ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the characteristics of Banna miniature pig liver failure induced by amanita exitialis. Methods: From September to October 2020, a reverse high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was used to determine the toxin content of amanita exitialis solution, and 2.0 mg/kg amanita exitialis solution (α-amanitins+β-amanitins) was administered orally to Banna miniature pigs. Toxic symptoms, blood biochemical indexes and histopathological changes of liver, heart and kidney were observed at each time point. Results: All Banna miniature pigs died within 76 h of exposure, and different degrees of digestive tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea appeared between 6 and 36 h. The biochemical indexes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzyme, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased significantly at 52 h after exposure, and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 h (P<0.05). The bleeding of liver and heart was obvious under macroscopic and microscopic observation, hepatocyte necrosis, renal tubule epithelial cell swelling. Conclusion: Large dose of amanita exitialis can cause acute liver failure of Banna miniature pigs, which is in line with the pathophysiological characteristics of acute liver failure, and lays a foundation for further research on the toxic mechanism and detoxification drugs of amanita exitialis induced liver failure.
Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Amanitins/metabolism , Swine, Miniature/metabolism , Amanita/metabolism , Liver Failure, Acute , Mushroom Poisoning/diagnosisABSTRACT
The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,making the identification and quantification of specific ingredients still a challenge.Herein,we developed a quality control(QC)system for monitoring TCM pharmaceuticals based on paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry(mini-MS).It enabled real-time online qualitative and quantitative detection of target ingredients in herbal extracts using mini-MS without chromatographic separation for the first time.Dynamic changes of alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)during decoction were used as examples,and the scientific principle of Fuzi compatibility was also investigated.Finally,the system was verified to work stably at the hourly level for pilot-scale extraction.This mini-MS based online analytical system is expected to be further developed for QC applications in a wider range of pharmaceutical processes.
ABSTRACT
This study explored the effects of propofol on the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Acute brain slices containing the PVT were obtained from 8 weeks old C57BL/6J mice. The electrophysiological characteristics of PVT neurons were recorded in current-clamp mode, then single-cell sequencing was used to identify neuronal types. The firing frequencies before, during, and after propofol or intralipid application were recorded as FB, FD and FW; and the membrane potentials were recorded as MPB and MPD. Picrotoxin (PTX) was used to block inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors during the application of propofol at 10 μmol·L-1. Then, GABAA receptor-mediated spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs) were recorded, and the effects of 10 μmol·L-1 propofol were investigated. The animal experiments were approved by the Medical Animal Administrative Committee of Shanghai Medical College Fudan University. The results showed that there were no significant differences in FB, FD and FW during intralipid and 2 μmol·L-1 propofol application. With propofol at 5, 10 and 20 μmol·L-1, FD decreased significantly when compared with FB, and FW increased significantly as compared with FD (P < 0.01). The inhibition degree of the three concentration groups was significantly different (P < 0.01). In addition, with propofol at 20 μmol·L-1, MPD hyperpolarized significantly (P < 0.01). In the presence of PTX, 10 μmol·L-1 propofol could not suppress the firing frequency of PVT glutamatergic neurons. Propofol at 10 μmol·L-1 prolonged the decay time of sIPSCs (P < 0.01) and mIPSCs (P < 0.05), and increased the amplitude (P < 0.01) of mIPSCs of PVT glutamatergic neurons. Together, these results indicate that propofol can inhibit the activity of PVT glutamatergic neurons in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner, and the effect is likely to be mediated by postsynaptic GABAA receptors.
ABSTRACT
Mercury sphygmomanometer based on traditional auscultation method is widely used in primary medical institutions in China, but a large amount of blood pressure data can not be directly recorded and applied in scientific research analysis, meanwhile auscultation data is the clinical standard to verify the accuracy of non-invasive electronic sphygmomanometer. Focusing on this, we designed a miniature non-invasive blood pressure measurement and verification system, which can assist doctors to record blood pressure data automatically during the process of auscultation. Through the data playback function,the software of this system can evaluate and verify the blood pressure algorithm of oscillographic method, and then continuously modify the algorithm to improve the measurement accuracy. This study introduces the hardware selection and software design process in detail. The test results show that the system meets the requirements of relevant standards and has a good application prospect.
