Morphological changes of frankel functional regulator III in mixed dentition with class III malocclusion / Cambios morfológicos del regulador funcional frankel III en dentición mixta con maloclusión clase III

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hard and soft tissue profile changes following treatment of functional and mild skeletal class III malocclusion in mixed dentition by means of the Frankel functional regulator (FR-3) appliance, and to reveal the mechanism and effectiveness of treatment with FR-3 appliance. Twenty-six patients (chronological mean age, 8.7±1.4 years; mean treatment duration, 10.3±1.3 months) with functional and mild skeletal class III malocclusion were selected and treated with FR-3 appliances. Lateral cephalogram was taken pre- and post-treatment, and the data was analyzed by paired-samples t test with SPSS22.0 software package. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. The results demonstrated that the FR-3 appliance produced a statistically significant decrease in L1-NB, L1-MP, U1-L1 (P<0.01) and an increase greatly in ANB, MP-FH, Y axis, ANSMe, ANS-Me/N-Me and overjet (P<0.01). SNA, SNB were increased significantly (P<0.05). Meanwhile, N'-Sn-Pog', ULSn-SN, LLSiSN increased, S-N'-Si, LL-EP decreased with significant difference (P<0.01). S-N'-Sn, Cm-Sn-UL, UL-EP, Sn-Mes and Ns-Mes increased with significant difference (P<0.05). Therefore it was concluded that after FR-3 treatment, the position of mandible may rotate clockwise backwards and downwards, with the labioversion of upper incisors and linguoversion of lower incisors. Although point A moved mesially, the length and position of the maxilla did not change significantly. With the protrusion of upper lip and the retrusion of lower lip, the relationship among nose, upper lip, lower lip and chin become harmonious, the profile of soft tissue is more coordinated and attractive.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en el perfil de los tejidos duros y blandos después del tratamiento de la maloclusión funcional y leve de la clase III esquelética en la dentición mixta mediante el aparato regulador funcional Frankel (FR-3), y revelar el mecanismo y efectividad del tratamiento con el aparato FR-3. Veintiseis pacientes (edad media 8,7 ± 1,4 años; duración media del tratamiento, 10,3 ± 1,3 meses) con maloclusión funcional y leve de clase esquelética III fueron seleccionados y tratados con aparatos FR-3. El cefalograma lateral se tomó antes y después del tratamiento, y los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t de muestras con el software SPSS22.0. Las diferencias se consideraron estadísticamente significativas a P <0,05. Los resultados demostraron que el dispositivo FR-3 produjo una disminución estadísticamente significativa en L1-NB, L1MP, U1-L1 (P <0,01) y un gran aumento en ANB, MP-FH, eje Y, ANS-Me, ANS -Me / N-Me y overjet (P <0,01). SNA, SNB se incrementaron significativamente (P <0,05). Mientras tanto, N'Sn-Pog', ULSn-SN, LLSi-SN aumentaron, S-N'-Si, LL-EP disminuyeron con una diferencia significativa (P <0,01). S-N'-Sn, Cm-Sn-UL, UL-EP, Sn-Mes y Ns-Mes aumentaron con una diferencia significativa (P <0,05). Por lo tanto, se concluyó que después del tratamiento con FR-3, la posición de la mandíbula puede girar en sentido reloj hacia atrás y hacia abajo, con labioversión de los incisivos superiores y linguoversión de los incisivos inferiores. Aunque el punto A se movió mesialmente, la longitud y la posición del maxilar no cambiaron significativamente. Con la protuberancia del labio superior y la retrusión del labio inferior, la relación entre la nariz, el labio superior, el labio inferior y el mentón se armoniza, el perfil del tejido blando es más coordinado y atractivo.

