ABSTRACT
Background: Oral lichen planus is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% to 2% of the population, the etiology of which is currently unknown. The objectives of this study were to observe if senescence occurs in oral lichen planus, through the assessment of the immunohistochemical expression of a novel marker for senescence called Senescence marker protein-30 or regucalcin, and compare the expression to that in oral lichenoid reaction and non-specific inflammation. Subjects and Methods: The study material consisted of 30 cases of oral lichen planus, 15 cases of oral lichenoid reaction and 15 cases of non-specific inflammation. The number of positive cells in ten randomly selected high power fields were counted in the epithelium and the connective tissue separately and the mean was determined. Results: Mann–Whitney U test was used to statistically analyze if there was any significant difference in the expression of Senescence marker protein-30 between oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid reaction and non-specific inflammation. Even though a greater expression was seen in the oral lichen planus cases than oral lichenoid reaction, the difference in both the epithelium and connective tissue was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study shows that in addition to the already known mechanisms like apoptosis and increased cell proliferation rates, the activated T-lymphocytes may also trigger a senescent change in the cells of oral lichen planus. As with the other mechanisms, this is also seen only in a small proportion of the cases.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To investigate the pathogenic factors and clinical manifestations of contact stomatitis, and to provide references for its clinical diagnosis and prevention. @*Methods@#The data of 55 subjects with contact stomatitis were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, pathogenic factors, type of lesions and site of occurrence.@*Results@#Among the 55 patients, contact stomatitis occurred at all ages, 19 were male, 36 were female, and the ratio of males to females was 1∶1.89. Among 55 patients, 78.18% (43/55) were caused by oral mucosal contact with dental materials: amalgam fillings accounted for 52.73% (29/55), metal crowns accounted for 9.09% (5/55), removable denture plastic bases accounted for 9.09% (5/55), resin fillings accounted for 5.45% (3/55), and alginate impression materials accounted for 1.82% (1/55); 21.82% (12/55) were caused by oral mucosal contact with food and daily necessities. The clinical manifestations of contact stomatitis include lichenoid reaction, erythema and erosion. The most common site of contact stomatitis was the cheek, followed by the tongue, and the lips, and the gingival and palatal areas were relatively rare. In the buccal mucosa, the incidence of lichenoid reaction was 55% (22/40), which was higher than that of erosion (20%) and erythema (25%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For tongue, lip, gingiva and palate, there was no significant difference in the incidence of the three lesion types（P > 0.05）.@*Conclusion@#Contact stomatitis occurred at all ages, and there are more female patients than males with contact stomatitis. Dental materials, especially metal and acrylic materials (such as the plastic base of removable dentures, resin fillings, adhesives, and self-setting plastics), are the main pathogenic factors. In buccal mucosa, the incidence of lichenoid reaction is higher.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Quid-chewing habit is a common and old tradition in India. It causes various potentially malignant disorders. Therefore, a study was undertaken to analyze the association of various quid-chewing habit patterns and different oromucosal lesions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 cases, where all the individuals selected were having quid-chewing habit and oromucosal lesions. Detailed habit history was taken through preformed questionnaire, clinical examination was done, and the lesion was subjected to incisional biopsy and confirmed histopathologically. Results: The male to female ratio of various quid-chewing habit and oromucosal lesions was 9:1. The middle aged were more commonly involved. Of the various types of quids chewed, a combination of processed betel and processed tobacco which is commercially available was used by majority of the individuals. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) was seen in majority of the cases. Interpretation and Conclusion: The present study confirms the association between betel, tobacco, and various lesions such as OSMF, leukoplakia, chewer's mucosa, lichenoid reaction, and chemical burn. It also confirms the strong association of betel to OSMF and tobacco to leukoplakia
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura apresentando características clínicas e histopatológicas que possam ajudar o profissional a caracterizar e diferenciar o líquen plano oral da reação liquenoide. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados artigos em português e inglês, em humanos, de 2000 até os dias atuais, nos bancos de dados da PubMed / MEDLINE e BVS. Resultados: Foram obtidos 404 artigos e foram selecionados 16, sendo 11 com ênfase nas características clínicas e histopatológicas simultaneamente; três com características clínicas; três com características histopatológicas. Conclusão: As características clínicas e histopatológicas do LPO e da RLO são bastante semelhantes, existindo apenas pequenas diferenças que podem auxiliar na sua diferenciação
Objective: To perform a literature review focus on clinical and histopathologic features that can help professionals to characterize and differentiate OLP from OLR. Material and Methods: Scientific papers were selected in Portuguese and English languages, which were performed in humans, since 2013 until the present day, in the databases of the Medical Literature Analysis (PubMed / MEDLINE) and in Health Virtual Library (HVL). Results: It was obtained 404 published papers and 16 were selected, 11 were focused on clinical and histopathologic features simultaneously; two on clinical features; and three on histopathologic features. Conclusion: Clinical and histopathological features of OLP and OLR are quite similar but minor differences can help professionals to differentiate them.