Subject(s)
Auscultation , Blood Pressure/physiology , Blood Pressure Determination , Oscillometry , SphygmomanometersABSTRACT
An ultimate goal of neuroscience is to decipher the principles underlying neuronal information processing at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels. The advent of miniature fluorescence microscopy has furthered the quest by visualizing brain activities and structural dynamics in animals engaged in self-determined behaviors. In this brief review, we summarize recent advances in miniature fluorescence microscopy for neuroscience, focusing mostly on two mainstream solutions - miniature single-photon microscopy, and miniature two-photon microscopy. We discuss their technical advantages and limitations as well as unmet challenges for future improvement. Examples of preliminary applications are also presented to reflect on a new trend of brain imaging in experimental paradigms involving body movements, long and complex protocols, and even disease progression and aging.
ABSTRACT
An ultimate goal of neuroscience is to decipher the principles underlying neuronal information processing at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels. The advent of miniature fluorescence microscopy has furthered the quest by visualizing brain activities and structural dynamics in animals engaged in self-determined behaviors. In this brief review, we summarize recent advances in miniature fluorescence microscopy for neuroscience, focusing mostly on two mainstream solutions - miniature single-photon microscopy, and miniature two-photon microscopy. We discuss their technical advantages and limitations as well as unmet challenges for future improvement. Examples of preliminary applications are also presented to reflect on a new trend of brain imaging in experimental paradigms involving body movements, long and complex protocols, and even disease progression and aging.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the harmfulness of micro-miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to human body, especially to head caused by accidental uncontrolled crash. Methods The dynamic numerical simulation analysis was carried out by using ABAQUS software. The free-falling UAV was simplified in different geometric shapes to impact human head and the damage degree of human head caused by the impact was analyzed. Based on the biological tissue performance parameters, human head and neck was simplified as a mass-spring system and the head was modeled with actual skin texture. Results When the UAV fell from 10 m with weight of 0.5 kg, the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) of the disc-shaped UAV was 1.04, and the AIS of the corn-shaped and sphere-shaped UVA were 1.95 and 2.48. For the UAV with the same geometric shape, as the mass and the falling height increased, both impact acceleration of the head and the AIS increased. When the UAV impacted human head at different angles, the disc-shaped UAV exhibited the smallest impact acceleration, AIS and damage degree. The corn-shaped and sphere-shaped UVAs had small differences in impact acceleration and AIS, but their damage degrees were large. Conclusions When the uncontrolled micro-miniature UAV impacts human head, the mass, height or contact shape of the UAV have a significant influence on the damage degree of human head.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM:To study the effect of EX-PRESS miniature glaucoma device implantation on corneal endothelial cell density and intraocular pressure for primary open angle glaucoma(POAG). <p>METHODS:This was a prospective clinical study of 38 eyes in 32 POAG patients who underwent EX-PRESS miniature glaucoma device implantation in our hospital from May 2016 to December 2017. The central, nasal, temporal,superior, inferior endothelium cell density, intraocular pressure(IOP), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were observed at 24mo after operation. Anterior chamber depth and the position of drainage nail with iris and cornea were also observed. <p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference of the corneal endothelium density in five sites and BCVA between preoperation and postoperation(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was significant difference in IOP between pre-operation and postoperation(<i>P</i><0.05). The complete success rate was 66% and conditional success rate was 21%, the failure rate was 13%. The main cause of failure was filtering bleb scarring. There was no complete disappearance of anterior chamber during the operation and follow-up period. There were 1 eye of shallow anterior chamber, 5 eyes of EX-PRESS contact with iris surface. The position of drainage nail with iris and cornea endothelium was good in the other 32 eyes.<p>CONCLUSION: The EX-PRESS miniature glaucoma device implantation has no effect on corneal endothelial cells in five directions and can effectively control intraocular pressure. It is a safe and effective method for primary open-angle glaucoma.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the histological structure of the deciduous teeth and the tooth germs of Tibetan miniature pigs for studies of dental tissue diseases and tooth regeneration.@*METHODS@#The structure of the deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pigs was observed by X-ray. The ultrastructure of the enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The jaws and teeth were three-dimensionally reconstructed using Mimics software based on Micro-CT scanning of the deciduous teeth. Image J software was used to calculate the gray value and the mineralization density of the deciduous teeth. Hisotological structure of the tooth germ and the pulp tissue of Tibetan miniature pigs was observed using HE staining.@*RESULTS@#The deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pigs were composed of enamel, dentin and medullary pulp tissue. The permanent tooth germ were formed during the deciduous dentition. The enamel and dentin ultrastructure of deciduous teeth were consistent with that of human deciduous teeth. The enamel and dentin mineralization densities were 2.47±0.09 g/cm and 1.72±0.07 g/cm, respectively. The pathological structures of tooth germ and pulp tissue were similar to those of human teeth, and the pulp tissue of the deciduous teeth was in an undifferentiated state.