Variaciones anatómicas de la silla turca en radiografías laterales de cráneo. Hospital "Faustino Pérez", 2017-2018 / Anatomic variants of sella turcica in lateral crania radiographies. Hospital "Faustino Pérez¨, 2017-2018

RESUMEN Introducción: diversos autores reflejan que la morfología de la silla turca constituye un factor predisponente para algunas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, se considera que existe correlación entre la morfología de esta estructura anatómica y varias patologías; como el síndrome de la silla turca vacía, síndrome de Williams, paladar hendido, entre otras. Objetivo: describir las variaciones anatómicas de la silla turca que se observan en las radiografías laterales de cráneo del Hospital Universitario "Faustino Pérez" de la ciudad de Matanzas, en el período de enero del 2017 a enero del 2018. Materiales y métodos: el universo fue 140 radiografías laterales de cráneo, de estas 85 pertenecieron al sexo femenino y 55 al masculino. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo y variaciones anatómicas de la silla turca. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: se observó un predominio de la variación anatómica de la silla turca en forma de U, en ambos sexos. Seguido de la forma de J, predominando la variación en forma de U en el grupo etario de 41 a 50 años y la forma de J en los pacientes mayores de 60 años. Conclusiones: es imprescindible el conocimiento de la anatomía normal de la silla turca y de sus variaciones anatómicas, tanto para las especialidades quirúrgicas como para las no quirúrgicas. Un análisis exhaustivo de la morfología de esta estructura es necesario para establecer parámetros que excluyan determinadas patologías.

ABSTRACT Introduction: several authors declare that sella turcica morphology is a predisposing factor to several diseases. For example, it is considered that there is a correlation between the morphology of this anatomical structure and several pathologies like empty sella turcica syndrome, Williams syndrome, cleft palate and others. Objective: to describe the anatomical variants of sella turcica observed in side cranial radiographies of the University Hospital ¨Faustino Perez¨ of Matanzas, in the period January 2017-January 2018. Materials and methods: the universe was 140 side cranial radiography: 85 belonged to female patients and 55 to male patients. The studied variables were age, sex and sella turcica anatomical variables. Theoretic and empirical methods were used. Results: it was observed a predominance of the U-shaped sella turcica anatomical variant in both sexes, followed by the J-shaped one. The U-shaped form predominated in the 41-50-years-old age-group and the J-shaped form in patients elder than 60 years. Conclusions: it is essential to know sella turcica normal anatomy and its anatomical variables, both for the surgical specialties and for the non-surgical ones. It is necessary the exhaustive analysis of this structure to establish parameters excluding several pathologies.

Ultrastructural aspects of sylvatic dengue virus infection in Vero cell

@#Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV), the causative agent of dengue disease exists in sylvatic and endemic ecotypes. The cell morphological changes and viral morphogenesis of two dengue ecotypes were examined at the ultrastructural level to identify potential similarities and differences in the surrogate model of enzootic host. Materials and Methods: Vero cells were inoculated with virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. Cell cultures were harvested over a time course and processed for transmission electron microscopic imaging. Results: The filopodia protrusions on cell periphery preceded virus entry. Additionally, sylvatic DENV infection was found spreading slower than the endemic DENV. Morphogenesis of both dengue ecotypes was alike but at different level of efficiency in the permissive cells. Conclusions: This is the first ultrastructural study on sylvatic DENV and this comparative study revealed the similarities and differences of cellular responses and morphogenesis of two dengue ecotypes in vitro. The study revealed the weaker infectivity of sylvatic DENV in the surrogate model of enzootic host, which supposed to support better replication of enzootic DENV than endemic DENV.

Regulating effect of electroacupuncture on left ventricular function and autophagy-specific proteins in spontaneously hypertension rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cardiac hypertrophy and expression of myocardial autophagy-specific proteins in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS: Twelve male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were selected as the normal control group, and 24 male SHRs were randomized into model and EA groups (n＝12 in each). EA (2 Hz /15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to "Taichong" (LR3) and "Baihui" (GV20) for 20 min, once a day for successive 30 days. The other two groups only received the same grasping and fixation procedures. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using a non-invasive blood detector, and the left ventricular function including the left ventricular anterior wall diameter (LVAWd), left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd) and left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastolic dimension (LVIDd) was detected using a real-time echocardiography imaging system, and the left ventricular mass index (left ventricle weight / body weight, LVMI) was calculated. The expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins in the left ventricle tissue was detected by Western blot. Pathological changes of the myocardial tissue were observed by Masson staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: After the intervention, the elevated SBP was significantly lowered in the EA group relevant to the model group (P<0.01) and the increased LVAWd, LVPWd and LVMI were markedly decreased in the EA group (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the reduced LVIDd was significantly ameliorated in the EA group (P<0.01). Masson staining showed that in SHRs, disorder of arrangement of cardiac myofibers, swelling of cardiomyocytes, widened space among myocardial cells with a large number of collagenous fibers were observed, and under TEM, aggregation and unequal size of myocardial mitochondria with vacuolation and rupture, autophagosomes and autophagic lysosomes were seen. These changes were relatively milder in the EA group. Western blot showed that hypertension induced up-regulation of Beclin-1 and LC3-II and ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, and down-regulation of LC3-I were significantly suppressed in the EA group (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EA at LR3 and GV20 may improve the left cardiac function, myocardial morphological changes and the degree of autophagy in SHRs, which is related to its effects in down-regulating the expression of myocardial Beclin-1 and LC3-II and in up-regulating expression of LC3-I.

