Changes of brain functional imaging in patients with major depressive disorder during different periods of antidepressant treatment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

It is unclear whether antidepressants have the same effects on the brain function at different periods of treatment.In this paper, in order to improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressants from brain network level, find the target of antidepressants, optimize treatment strategy, four common neuroimaging techniques were reviewed to investigate the changes of brain functional imaging in patients with major depressive disorder at different periods (short-term, acute and long-term) after antidepressant treatment.After short-term antidepressant treatment, the changes of brain functional imaging mainly involved the amygdala, insula, prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and so on, and these short-term changes of brain functional imaging could predict acute efficiency.After acute stage of antidepressant treatment, the changes of brain functional imaging were mostly located in the brain regions of cortical-limbic circuit and default mode network.The effect of long-term antidepressant treatment on brain functional imaging still needs to be further studied.In the future, the experimental design should be optimized and multiple neuroimaging techniques should be combined to conduct longitudinal long-term studies at multiple time points.

Evaluation of efficacy of tacrolimus in the one-year treatment of vitiligo / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of long-term treatment with tacrolimus ointment in patients with vitiligo.Methods A total of 156 patients with vitiligo (70 males and 86 females) were enrolled into this study,who were firstly diagnosed with vitiligo and continuously followed up in Department of Dermatology,Yiwu Dermatology Hospital and the Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou between January 2016 and February 2018.Of the 156 patients,114 were adults,and 42 were children aged 6-18 years.All the patients received 6-month treatment with tacrolimus ointment twice a day.They were followed up once a month,the time to initial repigmentation and vitiligo area severity index (VASI) were recorded,and VASI improvement rate was calculated.After 6-month treatment,the patients achieving marked improvement were divided into conventional treatment group and interval treatment group to be treated with tacrolimus ointment twice a day and once every 3 days respectively for another 6 months,and final efficacy of the 2 protocols was compared.Mauchly's test of sphericity,randomized block analysis of variance and Bonferroni method were used to analyze differences among pre-treatment VASI scores,and 1-to 6-month post-treatment VASI scores.Results Among the 156 patients,the pre-treatment,and 1-,2-,3-,4-,5-and 6-month post-treatment VASI scores [M(P25,P75)] were 2 (0.6,5),2 (2,5),1.6 (0.575,4.5),1.2 (0.5,4.0),0.4 (1.15,3.5),0.75 (0.3,2.575),0.6 (0.2,2.2) respectively.Additionally,there was a significant difference in the VASI score among the above time points (F =6.14,P ＜ 0.05),and the VASI score showed a gradual decreasing trend over time.During the initial 6-month treatment,the average time to initial repigmentation was 2.2 ± 0.6 months.Of the 156 patients,98 (62.8％) received marked improvement,and the time to marked improvement was 5.2 ± 0.6 months.Of the 98 patients who received marked improvement,46 completed another 6-month treatment.After 12-month treatment,there was no significant difference in the repigmentation rate between the conventional treatment group (73.3％ ± 18.2％) and interval treatment group (72.0％ ± 16.2 ％,t =0.42,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The initial 6-month topical tacrolimus therapy showed marked efficacy for vitiligo.After the marked improvement of skin lesions,good efficacy can be maintained by long-term treatment with topical tacrolimus once every 3 days or twice a day.