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The deciduous teeth of Tibetan miniature pig have similar anatomy, ultrastructure and histopathological structure to human teeth and can serve as a good animal model for studying human dental tissue diseases and the mechanisms of tooth regeneration.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dental Enamel , Dental Pulp , Dentin , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Tibet , Tooth Germ , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes and significance of the protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), transforming long factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial tissue of Bama miniature pig model of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Ten healthy male Guangxi Bama miniature pigs, aged 4 to 5 months old, were selected and divided into control group and model group according to the random number table method, with 5 pigs in each group. After 12 hours of fasting in the two groups, the DCM model was replicated by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 150 mg/kg; for the Bama miniature pigs in the control group, citric acid-sodium citrate buffer 150 mg/kg was injected intravenously. After 10 months of modeling, the basic conditions of the two groups of animals were observed and their fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels were detected. The protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, TGF-β1, Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial tissue of two groups were detected by Western Blot and the pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed under electron microscope. Results In the model group, 4 models were successfully established, and 1 died. The model pigs had symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and decreased body weight. The FPG level in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (mmol/L: 25.53±3.75 vs. 4.68±0.77, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bax and TGF-β1 in the myocardial tissue of model group were significantly increased (NF-κB p65/GAPDH: 0.46±0.05 vs. 0.38±0.02, Bax/GAPDH: 0.46±0.01 vs. 0.35±0.01, TGF-β1/GAPDH: 0.39±0.01 vs. 0.33±0.01, all P < 0.05) and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased (Bcl-2/GAPDH: 0.33±0.01 vs. 0.42±0.01, P < 0.01). Electron microscopy results showed that the myofibrils of myocardial tissue in the DCM model group were disordered, and the number of mitochondria in the gap was significantly reduced. A large number of mitochondria with vacuolar degeneration were observed. Conclusions The DCM model of Bama miniature pigs can be successfully replicated after 10 months of high-dose STZ disposable ear vein injection. The DCM model miniature pigs have obvious glucose metabolism disorder, and their myocardial tissue has inflammatory reaction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a non-venous bypass orthotopic liver transplantation model in Bama miniature pigs with high repeatability and stability. Methods Twelve Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the donor group (n=6) and recipient group (n=6). Pigs underwent non-venous bypass orthotopic liver transplantation. The time of anhepatic phase during operation was shortened, blood pressure during anhepatic phase was stably maintained, and management of anesthesia and body fluid during operation were strengthened. The operation time, anhepatic phase and survival status of the recipients were observed and recorded. The intraoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and changes in arterial blood gas analysis were monitored. The perioperative liver function was evaluated. Results Among 6 Bama miniature pigs, 1 died from transplantation failure intraoperatively. The operation time of the remaining 5 pigs was (247±27) min and the time of anhepatic phase was (46±4) min. Three animals survived for more than 2 weeks. Compared with the preanhepatic phase, the heart rate of the animals was significantly faster, MAP was considerably reduced to (46±6) mmHg, blood pH value, base excess (BE) and HCO3- level were all significantly decreased and serum level of K+ was significantly elevated during the anhepatic phase (all P < 0.05). In the neohepatic phase, MAP of Bama miniature pigs was significantly increased, heart rate was dramatically slower.Blood pH value, BE, HCO3- level were significantly increased and serum level of K+ was significantly declined (all P < 0.05). During abdominal closure, MAP, blood gas indexes and serum level of K+ were almost recovered to those in the preanhepatic phase. Compared with preoperative levels, the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were significantly increased after operation (all P < 0.05), the change in AST was the most obvious, and it gradually decreased at postoperative 2 d. The level of γ-gutamyl transferase(GGT) did not significantly elevated. The level of total bilirubin (TB) was evidently elevated at postoperative 5 d. Compared with the preoperative levels, the levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were significantly decreased after operation (both P < 0.05), and began to gradually increase at postoperative 1 d. Conclusions The non-venous bypass orthotopic liver transplantation model of Bama miniature pig is convenient, with highly reproducible and survival rate, which can be utilized as a standardized liver transplantation model.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the safety and clinical, hemodynamic and tissue improvement ability in mini pigs undergoing cell and gene therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-two mini pigs Br1 lineage, 12 months old, undergoing induction of acute myocardial infarction by occlusion of the diagonal branch of the paraconal coronary. They were divided into 4 groups: one control group and 3 treatment groups (cell therapy and gene cell therapy). Echocardiography reviews were performed on three occasions and histopathological analysis was performed after 4 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and Wilcoxon tests, were performed. Results: Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with angiopoietin1 (Ang1) presented satisfactory results in the improvement of ventricular function following ischemic cardiomyopathy in mini pigs when compared to the results of the other treated groups. Conclusion: The therapy with VEGF and the combination of VEGF with Ang1, promoted recovered function of the myocardium, characterized by reduced akinetic area and induction of neovascularization.
