (ADS) on the clinical, hematological and ruminal parameters in sheep subjected to diets containing aflatoxins (AFLA). Twenty two crossbred ewes (Corriedale vs Texel), aging 18 months were separated into four groups according to the addition of AFLA (1,5 PPM) or ADS (2 PPM) in the concentrate portion of the diet: animals receiving AFLA in the diet (AFLA; n=6); animals receiving AFLA and ADS in the diet (AFLA/ADS; n=6); animals receiving ADS in the diet (n=5) and control group, without addition of the ADS or AFLA in the diet (CONTROL; n=5). The diets were supplied during 42 days. Ruminal fluid was collected and analysed every seven days and the clinical evaluations (clinical examination, urinalysis, and hemogram) every 10 days. The addition of adsorbent increased the plasmatic concentration of eosinophiles. Clinical and ruminal parameters were not affected by the presence of adsorbent or aflatoxin into the diet. The modified glucomannan adsorbent influenced the leukocyte response of sheep, but no effect on ruminal function and clinical parameters.

Efficacy of boswellic acid on lysosomal acid hydrolases, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant status in gouty arthritic mice

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice. Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups. Group I served as control;mice in group II were injected with monosodium urate crystal;group III consisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid (30 mg/kg/b.w.);group IV comprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.w.). Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. In addition, the levels of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in vitro. Results:The activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice, whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased. However, these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration. In vitro, boswellic acid reduced the level of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid, which was already well established by several investigators.

Presença de formas amastigotas de leishmania chagasi e perfil leucocitário no aparelho reprodutivo de cães / Presence of amastigotes forms the leishmania chagasi and profile the leucocytes cells in the reproductive tract of dogs

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é a doença de maior relevância zoonótica. Usualmente, a infecção ocorre entre um hospedeiro invertebrado para um hospedeiro vertebrado, entretanto, a transmissão na ausência do vetor já é conhecida. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a presença de formas amastigotas, quantificar as células leucocitárias, estimar o risco relativo da presença de formas amastigotas no aparelho reprodutivo de cães sorologicamente positivos com e sem sinais clínicos. Para isso, foram utilizados cães sem raça definida, sexualmente maduros e testados sorologicamente para LVC (com sinais clínicos, n=25; sem sinais clínicos, n=25), que após eutanásia, tiveram fragmentos de testículo, epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) e glândula prostática (selecionados ao acaso) impressos em lâminas. Um grupo de 20 cãs sorologicamente negativos e sem sinais clínicos foi usado como controle. Amostras do baço foram incluídas com controle parasitológico positivo. O percentual de linfócitos foi superior (P<0,05) no corpo e cauda do epidídimo, assim como no testículo. Macrófagos foram superiores (P<0,05) apenas nas regiões do corpo e cauda epididimais. A presença de amastigotas correlacionou-se entre as distintas regiões do aparelho reprodutivo. Nos sintomáticos variaram entre 0,50 a 0,80 e entre 0,79 a 0,95 nos assintomáticos. A presença de amastigotas no testículo dos cães sintomáticos foi 6,5 vezes superior aos cães assintomáticos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o potencial epidemiológico da transmissão venérea da doença, principalmente em áreas onde os programas de controle da LVC não consideram esta forma de transmissão, que pode ser importante em populações caninas não esterilizadas.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. Canine visceral leishmaniasis (VLC) is most important. The infection occurs usually between the invertebrate host and vertebrate host; however, transmission in the absence of the vector has been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of amastigote forms, quantify the leucocyte cells and to estimate the presence (odds ratio) of the amastigotes in the reproductive tract of dogs serologically positive with and without clinical signs. Sexually mature Mongrel dogs, serologically tested to VLC (symptomatic, n=25; asymptomatic, n=25), were used. After euthanasia, testes, epidydimal (caput, corpus and cauda) and prostate gland fragments (randomized) were recovered and impressed on slides. Twenty animals serologically negative and asymptomatic were used as control group. Samples of spleen were included as parasitological positive controls. Lymphocyte percentages were higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and caudal region of epididymis, similar to the testes in the symptomatic group. Macrophage percentage was higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and caudal epididymis regions. The presence of amastigote forms was associated with different regions of the reproductive tract. In the symptomatic group, the variation was between 0.50 and 0.80, and in the symptomatic between 0.79 and 0.95. The odds ratio for amastigote forms in the testicle of the symptomatic dogs was 6.5 in relation to asymptomatic dogs. The results demonstrate the epidemic potential of venereal transmission of the disease, specifically in areas where control programs of VLC do not consider this transmission route.

