Gait Measurement System Using Laser Range Sensor Based on Lower-limb Rehabilitation Robot / 中国医疗器械杂志

Spatiotemporal gait parameters provide important information for the rehabilitation of patients with gait dysfunction. These parameters are often obtained by complex systems such as optical motioncapture system and pressure plates. However, these systems cannot be deployed at the lower-limb rehabilitation robot easily because of high costs, large area occupation and wearable requirements. We present a gait measurement system with a Light Detection And Ranging(LIDAR) laser sensor based on the lower-limb rehabilitation robot. Firstly, to calculate gait parameters, the data are aggregated into left and right legs by the clustering algorithm and the legs contour is fitted with two circles respectively according to the least square method. Then, the spatiotemporal gait parameters are defined based on the time and position of initial contact(IC) and toe off(TO). Finally, to verify the validity of the proposed system, we compared the results of the proposed system with a 3D motion capture system based on a lower-limb rehabilitation robot. Experimental results showed that the gait detection system can measure the parameters within a small range of error that testified the validation of the proposed system. This system proved to be a valid and reliable method for the measurement of gait parameters.

Development of on-line lateral stiffness measurement system for anterior cruciate ligament and its influence on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 生物医学工程学杂志

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction mostly relies on the experience of surgeons. To improve the effectiveness and adaptability of the tension after ACL reconstruction in knee joint rehabilitation, this paper establishes a lateral force measurement model with relaxation characteristics and designs an on-line stiffness measurement system of ACL. In this paper, we selected 20 sheep knee joints as experimental material for the knee joint stability test before the ACL reconstruction operation, which were divided into two groups for a comparative test of single-bundle ACL reconstruction through the anterolateral approach. The first group of surgeons carried out intraoperative detection with routine procedures. The second group used ACL on-line stiffness measurement system for intraoperative detection. After that, the above two groups were tested for postoperative stability. The study results show that the tension accuracy is (- 2.3 ± 0.04)%, and the displacement error is (1.5 ± 1.8)%. The forward stability, internal rotation stability, and external rotation stability of the two groups were better than those before operation (

Age-Friendly Cities Performance Assessment Indicators System hierarchization / Jerarquización de un Sistema de indicadores para la evaluación de desempeño de las Ciudades Amigas de los Ancianos / Hierarquização de um Sistema de Indicadores para avaliação das Cidades Amigas dos Idosos

This study aimed to validate and prioritize a system of indicators to assess the performance of age-friendly cities. The methodological procedures consisted of the application of the system indicators content validation model developed by Fehring in 1987 and used the multicriteria method Analytical Hierarchy Process for priorization. These analyzes, there was a satisfactory level of consistency and correspondence between the position of the experts on the prioritization of active ageing issues in urban environments.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar y priorizar un sistema de indicadores para evaluar el desempeño de las ciudades amigables de los mayores. Los procedimientos metodológicos consistieron en la aplicación del modelo de validación de contenido de indicadores del sistema desarrollado por Fehring en 1987 y utilizaron el método de jerarquización analítica multicriterio para la priorización. En estos análisis, hubo un nivel satisfactorio de coherencia y correspondencia entre la posición de los expertos sobre la priorización de los problemas de envejecimiento activo en entornos urbanos.

Este estudo teve como objetivo validar e priorizar um sistema de indicadores para avaliar o desempenho de Cidades Amigas do Idoso. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na aplicação do modelo de validação de conteúdo de indicadores do sistema desenvolvido por Fehring em 1987 e utilizou o método multicritério Analytical Hierarchy Process para priorização. Nestas análises, houve um nível satisfatório de consistência e correspondência entre a posição dos especialistas na priorização de questões de envelhecimento ativo em ambientes urbanos.

Unconstrained Cardiac Output Measurement System Based on Thoracic Electrical Impedance Method / 中国医疗器械杂志

An unconstrained cardiac output detection system based on thoracic electrical impedance method and embedded technology is developed in this study. PWM function of PIC embedded MCU, PIC18F4520, and filter circuit are used to generate a constant current sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 50 kHz and a current RMS of 2 mA, which is applied as an exciting signal to the exciting electrodes located on the positions behind ears and on right lower abdomen. The thoracic electrical impedance is measured by the detecting electrodes pasted along the medial line on the front of the thorax, and is used to calculate cardiac output. A comparative experiment with the thoracic impedance method and the dye dilution method is carried out and the results are investigated. The experimental results show that the two methods have good consistency.

Hardware System for the Test of Artificial Joint Biomechanics / 中国医疗器械杂志

In the research of artificial joint biomechanics, it is a common method in the world to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the implanted fixtures through experiments . The domestic research started late, and the corresponding testing methods were lacking. There is still no unified standard. In this paper, a complete hardware test system was designed and built around the existing mechanical testing machine, including:binocular vision catcher, torque bearing clamp, film pressure sensor and so on. The system can accurately measure the relative motion angle value, external torque value, and inter pressure value of each joint. It has some reference significance for the forming and standardization of the artificial joints' evaluation system.