Subject(s)
Animals , Genetic Therapy/methods , Ventricular Function/physiology , Angiopoietin-1/therapeutic use , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/therapeutic use , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Wound Healing , Echocardiography , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Disease Models, Animal , Hemodynamics/physiology , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , NecrosisABSTRACT
<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the practicability and safety of the F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of hematospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 12 cases of refractory hematospermia accompanied by perineal or lower abdominal pain and discomfort. All the patients failed to respond to two months of systemic anti-inflammatory medication and local physiotherapy. Seminal vesicle tumor and tuberculosis were excluded preoperatively by rectal seminal vesicle ultrasonography, MRI or CT. Under epidural anesthesia, microscopic examination was performed with the F4.8 miniature nephroscope through the urethra and ejaculatory duct orifice into the seminal vesicle cavity, the blood clots washed out with normal saline, the seminal vesicle stones extracted by holmium laser lithotripsy and with the reticular basket, the seminal vesicle polyps removed by holmium laser ablation and vaporization, and the seminal vesicle cavity rinsed with diluted iodophor after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 10 patients subjected to bilateral seminal vesiculoscopy, 3 with unilateral and 2 with bilateral seminal vesicle stones were treated by holmium laser lithotripsy, saline flushing and reticular-basket removal, 2 with seminal vesicle polyps by holmium laser ablation and vaporization, and the other 3 with blood clots in the seminal vesicle cavity by saline flushing for complete clearance. The 2 patients subjected to unilateral seminal vesiculoscopy both received flushing of the seminal vesicle cavity for clearance of the blood clots. The operations lasted 10－55 (25 ± 6) minutes. There were no such intra- or post-operative complications as rectal injury, peripheral organ injury, and external urethral sphincter injury. The urethral catheter was removed at 24 hours, anti-infection medication withdrawn at 72 hours, and regular sex achieved at 2 weeks postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 6－20 (7 ± 2.3) months, during which hematospermia and related symptoms disappeared in 10 cases at 3 months and recurrence was observed in the other 2 at 4 months after surgery but improved after antibiotic medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope can be applied to the examination of the seminal vesicle cavity and treatment of seminal vesicle stones and polyps, with the advantages of minimal invasiveness, safety and reliability.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Calculi , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Ejaculatory Ducts , Endoscopes , Endoscopy , Genital Neoplasms, Male , Hemospermia , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Holmium , Lasers, Solid-State , Lithotripsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Postoperative Complications , Reproducibility of Results , Seminal Vesicles , Diagnostic Imaging , UrethraABSTRACT
Blood pressure (BP) measurement plays a pivotal role in veterinary medicine for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders and monitoring anesthesia of animals. Although indirect BP measurement has been widely applied to monitor BP because of its convenience and non-invasiveness, it is still unclear whether indirect BP measurement is compatible with direct BP measurement in minipigs. In addition, the effect of animal posture during BP measurement is not well understood in minipigs despite its importance to cardiovascular performance. Therefore, both systolic and diastolic arterial BPs in minipigs were measured via femoral artery catheterization for direct BP measurement and using a compressive cuff as an indirect BP measurement under the dorsal or right lateral recumbent postures. Numerical values were processed by the Bland-Altman method to calculate the bias ± SD and the limits of agreement (LOA). In accordance with the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines, the results between direct and indirect BP measurements were determined as apparent disagreements in both systolic and diastolic arterial BPs under all postures because of large bias ± SD and wide LOA. The results of the present will help prevent misinterpretation of the anesthetized patient's condition during monitoring of BP by indirect measurement.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anesthesia , Bias , Blood Pressure , Catheterization , Catheters , Diagnosis , Femoral Artery , Internal Medicine , Loa , Methods , Posture , Swine, Miniature , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