Leucocyte counts in anaemia.

Anaemia, a frequently encountered clinical entity, is commonly overlooked and considered secondary to underlying illness but it alters the length and quality of life. A number of epidemiologic studies have shown a correlation between white blood cell (WBC) counts and ischaemic events. Elevated leucocytes is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and ischaemic diseases. Since anaemia is associated with hypoxia and ischaemia, it may be possible that it may affect white blood cells (WBCs). The present study is planned to estimate total and differential (TLC and DLC) leucocyte counts, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) and platelet counts in anaemia. Reticulocyte counts (P<0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.001) were higher in anaemic vs controls. TLC was insignificantly higher. On differential count neutrophils (%) (P<0.01) and basophils (%) (P<0.001) were higher, eosinophils and monocytes were less (P< 0.001), without any alterations in lymphocyte counts in anaemic subjects. Poikilocytosis and anisocytosis of RBC is also present in patients of anaemia. Increased N/L ratio (P<0.001) and decreased platelet counts (P<0.05) was observed in cases of anaemia compared to controls. Leucocytes are altered in cases of anaemia.

Hematological parameters of native fish species of the Tocantins river, Auchenipterus nuchalis, Psectrogaster amazônica and Squaliforma emarginata (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.1024 / Parâmetros hematológicos de espécies nativas do rio Tocantins, Auchenipterus nuchalis, Psectrogaster amazônica e Squaliforma emarginata (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.1024

This study evaluated the hematological characteristics and erythrocyte morphometry in Auchenipterus nuchalis, Psectrogaster amazonica and Squaliforma emarginata captured in Tocantins river. The samples were taken in the Tocantins river, where blood was collected by puncturing the caudal vein of the animals. The complete hemogram and morphometry of the erythrocytes were determined. Auchenipterus nuchalis (n = 15) showed the largest number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit, followed by P. amazonica (n = 26) and S. emarginata (n = 26). Squaliforma emarginata showed the largest erythrocytes and the smallest number of circulating cells. Squaliforma emarginata also showed the highest number of circulating blast cells (orthochromatic and polychromatophil erythrocytes) in the peripheral blood. These differences can be attributed to respiratory adaptations of a behavioral or physiological nature related to the environment. The highest percentage of lymphocytes was observed in P. amazonica, and of monocytes and neutrophils in A. nuchalis. The variation among the species in the percentages of leucocytes can also be attributed to the niche occupied, favored by exposure to different microorganisms.

Neste estudo, foram avaliadas as características hematológicas e a morfometria de Auchenipterus nuchalis, Psectrogaster amazônica e Squaliforma emarginata, capturados no rio Tocantins. As amostragens foram realizadas no rio Tocantins, onde o sangue foi coletado por punção caudal dos animais, determinando-se hemograma completo e morfometria dos eritrócitos. Auchenipterus nuchalis (n = 15) apresentou maior número de eritrócitos, hemoglobina e hematócrito, seguido de P. amazônica (n = 26) e S. emarginata (n = 26). O tamanho dos eritrócitos foi maior para S. emarginata, mostrando que quanto maior o tamanho dos eritrócitos, menor o número de células circulantes. Squaliforma emarginata também apresentou maior número de blastos (eritrócitos ortocromáticos e policromatófilos) no sangue periférico. Estas diferenças podem ser atribuídas a adaptações respiratórias de natureza comportamental e/ou fisiológicas, relacionadas ao meio ambiente. O maior percentual de linfócitos foi observado em P. amazônica; o de monócitos e neutrófilos, na espécie A. nuchalis. A variação nos percentuais de leucócitos entre as espécies pode estar relacionada ao nicho ocupado, favorecido pela exposição a diferentes microrganismos.

Korean Mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) Extract Induces Eel (Anguilla japonica) Non-specific Immunity

BACKGROUND: The immunomodulatory effects of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) on the innate immune responses of eel (Anguilla japonica) were studied. METHODS: Mistletoe, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control was injected into eel peritoneal cavities. RESULTS: Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells in the head kidney of eel were significantly augmented by the second day post-injection of mistletoe. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) were more produced in mistletoe-injected fish kidney leucocytes than in FCA-injected ones. The level of lysozyme activity in the serum of fish 2 days after injection with mistletoe was also significantly higher than that in the serum of the control fish. The optimal concentration of mistletoe in inducing the highest serum lysozyme activity was revealed to 500microgram/200 g of fish. In phagocytic activity assay, mistletoe-sensitized eel kidney phagocytes captured more zymosan than did the control fish. CONCLUSION: Korean mistletoe appeared to be a good activator of the non-specific immune responses of eel.

HEMATOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA SANGUÍNEA DE JUVENILES DE RUBIO (Salminus affinis PISCES: CHARACIDAE) DEL RÍO SINÚ / Hematology and Blood Chemistry of Juveniles Rubio (Salminus affinis Pisces: Characidae) Captured in the River Sinú

Rubio Salminus affinis es un pez reofílico, distribuido en ríos de Colombia y Ecuador . Se estudiaron características hematológicas y química sanguínea buscando generar información básica para desarrollar tecnologías de producción piscícola. Fueron examinados diez rubios juveniles aparentemente sanos (117,5±38,6 g de peso y 17,6±3,3 cm de longitud total) capturados en el río Sinú. Los peces se tranquilizaron durante cinco minutos en agua a 18 °C y se tomaron 2 mL de sangre por vacutecnia con EDTA (Vacuette®, Greiner Bioone, USA). La química se determinó utilizando reactivos para cada parámetro (ByoSystems SA, España) y el hemograma se desarrolló con técnicas tradicionales, a excepción del recuento total de leucocitos y trombocitos en el que se utilizó el reactivo de Natt y Herricks. Los frotis sanguíneos fueron teñidos con Wright y en ellos se determinaron las dimensiones celulares. El recuento total de eritrocitos fue 2,2±0,4x10(6)/mm³, los trombocitos 25,4±4,4x10³/mm³ y los leucocitos fueron estimados en 6,1±2,0x10³/mm³. El conteo diferencial de leucocitos fue 68,8±5,9% linfocitos, 28,5±5,2% neutrófilos, 2,1±0,9% monocitos, 0,4±1,3% basófilos y 0,2±0,4% eosinófilos. La hemoglobina en 12,53±2,2 g/dL y el hematocrito 36,2%. Los índices eritrocitarios: volumen corpuscular medio (VCM) 163,8±22,6 fL, concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM) 35,0±7,5 g/dL y hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM) de 58,5±19,7 pg. Las proteínas totales fueron 3,8±5,9 g/dL, glucosa 128,9±21,9 mg/dL, colesterol 277,8±92,7 mg/dL, triglicéridos 192,0±109,1 mg/dL y albúmina 2,0±0,3 g/dL. Los resultados sugieren que las características hematológicas de rubio están en el rango reportado para peces neotropicales aparentemente sanos.

Rubio Salminus affinis is distributed in Colombia and Ecuador rivers. To develop new technologies of fishery production, hematological and blood chemistry of 10 juvenile Rubios captured in Sinú river, apparently healthy were examined (117.5+38.6 g of weight and 17.6+3.3 cm of total length). Fishes were calmed during five minutes in water at 18 °C and 2 mL of blood samples were taken in EDTA (Vacuette®). The chemistry was determined using ByoSystems INC ( Spain ), reagents and blood count were developed with traditional techniques with the exception of total leukocyte and thrombocyte for which the reagent of Natt and Herricks was used. The blood smears were dyed with Wright and cellular dimensions were determined. The total erythrocytes were of 2.2+0.4x10(6)/mm³, thrombocytes 25.4+4.4x10³/mm³ and leukocytes were estimated in 6.1+2.0x10³/mm³. The differential count of leukocytes were of 68.8+5.9% Lymphocytes, 28.5+5.2% neutrophils, 2.1+0.9% monocytes, 0.4+1.3% basophils and 0.2+0.4% eosinophils. The hemoglobin in 12.53+2.2 g/dL, and the hematocrit 36.2%. The erythrocyte index: Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 163.8+22.6 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 35.0+7.5 g/dL and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 58.5+19.7 pg. Total proteins were 3.8+5.9 g/dL, glucose 128.9+21.9 mg/dL, cholesterol 277.8+92.7 mg/dL, triglycerides 192.0+109.1 mg/dL and albumin 2.0+0.3 g/dL. The results suggest that the hematological characteristics of Rubio are in range for neotropical apparently healthy fishes.