Enfermedades del tejido conectivo y sus cambios morfoestructurales / Morphological changes in connective tissue diseases

Introducción: Las enfermedades del tejido conectivo constituyen un problema de salud para las instituciones sanitarias de cualquier país, no solo por los síntomas que las acompañan, lo cual resulta motivo de atención médica frecuente, sino por la elevada carga asistencial, los elevados costos sanitarios y las afectaciones a la calidad de vida que genera en las personas que las padecen. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre algunas enfermedades del tejido conectivo y sus complejidades morfológicas estructurales. Desarrollo: En la literatura consultada pudo constatarse la existencia de un grupo de enfermedades autoinmunes de tipo sistémico; tales como la artritis reumatoide, el lupus eritematoso sistémico, la esclerosis sistémica, la dermatomiositis, las miopatías inflamatorias, el síndrome antifosfolípido, el síndrome de Sjögren y las vasculitis necrotizantes sistémicas, que llaman la atención de los especialistas. Conclusiones: La mayoría de estas afecciones evolucionan con dolor, molestias y limitaciones para desarrollar las actividades de la vida cotidiana por lo que los pacientes suelen expresar sufrimiento, en particular, porque son enfermedades progresivas que pueden producir daños irreversibles con pronóstico no siempre favorable y cuya respuesta al tratamiento específico no siempre es satisfactoria, lo que acentúa el malestar y los síntomas en general y dan lugar a angustia y sufrimiento espiritual al paciente y sus familiares(AU)

Introduction: Connective tissue diseases are a health concern for healthcare institutions in any country, not only because of the symptoms they present, which is a reason for frequent medical attention, but also because of the need for care, high health costs and the great negative effects on the quality of life generated in the lives of people who suffer from them. Objective: To reflect about some connective tissue diseases and their structural and morphological complications. Development: During the analysis of the consulted literature, we could verify the existence of a group of systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, inflammatory myopathies, antiphospholipid syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic necrotizing vasculitis, which has drawn the specialists' attention. Conclusions: Most of these conditions develop with pain, discomfort and limitations to perform activities of daily life, a reason why patients often feel distressed, particularly because these are diseases that can cause irreversible damage with a not always favorable prognosis and whose response to specific treatment is not always satisfactory, which accentuates the discomfort and symptoms in general and gives rise to spiritual anguish and suffering in the patient and their relatives(AU)

Changes in corneal morphology after small incision lenticule extraction surgery / 眼科新进展

Small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) surgery,the latest developed surgery to treat ametropia at present,is applied widely because of its shorttake of time,fewer complications and great curative effects.It has arisen over 5 years in China and many follow-up studies have been performed on the changes in corneal morphology after SMILE to help test the safety and efficacy of the surgery.This review will clarify the changes in corneal morphology after SMLIE surgery.

Conidial germination in Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans: influence of growth conditions and antifungal susceptibility profiles

In the present study, we have investigated some growth conditions capable of inducing the conidial germination in Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans. Germination in Sabouraud medium (pH 7.0, 37ºC, 5% CO2) showed to be a typically time-dependent event, reaching ~75% in S. minutisporum and > 90% in S. apiospermum, S. aurantiacum and L. prolificans after 4 h. Similar germination rate was observed when conidia were incubated under different media and pHs. Contrarily, temperature and CO2 tension modulated the germination. The isotropic conidial growth (swelling) and germ tube-like projection were evidenced by microscopy and cytometry. Morphometric parameters augmented in a time-dependent fashion, evidencing changes in size and granularity of fungal cells compared with dormant 0 h conidia. In parallel, a clear increase in the mitochondrial activity was measured during the transformation of conidia-into-germinated conidia. Susceptibility profiles to itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin varied regarding each morphotype and each fungal species. Overall, the minimal inhibitory concentrations for hyphae were higher than conidia and germinated conidia, except for caspofungin. Collectively, our study add new data about the conidia-into-hyphae transformation in Scedosporium and Lomentospora species, which is a relevant biological process of these molds directly connected to their antifungal resistance and pathogenicity mechanisms.