Due to their similarities with humans in anatomy, physiology, and genetics miniature pigs are becoming an attractive model for biomedical research. We aim to establish and evaluate blood type O cells derived from Korean native pig (KNP), a typical miniature pig breed in Korea. Ten cell lines derived from 8 KNP piglets and one adult female KNP (kidney and ear tissues) were established. To confirm the presence of blood type O, genomic DNA, fucosyltransferase (FUT) expression, and immunofluorescence staining were examined. Additionally, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and somatic cell nuclear transfer were performed to investigate the normality of the cell lines and to evaluate their effectiveness in embryo development. We found no significant bands corresponding to specific blood group A, and no increase in FUT expression in cell lines derived from piglets No. 1, No. 4, No. 5, No. 8, and the adult female KNP; moreover, they showed normal levels of expression of α 1,3-galactosyltransferase and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase. There was no significant difference in embryo development between skin and kidney fibroblasts derived from the blood type O KNPs. In conclusion, we successfully established blood type O KNP cell lines, which may serve as a useful model in xenotransplantation research.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cell Line , Cytidine , DNA , Ear , Embryonic Development , Fibroblasts , Flow Cytometry , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Genetics , Heterografts , Kidney , Korea , Physiology , Skin , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Transplantation, HeterologousABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of Dalbergia odorifera on blood lipid and blood coagulation system in coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia miniature swine with blood stasis syndrome. METHODS:A total of 18 swine were randomly divided into sham operation group (routine feed),model group (routine feed) and S.miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of D. odorifera group(1 g/kg S. miltiorrhiza+0.1 mL/kg oil of D. odorifera,mixing administration),for consecutive 8 weeks. At 4th week,coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia model of blood stasis syndrome was established by Ameriod coarctation ring implantation in other 2 groups except for sham operation group. At 8th week,the syndrome of the model was observed according to coronary angiography and the macroscopic indications. At 2th,6th,8th week,intravenous blood was collected to test the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,apolipoprotein A1(apoA1),apoB,PT,APTT,TT and FIB in miniature swine. RESULTS:At 6th,8th week,compared with sham operation group,serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,apoB and FIB were increased in model group,while PT,APTT and TT were shortened and the levels of HDL-C and apoA1 were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and apoB were decreased in S. miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of D. odorifera group,while PT,APTT and TT were prolonged and the levels of HDL-C and apoA1 were increased, with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The S.miltiorrhiza-volatile oil of D. odorifera could reduce blood lipid and improve blood coagulation system index disorder in coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia miniature swine with blood stasis syndrome.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the anatomical structure of arterial vessels in the head and neck of miniature pigs and the related application of vascular cast specimens,and the technology of three-dimensional model reconstruction by CT imaging. Methods A vascular cast specimen of a miniature pig head and neck was made by a 128-slice spiral CT scanning,and a three-dimensional model of the arterial vessels in the head and neck of the miniature pig was reconstructed. Results The cast specimen clearly showed the distribution and running characteristics of the arteries in the head and neck of a miniature pig. The three-dimensional digital model was realistic and stereoscopic,showing the running and distribution of arteries from multiple angles and layers. Conclusions The distribution and running characteristics of arterial vessels in the head and neck of a miniature pig have been investigated by the combination of cast specimen and three-dimensional digital model,providing a morphological reference for the establishment of pig cerebrovascular models in respects of both solid specimen and virtualized model.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the feasibility of needle-embedding therapy in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia using a miniature pig model established by placement of an Ameroid constrictor at the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery in Bama miniature pigs during surgery. Methods The miniature pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia was established by placement of an Ameroid constrictor at the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in Bama miniature pigs. The pig models were randomly divided into the treatment group (the"Neiguan " group) and the control group (the "Zusanli " group), and were treated with needle- embedding electroacupuncture at the"Neiguan" (PC6) and "Zusanli" (ST36) acupoints, respectively. Myocardial samples were taken at 6 weeks after surgery for light and electron microscopic examinations. Results Gross pathology showed that ischemic area in the myocardium appeared in both experimental groups. The ischemic area in the "Zusanli "group was larger than that of the"Neiguan"group. Histopathology showed that the acupuncture treatment at the"Neiguan"acupoint reduced the ischemic