Leucocitos e inflamação em pacientes com anemia falciforme / Leukocytes and inflammation in sickle cell disease patients

Os pacientes com anemia falciforme sofrem repetidos episódios de vasooclusâo caracterizados por lesão de isquemia-reperfusão e inflamação. Por esse motivo, a anemia falciforme é considerada um modelo de doença da microvasculatura, no qual há interação entre o endotélio, plaquetas, hemácias e leucócitos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar o papel de leucócitos mononucleares no processo inflamatório da anemia falciforme e a liberação de citocinas relacionadas à ativação do sistema NADPH oxidase em monócitos de pacientes com anemia falciforme estáveis. TNF-a, IFN-y e IL-10 foram detectados por meio de técnica de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), utilizando kits comerciais. Após 24 horas de cultura com PHA; leucócitos mononucleares (PBMCs) de controles sadios liberaram quantidades significativamente maiores de TNFct, em relação aos de pacientes falciformes (p=0,02). Após 8 horas de cultura com LPS, também observamos maior liberação de TNF-a por PBMCs de controles sadios em relação aos pacientes falciformes (p=0,04). A liberação de TNF-a por monócitos de pacientes com doença falciforme e de controles sadios foi similar quando as células foram cultivadas em condições basais por 24 horas (p=0,25) ou após 24h (p=0,48) ou 48 horas de cultura com LPS (p=0,47). Após 48 horas de cultura com PFIA, a liberação de TNF-y por linfócitos de pacientes com doença falciforme foi...

Sickle cell disease patients suffer repeated episodes of vaso-occlusion. These episodes are characterized by ischemia-reperfusion injury and inflammation. Thus, sickle cell disease is considered a model of microvessel disease and a complex interaction among endothelial cells, platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mononuclear leukocytes in the inflammatory process of sickle cell disease and the release of cytokines related to the NADPH oxidase components activation in mononuclear leukocytes from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). TNF-a, IFN-y and IL-10 were detected in culture supernatants by standard commercial ELISA immunoassay kits. There was significant higher release of TNF-a by PBMC from healthy controls compared to SCD patients after 24h PHA stimulus (p-0.02) or 8h LPS stimulus (p=0.04). There was no significant difference in the release of TNF-a by monocytes from SCD patients compared to healthy controls. INF-y release by lymphocytes from SCD patients was significantly higher compared to healthy controls...

Preliminary study of the correlation of neovascularization in cornea after cautery with acid and the epithelial defect, the infiltrating of leucocytes / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the correlation between corneal neovascularization (CNV) in rat after cautery with acid and the defect in epithelium, the infiltrating of leucocytes. Methods The model of mild, moderate and severe acid burn in rat cornea was established. Corneal angiogenesis and the diameter of the epithelial defect were observed with a slit lamp microscope. The ratio of neovascularization area to that of cornea was calculated. The specimens were taken to stain with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) at different time points after cautery and the number of the leucocytes in cornea was calculated with light microscope. The relation between CNV and the diameter of epithelial defect and the infiltrating leucocytes in cornea was analyzed with Pearson's correlation. Results The healing of epithelium differed with different degree of acid burn. The more damage the eye suffered, the more time it would take to heal. Leucocytes infiltrated in cornea after cautery. The more damage the eye suffer, the more leucocytes can be observed, and the statistical difference was significant (P

SCE Analysis In Treated And Unteated Leprosy Patients.

Spontaneow sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was studied in fifteen leprosy patients and twelve age matched controls. The mean SCH/cell was 10.23 + 4.1 in controls. The three untreated patients had mean SCE/cell value of 20.3 + 1.41. Among patients under treatment, five patients in initial stage of disease and treatment duration between one to nine months, the mean SCE/cell value was 29.78 + 4.244. In the seven patients with advanced stage of disease and treatment duration between 20 to 50 months, the mean SCE/cell value was 31.87 + 7.31. The results indicate a clastogenic effect of leprosy on peripheral leucocytes, which was increased due to anti-leprosy treatment.

Effect of ketamine on phosphodiesterase activities in lung tissue and leukocytes in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on the phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities in lung tissue and leukocytes in rats. Methods Twenty SD rats weighing 140-160 g were randomly divided into two groups of 10 animals each : (A) ketamine group received intraperitoneal ketamine 10 mgkg-1 and (B) control group received equal volume of normal saline ip. Thirty minutes after ketamine administration the animals were sacrificed by exsanguination. Leukocytes were separated and 25 mg of lung tissue was obtained for determination of PDE activities by HPLC. Results The PDE activities in both lung tissue and leukocytes were lower in ketamine group than those in control group ( P

The study of the adhesive properties of PMN and endothelial cells in patients with cerebral infarction / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the change of adhesive properties of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMN) and endothelial cells (EC) in patients with cerebral infarction (CI), and define the effects of antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM 1, anti CD54 antibodies) upon the adhesion.Methods We detected the adhesive rate between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV 304) and PMN of patients with CI within 1 week and at 21 days.Results (1) The adhesive rate of ECV 304 to PMN of 30 patients with CI within 1 week increased significantly ( P