Effects of sildenafil on dental pulp: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evaluation / Efectos de sildenafil en la pulpa dental: evaluación inmunohistoquímica y ultraestructural

Sildenafil is a strong peripheral vasodilator and is used to treat cardiovascular and neurosurgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on dental pulp of rats. The study was performed with adult female Wistar-Albino rats. Control group (n= 7) were fed on standard laboratory diet until surgery. The study group (n= 7) were administered sildenafil orally with orogastric tube 10 mg·kg-1 once a day for 30 days. Each rat was anesthetized and incisor teeth were removed. This study examined the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on the dental pulp in rats. The relaxation from the vessel, endothelial cell hyperplasia, moderate degeneration of collagen fibers were observed to cause degenerative changes in odontoblast with sildenafil. In the pulp tissue long-term use sildenafil is thought to cause degeneration and new vessel formation.

El sildenafil es un vasodilatador periférico importante y se utiliza para tratar enfermedades cardiovasculares y en neurocirugía. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos inmunohistoquímicos y ultraestructurales del sildenafil sobre la pulpa dental de ratas. El estudio se realizó con ratas Wistar albinas, hembras adultas. El grupo de control (n= 7) fue alimentado con una dieta estándar de laboratorio hasta que se realizó la cirugía. El grupo de estudio (n= 7) fue tratado con sildenafil por vía oral y sonda orogástrica 10 mg·kg-1 una vez al día durante 30 días. Cada rata fue anestesiada y se extrajeron los dientes incisivos. Se examinaron los efectos inmunohistoquímicos y ultraestructurales del sildenafil sobre la pulpa dentaria. Con la administración de sildenafil se observó la relajación de los vasos, la hiperplasia de las células endoteliales y una degeneración moderada de fibras colágenas causando cambios degenerativos en los odontoblastos. En el tejido pulpar, el uso de sildenafil a largo plazo puede causar la degeneración y neoformación de vasos.

Clinical aesthetic effect of inverted L-shape epicanthoplasty combined with blepharoplasty / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the morphological changes of external eyes before and after epicanthoplasty combined with blepharoplasty and to explore a simple and efficient method to correct epicanthus. Methods A total of 120 eyes in 60 patients were operated on with the inverted L-sharp epicanthoplasty combined with double-eyelid blepharoplasty and the follow-up began 2 months after the surgery. The height and physiognomic length of the eyelid and the length and angle of the eyelash were measured and compared with preoperative meansurements, as well as the distance of the inner canthus. The ratios between the inner-canthus distance and the physiognomic eyelid breadth and the diameter of eyebrow and eye were also described. Results The contours of the eyelid fissure and the double-eyelid were natural and the surgical scare was seen unconspicuous 3 months after the operation. Changes in the palpebral fissure , the angel and length of the exposed eyelash were all significantly different by paired-sample t test (P < 0.01). The vertical and horizontal lines through the entocanthion and the vertical line through the gnomic ectocanthion combined with the horizontal line through the brow ridge formed a square structure. Conclusions This inverted L-shape epicanthoplasty combined with blepharoplasty may be effective in reconstructing the contours of the entocanthions as well as the shape of the double eyelids. It can also achieve better cosmetic effects in the proportional relation between the eyes and eyebrows. Therefore, it deserves clinical promotion.

Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de cultivares de soja submetidos a déficit hídrico induzido por PEG 6000 / Phisiological and biochemical aspects of soybean cultivars submitted to water deficit induced by PEG 6000

Na cultura da soja, o déficit hídrico é um dos fatores limitantes à obtenção da máxima produtividade. A identificação de genótipos com capacidade de tolerância à seca é fundamental para a solução desse problema. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, analisar a qualidade fisiológica e as respostas bioquímicas de cultivares de soja (MG/BR 46 Conquista, UFUS Carajás, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Riqueza e UFUS Xavante) submetidas ao estresse hídrico com soluções de PEG 6000 em diferentes níveis de potencial osmótico (0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3 e -0,4 MPa). Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das cultivares por meio dos testes de comprimento de plântulas e biomassa fresca e seca de plântulas. As respostas bioquímicas foram avaliadas pela detecção do ácido indol-acético, pelo conteúdo de sacarose e pelo transporte de água nas plântulas. A cultivar UFUS Riqueza apresentou os melhores desempenhos nos testes de qualidade fisiológica, conteúdo de sacarose, absorção e velocidade de absorção de água em plântulas. A cultivar UFUS Xavante mostrou a maior concentração de AIA e o maior massa de plântulas no teste de transporte de água.

In soybean culture water deficit is one of the most limiting factors to the maximum yield obtained. Genotypes identification with drought tolerance capacity is fundamental to solve this problem. The objective in this paper was analyze the physiological quality and physiological and biochemical responses of soybeans cultivars (MG/BR 46 Conquista, UFUS Carajás, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Riqueza and UFUS Xavante) submitted to water stress with PEG 6000 solutions in different levels of osmotic potentials (0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3 and -0,4 MPa). Physiological quality of cultivars were evaluated by seedling length test and fresh and dry biomass. The biochemical responses were evaluated by detection of indol-acetic acid (IAA), by saccharose content and seedling water transportation. UFUS Riqueza presented the best performance in physiological quality tests, saccharose content, absorption and water absorption velocity in seedling. UFUS Xavante showed the highest IAA's concentration and the greater weight of seedling in water transportation test.

Morphological changes in the gills of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) exposed to coal mining effluent water.

Ultrastructural changes in the gills of cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to coal mining effluent water collected from Rymbai river in Jaintia hills, Meghalaya, India was investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pH of effluent water in the river was significantly low (2.5 – 3.0) due to coal mining activity in the adjacent areas. The dissolved oxygen (DO) was 7.7 mg l-1 and conductivity 0.93 mS. Morphological changes like dissociation of the epithelium (E) of branchial arches and gill filaments, hypertrophy and disorientation in the array of lamellae were observed in the treated fish, leading to fish death. The primary and secondary gill lamellae (PL and SL) exhibited fusion, distortion and loss of alignment. Some of the gill rackers showed necrosis at certain places. The morphological features of the gills as revealed through SEM were highly deteriorated when compared to control.

Role of melatonin against oxidative tissue damage induced by Cleistanthus collinus in rat brain.

Background & objectives: The leaves of Cleistanthus collinus, an extremely poisonous plant are consumed for suicidal purposes in various parts of India. The mortality rate is high and there is no antidote. In this study, we attempted to delineate oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of action of C. collinus toxicity in rats and the role of melatonin against injury to brain and heart caused by C. collinus. Methods: Adult Wistar rats (130 -200 g, n = 6 per group) of either sex were used. C. collinus at 8 mg/kg body weight (LD50) was administered orally followed by melatonin 15 mg/kg body weight ip or cysteine 500 mg/kg body weight ip (standard) after 2 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels in brain, heart and blood were estimated and histopathological examinations (brain and heart) were done. For the survival study, rats were treated with increasing doses of melatonin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight ip) following a lethal dose of C. collinus (10.5 g/kg body weight orally). Results: The results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in blood and brain MDA levels and decrease in tissue GSH in the LD50 group. This was accompanied by marked gliosis, spongiform necrosis and lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates in brain and marked congestion, inflammation and muscle necrosis in heart. Melatonin significantly (P<0.05) reduced lipid peroxidation and reversed the histopathological changes induced by C. collinus in the brain but not in the heart. Interpretation & conclusion: Our results suggest that oxidative mechanisms play an important role in C. collinus induced tissue damage and melatonin, by balancing oxidant-antioxidant status ameliorates oxidative organ injury in brain due to C. collinus toxicity.