injury in the pig myocardial tissues. Ultrastructural observation of the myocardium showed mitochondrial vacuolization in cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibrosis in both groups. Conclusions Acupuncture therapy at the"Neiguan"acupoint of pericardial channel may exert protective effect on the myocardial ischemia by reducing the ischemia-injury of cardiomyocytes, but can not inhibit the already existed ischemia-induced cardiomyocytic injuries. Our findings suggest that the establishment of miniature pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia by surgically placing an Ameroid constrictor on the left anterior descending branch of left coronary artery and the needle-embedding in acupoints is feasible for the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia in this pig model.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of general anesthesia on Wuzhishan miniature pigs induced by a mixture of ketamine, Sumianxin II and midazolam, and maintained by ketamine and propofol in surgery lasting up to 8 hours. Methods A total of 18 Wuzhishan miniature pigs (body weight (20. 3 ± 1. 9) kg, 14 male and 4 female) were used in this study. The induction of anesthesia was performed with intramuscular injection of ketamine (8 -10 mg/kg) Sumianxin II (1. 5 mL) and midazolam (10 mg) behind the ear, and the general anesthesia was maintained with a mixture containing 0. 9％ sodium chloride 8 mL, ketamine 100 mg/2 mL and propofol 200 mg/40 mL, continuously injected through the marginal ear vein through a syringe infusion pump. The time spent for anesthesia induction and the duration time of anesthesia were recorded. Physiological indexes including body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, the reflex activities, and the effects of analgesia, sedation and muscular relaxation of the miniature pigs under anesthesia at 0, 0. 5, 1, 1. 5, 2, 4, 6, 8 h were observed. Results All the 18 pigs were successfully anaesthetized, but 4 pigs died during surgery due to hypovolemic shock, anesthesia accident, left main coronary thrombosis and reperfusion arrhythmia, respectively. During anesthesia, the analgesia, sedation and muscular relaxation effects on the pigs were obvious. The average time spent for anesthesia induction was (4. 8 ± 1. 2) min and the duration time of anesthesia was (54. 1 ± 5. 8) min. The eyelid reflex, corneal reflex and anal reflex in the pigs were weak or disappeared during 1 -8 h after the anesthesia was induced. The body temperature of the pigs was decreased gradually, with a significant difference between 1 h and 0 h (P＜ 0. 05), reaching the lowest point at 4 h, and then maintained stable. The blood pressure was gradually decreased, reaching the lowest level at 2 h (P ＜ 0. 05), then somehow increased, and maintained at a stable level until the end of surgery. The respiratory rate fluctuated during the anesthesia, with no significant difference. Conclusions The anesthesia induced by a combination of ketamine, Sumianxin II and midazolam and maintained with a combination of ketamine and propofol is simple to operate, shows effects fast, and has good effects of analgesia, sedation and muscular relaxation, keeping the circulatory system and respiratory system relatively stable throughout the anesthesia. Thus it is suitable for general anesthesia for miniature pigs.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To explore the efficacy of EX-PRESS combined with amniotic membrane implantation for open angle glaucoma. METHODS:The data of 43 eyes of 43 patients with open angle glaucoma were enrolled from January 2014 to January 2017. The patients were randomly divided into amniotic group and mitomycin (MMC) group. All cases received EX-PRESS combined with amniotic membrane implantation (amniotic group) or with intraoperative application of mitomycin (MMC group). The early postoperative anterior chamber formation, filtering bleb, intraocular pressure ( IOP) and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The intraocular pressure of the two groups were significantly lower at 1wk,1 and 6mo after operation than those before operation (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the best corrected visual acuity in the two groups at 1wk after operation compared with before operation(P>0.05). At 1 and 6mo postoperatively, the rate of functional bleb formation was 91% and 73% in amniotic group, and they were 90% and 86% in MMC group, respectively, the difference between the groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). At 1 and 6mo postoperatively,the total success rate was 95%,86% in amniotic group, and they were 95%, 90% in MMC group, respectively, the difference between the groups were not statistically significant (all P>0. 05). At 1wk postoperatively, the incidence of shallow anterior chamber was 9% in amniotic group and 33% in the MMC group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0 05). At 1mo postoperatively, the incidence of bleb leakage was 5% in amniotic group and 29% in MMC group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0 05). At the end of follow-up, there were 4 eyes of thin-wall bleb in MMC group and no cases in amniotic group. CONCLUSION: EX - PRESS combined with amniotic membrane implantation for open angle glaucoma is good on lowering intraocular pressure with less complications than the combination of MMC.