Evaluation of efficacy of tacrolimus in the one-year treatment of vitiligo / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of long-term treatment with tacrolimus ointment in patients with vitiligo.@*Methods@#A total of 156 patients with vitiligo (70 males and 86 females) were enrolled into this study, who were firstly diagnosed with vitiligo and continuously followed up in Department of Dermatology, Yiwu Dermatology Hospital and the Third People′s Hospital of Hangzhou between January 2016 and February 2018. Of the 156 patients, 114 were adults, and 42 were children aged 6 - 18 years. All the patients received 6-month treatment with tacrolimus ointment twice a day. They were followed up once a month, the time to initial repigmentation and vitiligo area severity index (VASI) were recorded, and VASI improvement rate was calculated. After 6-month treatment, the patients achieving marked improvement were divided into conventional treatment group and interval treatment group to be treated with tacrolimus ointment twice a day and once every 3 days respectively for another 6 months, and final efficacy of the 2 protocols was compared. Mauchly′s test of sphericity, randomized block analysis of variance and Bonferroni method were used to analyze differences among pre-treatment VASI scores, and 1- to 6-month post-treatment VASI scores.@*Results@#Among the 156 patients, the pre-treatment, and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-month post-treatment VASI scores[M (P25, P75) ] were 2 (0.6, 5) , 2 (2, 5) , 1.6 (0.575, 4.5) , 1.2 (0.5, 4.0) , 0.4 (1.15, 3.5) , 0.75 (0.3, 2.575) , 0.6 (0.2, 2.2) respectively. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the VASI score among the above time points (F = 6.14, P < 0.05) , and the VASI score showed a gradual decreasing trend over time. During the initial 6-month treatment, the average time to initial repigmentation was 2.2 ± 0.6 months. Of the 156 patients, 98 (62.8%) received marked improvement, and the time to marked improvement was 5.2 ± 0.6 months. Of the 98 patients who received marked improvement, 46 completed another 6-month treatment. After 12-month treatment, there was no significant difference in the repigmentation rate between the conventional treatment group (73.3% ± 18.2%) and interval treatment group (72.0% ± 16.2%, t = 0.42, P > 0.05) .@*Conclusions@#The initial 6-month topical tacrolimus therapy showed marked efficacy for vitiligo. After the marked improvement of skin lesions, good efficacy can be maintained by long-term treatment with topical tacrolimus once every 3 days or twice a day.

Evaluation of efficacy of infliximab in the long-term treatment of moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of long-term treatment with infliximab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris.Methods Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris,who started infliximab therapy in Department of Dermatology,Peking University Third Hospital between March 2016 and May 2018,were followed up.The patients treated with infliximab for more than 54 weeks were enrolled into this study.The patients were treated with infliximab at a weight-based dosage of 5 mg/kg,and the total dosage used per session was 200,300 and 400 mg for patients with the body weight of 40-59 kg,60-79 kg,and ＞ 80 kg respectively.The patients were treated at week 0,2,6,14,22,30,38,46 and 54,and the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score was determined before each treatment.Mauchly's test of sphericity,randomized block analysis of variance and Bonferroni method were used to analyze changes of PASI scores after 2-,6-,14-,22-,30-,38-,46-and 54-week treatment.Sequelae and adverse reactions were also recorded.Results Twelve patients received the treatment with infliximab,and 9 patients were treated for more than 54 weeks,whose clinical data were analyzed.Before the treatment,the PASI score (M[P25,P75]) of the 9 patients was 26.3 (23.4,27.7).There were significant differences in the PASI score among different time points (F =7.12,P =0.0004),and the PASI score of the patients showed a generally decreasing trend over time.After 30-week treatment,the PASI score was 4 (2.5,5.2),and the PASI improvement rate was 86.38％ ± 6.98％;of the 9 patients,8 achieved PASI50,7 achieved PASI75,and 2 achieved PASI90.After 54-week treatment,the PASI score was 8 (3.5,8.9),the PASI improvement rate was 64.23％ ± 17.32％,and the number of patients achieving PASI50,PASI75 and PASI90 was 8,4 and 1 respectively.Bonferroni method showed that the PASI score significantly increased at week 54 compared with that at week 30 (t =3.269,P =0.0048),but significantly decreased at weeks 30 and 54 compared with that before the treatment(week 30:t =18.49,P ＜ 0.0001;week 54:t =5.81,P =0.0004).Conclusion Infliximab is remarkably effective for moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris in the 54-week treatment.