Development of Software System for Artificial Joint Biomechanics / 中国医疗器械杂志

In the research of artificial joint biomechanics, it is a common method in the world to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the implanted fixtures through experiments . The domestic research started late, and the corresponding testing software were lacking. There is still no special software. In this paper, an integrated software test system was designed and built based on the existing hardware system, including:hardware control, data collection, data save, data processing and display. It can directly show the 3D motion trajectory and the angle curve of joints. The system can accurately measure the relative motion angle value, external torque value, and inter pressure value of each joint. It has some reference significance for the development of the artificial joints' evaluation system.

Current status and clinical application prospect of Akabane's test / 中国针灸

The Akabane's test is one of the meridian diagnostic methods. Compared with the current meridian diagnostic methods, it has the advantages of convenience and efficiency, but it also has several disadvantages such as the accuracy is difficult to control, the outcome interpretation is limited, etc. In this paper, the influence factors of Akabane's test were analyzed one by one, especially proposed personal opinion on outcome interpretation, which could ascertain the location and nature of disease, leading to disease syndrome. With accurate syndrome, the treatment plan could be established. The application prospect of Akabane's test was initially explored, and it was proposed that wearable automation equipment could be one of the development directions.

Impact of measurement resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of EIT system on reconstruction image / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective Practical electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system with certain measurement resolution (MR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differs a lot from ideal simulation conditions in EIT methodology research. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of practical system with different MR and SNR on EIT. Methods Based on the ideal simulation boundary voltages of adjacent excitation and adjacent measurement pattern, practical systems whose MR were 0.1 mV and 0.01 mV, SNR ranged from 40-80 dB and no noises were simulated, simulation study for three imaging models A, B and C with different positions in the to-be imaged field under practical system conditions above was carried out using the combined Tikhonov-NOSER regularization algorithm, and error of reconstruction (ER) function and structure similarity (SSIM) function were adopted for quantitative evaluation of image effect. Results There are differences between images obtained under different MR and SNR for different image models. In order to obtain images for three models, SNR of system should be at least 40-50 dB when MR was 0.01 mV. For the goal to obtain high quality images of A, B and C, SNR should be 80, 70 and 60 dB respectively. When MR was 0.1 mV, SNR for obtaining images of A, B, C were 60, 50 and 40 dB. Moreover, the improvement of images with increasing SNR under MR of 0.1 mV was not as obvious as that of MR at 0.01 mV. Conclusions Blind pursuit of single high SNR is of no help to improve system performance and image reconstruction effect except increasing the difficulties in hardware design. The extremity SNR is 50-60 dB for system with MR of 0.01 mV and 60-70 dB for system with MR of 0.1 mV.

Evaluación del sistema de medición en la fabricación de gel de hidróxido de aluminio / Evaluation of the measurement system analysis in the aluminum hydroxide gel production

Introducción: el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad se basa en la cuantificación experimental de la contribución del sistema de medición a la variabilidad total observada, y determina si este es aceptable o no. Objetivo: evaluar el sistema de medición en la fabricación de gel de hidróxido de aluminio mediante el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad. Métodos: el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad se desarrolló a través de un experimento factorial balanceado de efecto aleatorio. Se tomaron 10 muestras (partes) del producto terminado, de un lote de producción, las que se midieron dos veces por tres operadores seleccionados aleatoriamente. Las mediciones se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Investigación de Medilip (nivel de confianza: α= 0,05; 95 por ciento). Se aplicó el método ANOVA cruzado. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó utilizando el paquete estadístico Minitab 16. Resultados: según los índices Cg y Cgk (estudio tipo I), se comprobó que el sistema de medición fue aceptable. Con el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad se determinó que el factor que contribuye en mayor cuantía resultó el denominado partes (96,85 por ciento) y que la contribución de la variabilidad del sistema de medición (3,15 por ciento) fue aceptable, así como el porcentaje de la varianza del estudio con respecto a la varianza total (17,75 por ciento). Conclusiones: el estudio de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad identifica al factor parte como el de mayor contribución a la variabilidad total y que el sistema de medición es adecuado, lo cual está avalado por los índices reconocidos internacionalmente, por lo que se recomenda tomar acciones para mejorar el desempeño(AU)

Introduction: the repeatability and reproducibility study is based on experimental quantitation of the measurement system contribution to the total observed variability, and is aimed at determining whether this system is acceptable. Objective: to evaluate the measurement system in aluminum hydroxide gel production process through the repeatability and reproducibility study. Methods: this study was carried out through a balanced factorial experiment of random effect. Ten finished product samples from a production batch were measured twice by three randomly selected operators. The measurements were made in the Medilip research laboratory (Cross ANOVA method. Confidence level α= 0.05; 95 percent). The statistical package Minitab 16 served to process relevant data. Results: according to Cg and Cgk (type I Study) indexes, the measurement system was acceptable. The repeatability and reproducibility study determined that the main contributing factor was parts (98.85 percent) and that the measurement system variability (3.15) was also allowable as well as the percentage of the study variance with regard to the total variance (17.75 percent). Conclusions: the repeatability and reproducibility study identifies the factor called parts as the one largely contributing to the total variability and determines that the measurement system is adequate, which is endorsed by international set standards, so it is recommended to take actions to improve its performance(AU)