SEM Observation on the Weathering Human Hair after Burial / 체질인류학회지

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of hair according to weathering after burial and to offer basic data for forensic science. To examine the effect of weathering degree, the 45 hairs buried for 5~50 years were taken from deceased individuals in tombs in Korea. The morphological changes in weathering hair shafts of the scalp were investigated using the scanning electron microscopes. There were little morphological differences of weathering depending on the regions of burial. The weathering changes includes exclusion of cuticle, separation of hair cortex and hollow formation in the medulla according to the burial period. These results could provide basic data to the field of forensic medicine.

Effects of Intermittent Head-up Tilt on the Endothelin Expression and Morphological Changes of Artery during Simulated Weightlessness in Rabbits / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To observe the effects of intermittent 45? head-uptilt on endothelin(ET-1) expression and morphological changes of femoral and carotid arteries in rabbits induced by 21 d simulated weightlessness.Method Twenty-four healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into control group,simulated weightlessness group and countermeasure group,8 rabbits in each group.The simulated weightlessness group kept head-down tilt for 21 d.The countermeasure group was exposed to 45? head-up tilt for 2 h every day during 21 d head-down tilt.After 21 d experiment,structure of femoral artery and carotid artery were studied and ET-1 expression was tested by immunohistochemical method.Result Detachment of endothelial cells in femoral artery,necrosis of smooth muscle cells and decreased ET-1 expression were found in animals in the simulated weightlessness group,and the vessel wall became thinner.While hyperplasia of endothelial cells and thickened internal elastic lamina of the carotid artery were also observed.No significant changes were observed in femoral artery and carotid artery in animals of the countermeasure group.ET-1 expression decreased in femoral artery but increased in carotid artery in animals of the simulated weightlessness group,but no significant change was found in both femoral and carotid arteries in animals of the countermeasure group as compared with those in the control group.Conclusion Twenty-one days simulated weightlessness may induce an atrophic change and decreased ET-1 expression in femoral artery,and hyperplastic change and increased ET-1 expression in carotid artery in rabbits.Two-hour 45? head-up tilt every day may partly counteract the change in femoral artery and carotid artery induced by simulated weightlessness.

A Case of Hyperplastic Gastric Polyposis with Morphological Changes during Short Follow-up Period / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Hyperplastic polyps are often multiple and by far the most frequent lesions among gastric polyps, contributing for about 90% of the polypoid lesions observed in the stomach. However, hyperplastic gastric polyposis is rare and was not exactly evaluated for natural course. These lesions are considered reactive and not genetically determined conditions. So it has been claimed that the hyperplastic polyps and hyperplastic polyposis are non-neoplastic lesions that result from regenerative hyperplastic reaction to inflammation and erosion. Recently we experienced a hyperplastic gastric polyposis with morphological changes during short follow-up period and reported herein.

Morphological Changes of the Intestine of the Golden Hamster after Treatment with 6-Aminonicotinamide / 대한해부학회지

This study was untertaken to investigate the morphological changes of the intestine of the Golden Hamster after treatment with antimetabolites, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), by light and electron microscopy. 6-AN induced a morphological change of the intestine, especially in the mucosa. Small and large vacuoles were created in the cytoplasm of enterocytes after 6-AN treatment, and these vacuoles were observed somewhat more often around the nucleus. Microvilli, nucleus and rER of the enterocytes were well preserved, but the mitochondria were showed a somewhat swollen appearance. Intercellular spaces between epithelial cells were enlarged, and the interdigitation of adjacent cytoplasmic processes formed by lateral cellular processes projecting from adjacent cells were observed with occasional appearance of blood cells in this space. Goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells were less affected by 6-AN than enterocytes. There were many lymphocytes, macrophages and degenerating cells in the lamina propria. Cytoplasmic inclusions with varying size and characteristics as well as cellular debrises of the degenerating cells were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages. The myenteric plexus was changed by this antimetabolites. Ganglion cells did not change in their shape after treatment with 6-AN, but some structural changes were observed in the neuroglial cells and nerve fibers, and enlarged spaces between these structures were also observed. But no vacuoles were observed which were formed by degeneration of the intracellular organelles such as the mitochondria and the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Effects of Kampo Medicine Extracts on Morphological Changes in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Mice with Age / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The effects of Rikkunshi-to (Liu jun zi tang), Hochu-ekki-to (Bu zhong yi qi tang), and Hange-shashin-to (Ban xia xie xin tang) on morphological changes in the small intestinal mucosa of mice with age were observed. The results indicated that Rikkunshi-to and Hochu-ekki-to had a beneficial effect on intestinal mucosal changes in 36-weeks-old mice. In particular, the improvement of the absorptive area of the intestinal villi and microvilli depending on the concentration of medicine was found. Ninjin-yoei-to had a strong effect on aged mice of 50 and 70 weeks. The morphology and absorptive function were significantly improved.