A long-term subacute sclerosing panencephalitis survivor treated with intraventricular interferon-alpha for 13 years / 소아과

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive, and fatal central nervous system disorder resulting from persistent measles virus infection. Long-term data are scarce, with a maximum follow-up period of 10 years. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a protein that exerts its antiviral activity via enhancement of cellular immune response and is reported to be an effective drug for the treatment of SSPE. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the optimal duration of IFN-α therapy. Here, we present a case report of a patient with SSPE treated with long-term intraventricular IFN-α therapy, which facilitated clinical improvement and neurological stabilization without causing serious adverse effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the longest follow-up studies investigating a patient with SSPE receiving intraventricular INF-α treatment. Further studies are necessary to validate the benefits and safety of long-term intraventricular IFN-α treatment in patients with SSPE.

Periostitis and squamous cellcarcinoma induced by long-term use of voriconazole / 中国药理学通报

Voriconazole is a broad spectrum triazole antifungal agent, widely used in the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal diseases.Long-term use of voriconazole can induce periostitis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for serious adverse effects on patients, which has been reported in increasing clinical cases.This review is to characterize the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of periostitis and squamous cell carcinoma induced by voriconazole, and to analyze the mechanisms of triggering periostitis and squamous cell carcinoma, so as to promote the rational use of voriconazole in clinics.

Long-Term Treatment Response to Lithium and Valproate in Patients with Bipolar 1 Disorder Treated More Than 2 Years : A Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVES: Treatment response of bipolar disorders (BDs) to long-term mood stabilizers maintenance has not been well explored because of complicated clinical and treatment courses. This study aims at investigating long-term clinical response of BDs to lithium and/or valproate in a naturalistic setting of a tertiary-care university-affiliated hospital. METHODS: Subjects were 65 patients with bipolar I (BD-I) disorders who had been treated with lithium and/or valproate for more than two years at single bipolar disorder clinic. Long-term response to the best treatment based on treatment algorithms and the current clinical standard of care was retrospectively evaluated using the Alda Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale for use in bipolar illness (CGI-BP). Patients were classified into full responder and partial/non responder groups based on the total score of the Alda Scale with the cut-off score generated from the frequentist mixture analysis of the authors' previous study. RESULTS: The mean duration of treatment with the index medication was 69.2 months. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were not different among three mood stabilizer groups (valproate, lithium, and combination groups). Twenty-one subjects were classified into full responder group (32.3%). Treatment response assessed by the Alda Scale and CGI-BP scores was not different between lithium and valproate groups. The Alda Scale scores were well correlated with the CGI-BP scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One third of the patients showed a full response to the long-term lithium and/or valproate treatment in BD-I. The degree of response was similar between lithium and valproate groups.

<b>Effectiveness of Kampo Medicine in Patients with </b><b>Primary Open Angle Glaucoma</b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

[<b>Objective</b>] To determine the long-term effect of Kampo medicine on patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).<br>[<b>Patients</b>] Patient 1 was a 17-year-old male with POAG at his initial visit, having been treated using Kampo for 34 years. Patient 2 was a 56-year-old female, diagnosed with POAG 30 years before visiting our clinic, who had continued Kampo treatment for 19 years. At their first visit, these two patients had a very high risk of becoming blind, but, after long-term treatment using Kampo, their visual function was maintained and their intraocular pressure was well controlled. Patient 3 was a 23-year-old female at her initial visit, who we have been following for 27 years. During this period, her intraocular pressure returned to normal while she was taking Kampo medicine regularly, and conversely elevated when she stopped.<br>[<b>Discussion</b>] We cannot indicate the specific Kampo prescription which reduces intraocular pressure, but Kampo medicines prescribed according to the usual pattern identifications may be able to improve the intraocular pressure in the presence of POAG. In addition, Kampo medicine may be effective in maintaining the visual function of POAG patients.<br>[<b>Conclusion</b>] Kampo medicine may reduce intraocular pressure, and be effective as an add-on therapy when combined with standard treatment in patients with POAG.