ABSTRACT
El enalapril es un medicamento muy utilizado por su efectividad para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial; sin embargo, en algunos casos genera como efecto adverso reacciones liquenoides. El cuadro clínico de esta alteración es variado, manifiesta lesiones similares al liquen plano en piel y/o en mucosa bucal, resultado de una reacción de hipersensibilidad de un organismo susceptible a este medicamento. Presentamos el caso de un paciente femenino de 49 años de edad, quien refiere sangrado gingival espontáneo y al cepillado dental, dolor y ardor con alimentos ácidos, calientes y picantes desde hace tres años, multitratada con antibióticos y antimicóticos sin mejorar la sintomatología. Se diagnostica interdisciplinariamente por el Servicio de Periodoncia, Patología Bucal y Dermatología. El tratamiento bucal consistió en la enseñanza de una correcta higiene bucal junto con terapia corticoidea tópica y cambio del medicamento que provocó las lesiones.
Enalapril is a drug widely used due to its effectiveness in the treatment of blood hypertension cases, nevertheless, it occasionally generates lichenoid reactions as negative effect. The clinical picture of this alteration can be varied, in the skin and/or oral mucosae, it can induce lesions similar to those of lichen planus. These lesions could be the result of hypersensitivity reactions of a body which is susceptible to this drug. The present article documents the case of a 49 year old female patient, who sought consultation due to spontaneous gingival bleeding, bleeding caused by dental brushing, pain, and burning sensation with acid, hot or spicy foods. The condition had been present for the last three years. The patient had been repeatedly treated with antibiotics and antifungal drugs; nevertheless, these treatments proved to be unsuccessful. Oral Pathology, Dermatology and Periodontics Departments emitted a multi-disciplinary diagnosis. Oral treatment consisted of teaching appropriate oral hygiene techniques along with topical corticoid therapy, and substitution of the drug which induced the lesions.
ABSTRACT
Oral lichenoid reactions are histologically and clinically very similar to oral lichen planus, but differ, as in these cases the underlying cause is particularly identifiable. Various etiological factors for such lesion are dental restorative materials, drugs, food additives, oral hygiene products etc. Most common cause in oral cavity is contact sensitization to dental amalgam restorations which may result in clinical lesion as well as symptoms of burning sensation. Patch tests may identify such lesions but are not routinely recommended and hence diagnosis depends mainly on clinicopathologic correlation. Histopathology has certain limitations due to overlap of findings with oral lichen planus. But with the advent of immuno-histochemical markers this pitfall can also be rectified. Treatment in case of dental material associated lesion involves simply removal/ replacement of the culprit material. We report a case of oral lichenoid reaction due to dental amalgam restoration which was successfully diagnosed and treated.
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) which belongs to the spectrum of LP, is a commonly encounteredoral mucosal problem among patients seeking treatment in the Oral Medicine clinic. Its counterpart, orallichenoid reaction (OLR), which resembled OLP clinically and microscopically, is often encountered inthese patients as well. Although the various clinical forms of OLP/OLR are well-recognized, the diseasepattern in regards to lesion-active and lesion-free periods in these patients remains poorly characterized.Thus the aim of this study was to determine the clinical and demographic profile of those patients withactive OLP/OLR lesions and compare them with those patients who are clinically lesion-free.Materials and methods: The study subjects comprised 20 patients who attended the Oral MedicineClinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya for follow-up appointments/management. Theywere interviewed according to a pre-designed questionnaire, and clinical examination was carried out. Allthese were conducted under the supervision of Oral Medicine specialists. OLP was diagnosed accordingto the internationally accepted criteria.Results: The cohort consisted of predominantly female (n=14; 70%) and Chinese (n=9; 45%) patients,with an overall age range of 26-79 years (median, 56 years). Fifteen (75%) patients presented withactive OLP/OLR lesions and the remaining 5 (25%) were lesion-free. The lesion-active group comprised3 (15%) males and 12 (60%) females whereas the lesion-free had 3 (15%) males and 2 (10%) females.Reticular LP was the most common type (n=21/35; 60%) and the gingiva was the most prevalent site(n=21/46; 45.65%). Social habits, medical histories and medications were not significantly differentbetween lesion-active and lesion-free OLP patients.Conclusions: Findings suggest that demographic parameters, lifestyle and systemic diseases do notappear to influence the disease pattern and lesion severity in OLP.