Effects of Nocodazole on Protein Synthesis Appratus of Tumor Cells / 대한해부학회지

Nocodazole is an anticancer agent that acts on microtubules or filaments. HeLa, Hep G2, A549, L929 and NIH/3T3 cell lines were cultivated in alpha-MEM with 3micrometer or 30micrometer nocodazole. To elucidate the associations between nocodazole`s antitumor actions and these effects, the influences of nocodazole on the cellular morphology and the organelles involving synthesis, secretion and destruction of proteins were investigated under light and electron microscopes. The changes of intermediate filaments such as pancytokeratins and vimentins that maybe suggest antimetastatic action of nocodazole were observed using immunocytochemical technique, PAP at light microscopic level. Rounded or micronucleate cells were induced by treatment with 3micrometer and 30micrometer nocodazole for 2 hours to 4 days. Multimicronucleate cells appeared in experimental groups of all cell lines. Nuclear foldings occurred in cells of experimental groups treated with nocodazole for 2-3 days. The numerical increases of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in HeLa cells treated with nocodazole for 3 days and the dilatation or numerical increases in L929 cells treated with nofodazole for 1-3 days. The fragmentations or dispersion of Golgi complex were observed in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. The amount of filaments increased in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. The number of lysosomes increased in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. The number of liposomes also increased in Hep G2 cells treated with 30micrometer nocodazole for 3 days and in 3micrometer & 30micrometer, 3 days group of 3T3 cells. The amount of pancytokeratins and vimentins increased in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. Taken together, depolymerization of microlubules was induced by nocodazole, and then the organization of cells was disintegrated. As a result, the rounded cells, the cells having multimicronuclei, and the changes of golgi complexes occurred. But there were relatively no great changes of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The amount of intermediate filaments that maintain the differentiated states of cells increased by nocodazole treatment. It was suggested that morphological changes of cells could be used in evaluation of actions of nocodazole. Especially, the increase of amount of intermediate filaments by nocodazole changed cells of each cell line from undifferentiated state to differentiated, and therefore the author hope that the changes in amount of intermediate filaments provide an important clue in anticancer and antimetastatic actions of nocodazole.

Morphological Changes of the Corneal Endothelial Cells and Central Corneal Thickness in Neovascular Glaucoma

Morphometric variables of the corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness were evaluated in 12 neovascular glaucoma eyes and 12 normal contralateral eyes. Cell area and density was 611.50 micrometer2, 2,065 cells/mm2 respectively in neovasualar glauloma eyes and 441.33 micrometer2, 2,313cells/mm2 respectively in normal contralateral eyes and there were no significant diffeernce between two groups (p>O.1). Hexagonality was 55.69% in neovascular glaucoma eyes and 62.01 % in normal contralateral eyes and the decrease in hexagonality in the former was statistically significant (P0.05). It can be concluded that neovascular glaucoma induces morphological changes of the corneal endothelial cens which might bring corneal edema.

Morphological Changes of the Corneal Endothelial Cells and Central Corneal Thickness in Neovascular Glaucoma

Morphometric variables of the corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness were evaluated in 12 neovascular glaucoma eyes and 12 normal contralateral eyes. Cell area and density was 611.50 micrometer2, 2,065 cells/mm2 respectively in neovasualar glauloma eyes and 441.33 micrometer2, 2,313cells/mm2 respectively in normal contralateral eyes and there were no significant diffeernce between two groups (p>O.1). Hexagonality was 55.69% in neovascular glaucoma eyes and 62.01 % in normal contralateral eyes and the decrease in hexagonality in the former was statistically significant (P0.05). It can be concluded that neovascular glaucoma induces morphological changes of the corneal endothelial cens which might bring corneal edema.