Factors Affecting Recurrence in Patients with Schizophrenia Received More Than 10 Years of Treatment / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting recurrence in patients with schizophrenia received more than 10 years of long-term treatment. METHODS: The medical records of long-term follow-up patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia from department of psychiatry, Inha university hospital for more than 10 years were reviewed. The recurrence was defined as the re-emergence or aggravation of psychotic symptoms after maintenance treatment during 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 110 patients who were included in the study, 78 patients were recurred. Half of the patients were experiencing at least 1 recurrence within six years. After adjustment of sociodemographic variables, female, poor drug compliance, younger baseline age, shorter duration of illness and longer duration of hospitalization at first admission were significantly related to an increased likelihood of recurrence. The most common stressor of recurrence was irregular drug taking (61.73%). CONCLUSION: The results show the importance of gender, drug compliance, baseline age, duration of illness, and duration of hospitalization at first admission in predicting recurrence of long-term follow-up patients with schizophrenia.

Management of Osteoporosis: Who to Treat, What to Use, and for How Long? / 대한내과학회지

Osteoporosis is a huge global problem both socially and economically- in the South Korea alone, in 2011 66 million dollar was spent on treatment and social care of the 773,000 osteoporotic patients- and therefore variable preventative and therapeutic approaches are keys to managing this problem within the aging population of today. This review discusses the main issues- who should be treated, what pharmacological agents should be used, and how long they should be administered-surrounding current osteoporosis management. Identifying patients at risk is challenging before they develop a fracture. Probability of fracture based on the Korea-adapted WHO algorithm should be used in making decision of treatment. Though bisphosphonates are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, the majority of data on fracture effect is from studies of 3 or 4 years. The long-term treatment should balance fracture efficacy against the risk of adverse events. Although evidence is limited regarding the risk of fracture with the continuation of bisphosphonate therapy, it might be useful to continue treat osteoporosis up to 10 years, to prevent vertebral fractures in the high risk elderly. There are currently no data to guide clinicians in determining who should continue treatment after 5 years. The duration of treatment and the agent selected should be based on individual assessment of risks and benefits and on patient preference.

Management of Osteoporosis: Who to Treat, What to Use, and for How Long? / 대한내과학회지

Osteoporosis is a huge global problem both socially and economically- in the South Korea alone, in 2011 66 million dollar was spent on treatment and social care of the 773,000 osteoporotic patients- and therefore variable preventative and therapeutic approaches are keys to managing this problem within the aging population of today. This review discusses the main issues- who should be treated, what pharmacological agents should be used, and how long they should be administered-surrounding current osteoporosis management. Identifying patients at risk is challenging before they develop a fracture. Probability of fracture based on the Korea-adapted WHO algorithm should be used in making decision of treatment. Though bisphosphonates are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, the majority of data on fracture effect is from studies of 3 or 4 years. The long-term treatment should balance fracture efficacy against the risk of adverse events. Although evidence is limited regarding the risk of fracture with the continuation of bisphosphonate therapy, it might be useful to continue treat osteoporosis up to 10 years, to prevent vertebral fractures in the high risk elderly. There are currently no data to guide clinicians in determining who should continue treatment after 5 years. The duration of treatment and the agent selected should be based on individual assessment of risks and benefits and on patient preference.

<b>Effectiveness of Kampo Medicine for Beh</b><b>ç</b><b>et's Disease with Uveitis </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

[Objectives] To investigate the long-term effect of Kampo medicine on the ocular manifestations of Behçet's disease based on 30-years of experience.<br>[Patients] The number of patients who consulted Yamamoto Eye Clinic on Kampo medicine over a 30-year period was 24, and we investigated and reviewed these patients.<br>[Results] Although 11 patients discontinued treatment within a few months and 2 patients left our clinic after a short time, we were able to continue Kampo treatment in 11 patients for more than 10 years, with the longest period being 26 years. Consequently, 8 patients recovered their visual acuity.<br>[Discussion] Our retrospective study indicates that continuous treatment using Kampo medicine reduces the frequency of uveitis attacks and disease activity. In addition, it may be possible to discontinue Kampo medicine if patients achieve and maintain a better condition despite there being several factors that deteriorate their condition. Our study also indicates the importance of more than 10-years follow up to evaluate the efficacy of any intervention for this chronic disease.<br>[Conclusions] Kampo medicine is effective for preventing the recurrence of uveitis in patients with Behçet's disease.