Accuracy of three dimensional facial measurement system based on structured light projection / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the accuracy of three dimensional facial measurement system based on structured light projection, and explore the methods to reduce noise of the output images. Methods The known object for calibration was measured by the measurement system to correct the parameters of the system and enhance the measurement accuracy. The mechanism of noise was analysed, and the noise and sundry of the images were eliminated. Results The parameters of each assembly of system were obtained by calculation and calibrated, and the measurement accuracy (0.028 mm) of three dimensional facial measurement system based on structured light projection was increased. Application of image processing technology reduced the noise and sundry of output images. Conclusion The accuracy of three dimensional facial measurement system based on structured light projection is high. The image output is reliable, and can be clinically used in facial scanning and three dimensional reconstruction.

Development of three dimensional facial measurement system based on structured light projection / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To construct a system for three dimensional face scanning and measurement. Methods The measurement system was based on the principle of triangulation and the combination of gray-code and phase-shift structured light projection. The system software was developed for Windows XP with the aid of tools such as Visual C++ and Hoops. Results A three dimensional measurement system based on structured light projection was developed. The system hardware was composed of fringe projection unit, image gathering unit, system control unit and mechanical appearance, and the system software was composed of point cloud display and editing module. The lamp house of the system was 12V, the working distance was 900 mm, the scanning time was 5.5 s and the scanning field was 500 mm×400 mm. Conclusion The three dimensional measurement system based on structured light projection is a refined machine with safe light to eyes, and the accuracy and scanning speed are suitable to face scanning.

Application of balanced scorecard in healthcare organizations / 上海第二医科大学学报

Based on the organizational strategy,the balanced scorecard(BSC) is a kind of customized performance measurement system.Put forward by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in 1990,it has been using at several healthcare organizations and led to a great deal of innovation in organizing and management.This paper aims to introduce the composition,characteristics and successful cases of BSC,and analyze the feasibility of adopting this method in domestic healthcare organizations.

Analysis of sleeping physiological signals based on fuzzy prediction theory / 医疗卫生装备

In this article,a new approach tosleep analysis based on fuzzy prediction theory is described.This article gives a general introduction todetection and processing of biological signals with LabVIEW technique.The designed fuzzy measurement system is applied tofuzzy prediction analysis of physiological signals.The experiment results show that our method of analysis is correct.SoLabVIEW-based fuzzy prediction analysis is more helpful for early diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis assessment of some diseases.The method might reflect the sleep state of SASpatient.

How Much are Anesthesiologists Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields in Operating Rooms? / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: So many electronic devices have been introduced in the operating room. However, little was known about the hazards of electromagnetic fields (EMF) to the human body. We have studied about how much the anesthesiologists are exposed to EMF. METHODS: In 19 operating rooms of our hospital, the intensity of magnetic fields was measured by an ELF (Extremely low frequency) field strength measurement system. The distances were 30 cm, 50 cm and the anesthesiologist's proximity to the monitoring devices. RESULTS: The average strength of 19 operating rooms were 2.22 +/- 1.13 mG at 30 cm from the monitors, 1.29 +/- 0.84 mG at 50 cm and 1.00 +/- 0.78 mG at the anesthesiologist's stand. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in some of our operating rooms the exposure to EMF was measured above Sweden's TCO limit which has been accepted as the EMF radiation rule for computer monitors. Although the hazards of EMF have not been definitely confirmed yet, the effort not to be exposed to EMF should be considered by anesthesiologists.

Foot Pressure Distribution of Normal Children

The purpose of this study was to measure the foot pressure distribution of normal children. Static and dynamic pressure, dynamic pressure-time integral, relative impulse, static pressure distribution between forefoot and heel, and the percentage of contact time in each phase of the gait cycle were measured from 68 normal children by the in-sole pressure measurement system. The measurements were perfomed while standing and walking with their comfortable speed using the in-sole pressure measurement system. The sites of the greatest static pressure, dynamic pressure-time integral and relative impulse were obtained from the 2nd and the 3rd metatarsal head areas. And the dynamic pressure was obtained from in the lateral heel area. The forefoot to heel load ratio was about 6 to 4 in the static state. The contact time was greatest during the push-off phase.

Application of FPGA to Doppler measurement system design / 医疗卫生装备

Along with the progressing of micro-electronics technology and the improving of FPGA's performance, it's more and more common to process digital signals using FPGA. In most cases, FPGA is used to do the preprocessing or postprocessing besides processor in order to get a higher processing speed. This article introduces how to construct the signal processing unit of Doppler measurement system with FPGA and universal digital signal processor.