ABSTRACT
Tattooing has been practiced in India since ancient era. It has tremendous religious and spiritual significance. In addition, tattooing for cosmetic purposes has become quite popular in recent times. With this increasing trend, there is also an increased risk of adverse effects. Here, we have described two cases of lichenoid reaction developing to red ink in double- colored tattoos and a case of sarcoidal reaction to green tattoo.
Subject(s)
Adult , Epidemics , Female , Humans , Lichenoid Eruptions/diagnosis , Lichenoid Eruptions/epidemiology , Lichenoid Eruptions/etiology , Male , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis/epidemiology , Sarcoidosis/etiology , Tattooing/adverse effects , Tattooing/trends , Young AdultABSTRACT
La reacción liquenoide en la mucosa bucal es una de las formas más frecuentes de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad retardada como respuesta inmune que puede estar relacionada al mercurio u otro componente de la amalgama. La reacción liquenoide es una lesión clínica e histológicamente indistinguible del liquen plano bucal. La única diferencia estriba en que desaparece al retirar el agente causante. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un caso de lesión liquenoide en mucosa bucal en una mujer de 34 años que solicito asistencia odontológica para diagnóstico y tratamiento de una lesión blanca en la mucosa yugal y encía vestibular derecha adyacente a los dientes 16 y 17 que presentaban restauración de amalgama. Se realizó una biopsia incisional y examen histopatológico teniendo un resultado compatible con el Liquen Plano. Con el consentimiento de la paciente las restauraciones de amalgama fueron substituidas por resina compuesta. Fue verificada la regresión continua de la lesión durante el seguimiento clínico del caso. El diagnóstico definitivo de lesiones liquenoides asociadas a la presencia de restauración de amalgama como factor etiológico es de suma relevancia porque de esta forma se obtiene un tratamiento basado en una intervención simplificada y local, diferente de la compleja actuación que ocurre en tratamientos que envuelven enfermedades auto-inmunes como el liquen plano.
Lichenoid reaction in the buccal mucosa is one of the most frequent forms of delayed hypersensitivity reaction as an immune response, which could be related to mercury or another amalgam component. It is a rare manifestation that is an important differential diagnosis in the group of buccal leucoplakias; and it is the reason of many controversies, particularly regarding lichen planus. The aim of this paper is to present a buccal mucosa lichenoid lesion case in a 34 year-old woman who requested odontologic assistance to be diagnosed and treated for a white lesion, located in the jugal mucosa and right vestibular gum, adjacent to teeth 16 and 17, which had amalgam restorations. An incisional biopsy and a histopatologic exam were made. The result was compatible with Liquen Planus. With the patient's consent the amalgam restorations were replaced with compound resin. A continuous regression of the lesion was verified during the clinical monitoring of the case. The final diagnosis of lichenoid lesions related to amalgam restorations as an etiologic factor is remarkable because by means of this a treatment based on a simplified and local intervention is obtained, which is different from the complicated procedure for treatments that involve auto-immune diseases like lichen planus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Lichenoid Eruptions/diagnosis , Lichenoid Eruptions/pathology , Mouth Mucosa , Dental Amalgam/adverse effects , Mercury/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The oral mucosa may present clinical features of a certain conditions similar to those observed in lichen planus called lichenoid reaction. The pathological feature resembles that of lichen planus. The pathologist requires the indication of a cause – effect relationship by the clinician in order to provide a diagnosis of lichenoid reaction. This condition is treated by removal of the causal factor. Here we report a case of lichenoid reaction due to tobacco chewing habit in an 30 year old male patient. This case was reported from Yenepoya dental college, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.
ABSTRACT
Tattooing has been performed the for cosmetic purpose by many beautician in the beauty parlors without having been any medicalknowledge. This has resulted in various serious complications. One patient is a 56-year-old female, who had been developed pruritic erythernstous indurated plaques on the tattooing sites about 3 months after getting tattoo. Skin biopsy findings revealed granulomatous inflamrnation and patch test showed positive reaction to potsssiurn dichromate. The other patient is a 55-year-old female, who had been developed erythematous papules on the both lips of tattooing sites about 1 year after getting tattoo. Skin biopsy findings revealed lichenoid resction. Patch test showed positive reactions to reornycin eulfate and nickel sulfate. Patch test of as is revealed positive reactions to red color.