The Efficacy and Safety of Long-term Oral Cyclosporine Treatment for Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Steroids are used in conventional treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and they are very effective for improving the symptoms, but they also have several complications. Many studies have reported that short-term use of cyclosporine (CsA) is effective for severe AD as a substitute for steroid. However, there are very few studies on the long-term use of CsA for AD in the Korean population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term CsA therapy is effective and safe for treating AD. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of the patients with AD and who were treated with CsA at Kyung Hee Medical Center between January 2001 and February 2008. Among 147 patients, 61 received CsA treatment for more than 6 months. To evaluate the efficacy of CsA treatment, the objective SCORAD was checked for all 61 patients at every visit. Extensive laboratory tests were performed every two months to assess the safety of treatment. RESULTS: The mean duration of CsA treatment was 13.5+/-8.4 months and the mean initial dose of CsA was 2.7+/-0.9 mg/kg/day. The mean objective SCORAD values significantly decreased from 34.1+/-11.2 at baseline to 11.4+/-10.7 after 6-month of CsA treatment (p<0.05). A significant decline of the SCORAD score was observed starting from 1-month of CsA treatment. The mean duration of remission was 4.5+/-2.9 months. A total of 13 adverse events in 10 patients were recorded during the study period. One patient dropped out due to renal dysfunction. Elevation of peripheral blood pressure was noted in 8 patients. Three patients complained of gastrointestinal troubles, and one patient had hypertrichosis, but the problems of these 4 patients were mild and easily treated. CONCLUSION: We suggest that long-term, low-dose CsA treatment is safe and effective for patients who suffer from AD.

Add-On Therapy of Quetiapine for Bipolar Disorder: A 6 Month, Prospective Trial / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the overall effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive quetiapine in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder as a continuation therapy. METHODS: Twenty-three bipolar I patients participated and required to have quetiapine add-on treatment in combination with existing or new mood stabilizers. Clinical assessment was carried out using Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item, Simpson-Angus Rating Scale and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale at baseline, 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: The YMRS and CGI decreased significantly from baseline to endpoint by 89.7% and 78.3%, respectively (p<0.0001 ; p<0.0001). Twenty-two patients exhibited at least 50% improvement on YMRS score by the end of the study. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that quetiapine may hold a promise as an adjunct in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder.

Long-Term Tolerability of New Antidepressants: Focusing on Bupropion SR(Wellbutrin SR(R)) / 대한정신약물학회지

Depressive disorders often develop into chronic course and relapse of symptoms is prevalent. Long-term treatment with antidepressants consolidates the improvement of residual symptoms and prevents relapses and recurrences. In the long-term treatment, the long-term tolerability of antidepressant is a major factor which impact on the compliance and the success of treatment. Although new antidepressants have better side effect profiles than TCA and MAOI, the safety issues of the former are also a concern during continuation and maintenance phases of treatment. Nowadays, weight gain and sexual dysfunction are at a center of concern in this field. SSRI, venlafaxine and mirtazapine can cause weight gain in some patients. Many studies report that weight gain and sexual dysfunction cause significant sufferings and act as major reasons of non-compliance. Bupropion SR is a new antidepressants that has a unique pharmacological property. It produce neither substantial weight gain nor sexual side effect. It was also shown to be effective and well-tolerated in decreasing the risk for relapse of depression. So, Bupropion SR can be used preferentially as a first-line antidepressant or augmentation on other agents in the long-term treatment without significant weight gain and sexual side effects.

