ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of liquid smoke (LS) produced from beech sawdust and thyme essential oil (TEO) as natural antioxidants in chicken and turkey meatballs during frozen storage. The LS and TEO were added to chicken and turkey meatballs at levels of 1% and 0.1%, respectively, and storage at -18 ± 1°C for 6 months. pH value, water holding capacity (WHC), total volatile nitrogen (TVN), thiobarbituricacid (TBA) value, peroxide values (PV), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH %) were determined. The results demonstrated that the addition of LS or TEO had a positive effect on storage stability and a little change in the physical properties, quality attributes, and significantly (p≤0.05) increased the values of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of chicken and turkey meatballs during frozen storage compared to the control sample. The data revealed that the application of liquid smoke had decreased the value of TBA, TVN, and PV as well as increased shelf life and could be useful to achieve high stability of activity of chicken and turkey meatballs during storage and was better accepted compared to TEO and control.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacteria infecting chronic wounds. Wound dressing are available in various physical forms including hydrogels. However, hydrogels are expensive and contain synthetic materials, so natural materials such as liquid smoke infusing to the hydrogels will be improve its composition and needed as antibacterial wound dressing. This study analysed the difference in antibacterial activity between a hydrogel base and hydrogel membranes infused with liquid smoke to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Methods: This study was a true laboratory experiment with a post-test only control group design. Twenty-four samples were divided into four concentration groups of 0%, 8%, 12% and 16%. The parallel streak method (AATCC 147-2004) was used for antibacterial testing. Data were analysed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The average clear zone widths of inhibition of S. aureus at 0%, 8%, 12% and 16% were 0.013 mm, 0.416 mm, 1.191 mm and 1.625 mm respectively. The Mann-Whitney test indicated significant difference in the width of the inhibition zone between 0% and 12% and 16%, and between 8% and 16% (p<0.05). The hydrogel membrane infused with liquid smoke at a concentration of 12% was the lowest concentration that inhibited S. aureus. Conclusion: Hydrogel membranes infused with liquid smoke had antimicrobial properties against growth inhibition of S. aureus.
ABSTRACT
Background: Distilled liquid smoke from coconut shell(Cocos nucifera L.) by pyrolysis process with final0 0temperature 400 C and then distilled in 120-150 C. Thecharacteristics of distilled liquid smoke are yellow3liquid, with acidity 2.39 and density 1.0643 g/cm . Themajor identified compounds arephenol (36.6%), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) (25.2%), furfural (17.8%),2-methoxy-5-methylphenol (5.2%) and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (EMP) (3.5%) with 28 other minorconstituents by GCMS. Aim and Objectives: Distilledliquid smoke was examined to investigate its potentialtherapeutic to oral ulcer healing and diabetic conditionon the rat. Furthermore, the clinical oral ulcer healingwas evaluated based on ulcer size and diabetic wasevaluated based on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) andbody weight changes. Material and Methods: Diabeteswas induced by alloxan. Seventy-two hours afterinjection, the diabetic condition was confirmed withFBG of >200mg/dl, then the labial fornix anterior wasinjured to induce oral ulcer using round steel blade.Results: The clinical oral ulcer healing was improvedafter treatment with distillated liquid smoke comparedto benzydamine hydrochloride and aquadest sterile forthree days (p=0.005) and seven days (p=0.000).Treatment for seven days with distilled liquid smokeshowed significant improvement of the body masschanges compared to benzydamine hydrochloride(p=0.008) and aquadest sterile (p=0.002). There wasno improvement of FBG after treatment with distilledliquid smoke (p=0.152). Conclusion: Treatment withdistilled liquid smoke coconut shell can improved oralulcer healing and body weight changes, but not FBGchanges