Evaluation of the factors of long-term treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To evaluate influencing factors of the long-term maintenance therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods 156 Patients with GERD were divided into on-demand therapy group and continuous therapy group by their treatment,according to symptom relief and improvement of quality of life in the course of therapy.The relationship between treatment and course,symptoms, esophageal motility,24-h pH monitoring and endoscopic findings were analysed.Results (1)5 Patients showed no response to acid suppression therapy and were excluded.For the 151 patients,92 were in on-demand therapy group,and 59 were in continuous therapy group.(2)The disease course and symptoms score in on-demand therapy group were significantly longer and higher than those of continuous therapy group (P

Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Long-Term Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to clarify the long-term functional outcome of NF-2 and to elucidate optimal treatment strategy. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical records and radiological imaging of 32 patients of NF-2 treated at from 1979 to 2000. Age at diagnosis was 30(14-54). Male to female ratio was 14:18. Mean follow-up(F/U) periods were 61(6-240) months. Four patients were lost during F/U periods. Fifty-one tumors of 29 patients were surgically treated including radiosurgery, and three patients rejected any treatment. Eleven tumors of 10 patients with non-schwannomas were managed by craniotomy, and one of them was managed by biopsy only. Among 21 tumors of 19 patients with schwannomas, 16 tumors of 14 patients were vestibular schwannomas(VS), one trigeminal schwannoma, and four spinal schwannomas. Fourteen tumors with 13 patients were managed by radiosurgery. RESULTS: Presenting symptoms were hearing problem(44%, 14/32 patients), motor or sensory change (25%, 8/32 patients), and visual symptoms (15%, 5/32 patients). Long-term functional outcome was poor (KPS; median 46.6). Six patients died during follow periods and the cause of death was aspiration pneumonia related to lower cranial palsy or high cervical cord lesion(except 1 case; suicide). In 17 patients, 7 patients of initial hearing had preserved after any treatment modalities, another 10 patients had deteriorated hearing function. In facial nerve function, 12 patients except one patient deteriorated after surgical resection. Even though facial-hypoglossal anastomosis was performed in two patients, there was no improvement of facial nerve function. CONCLUSION: Long-term results of NF-2 patients were unfavorable. The early detection of the tumor, regular F/U of patients and individually refined management are important for the optimal treatment of NF-2 patients.

Efficacy of long-term cyclosporin A treatment on severe aplastic anemia / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of long-term application of cyclosporin A(CsA) in patients with severe aplastic anemia(SAA).Methods 39 patients with SAA were treated with CsA and androgen.The efficacy at 3-month,6-month,1-year,2-year treatment was evaluated.Main side effects of CsA were assessed.Results An overall response rate to CsA was 45.5% in the patients with SAA.19.1% of patients showed response to the treatment at 3 months,45.0% at 6 months,56.3% at 1 year,83.3% at 2 years,respectively.The early mortality rate in SAA Ⅰ patients was significantly higher than that in SAA Ⅱ patients(P

Long-term treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid in paediatric cholestatic liver diseases.

Children with chronic cholestasis usually have pruritus, jaundice, failure to thrive and later, develop diliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a tertiary bile acid which has a positive effect on decreasing cholestasis. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of the drug on hepatic functions and symptoms in such patients. Nine children (six boys, three girls) diagnosed with biliary atresia (six cases), idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (two cases) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (one cases), received UDCA in a dose of 15 mg/kg daily for one year. Clinical features, symptoms and liver function tests were evaluated initially and at 1369 and 12 months after starting therapy. Seven patients had a complete 12-month therapy, but two patients were treated for only six months. Decreased cholestatis parameters were found including bilirubin from 11.7+ 4.9 to 7.7+ 3.2 mg/dl, GGT from 637.1+ 146.6 to 328.3+ 59.4 U/L, and AP from 1112.6+ 89.1 787.3+ 103.1 U/L., but there were no statistically significant results. Pruritus was improved in two of four patient with pruritus patients while four patients showed improved appetite.

The Analysis of Repeated Measurements in a Long-term Treatment with a Kampo Prescription / 日本東洋医学雑誌

For the evaluation of the efficacy in a long-term treatment with a Kampo prescription, it is important to analyze repeated measurements based on their time course patterns.<br>In this paper, we analyze from the point of model selection with AIC the repeated measurements of platelet obtained from 24 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura patients treated with a Kampo prescription (Sho-saiko-to) for 1 year. With the results, we analyze the repeated measurements obtained from another 6 patients of the same disease.