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Objective To compare the percutaneous absorption of experimentally prepared mupirocin ointment and commercially sold mupirocin ointment, and to study the dynamics mode of transdermal absorption of mupirocin ointment. Methods Inerstil ODS-SP column (4.6 mm× 150 mm,5 μm) was used with a mixture of 0.1 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH value was adjusted to 6.3 by 0.1 mol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution) and acetonitrile (75:25) as a mobile phase by HPLC.The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 .Improved Franz type diffusion cells were used for in vitro permeation studies and excised Obama Suckling pig skins in vitro were used as the transdermal barrier.The concentration of the receptor solution was determined by HPLC to investigate its cumulative permeation quantities at different time and the two sets of ointment were compared. Results The average recovery rate of hydrophilic medium was 99.4％,and RSD was 1.2％(n= 9).The average recovery rate of lipophilic medium was 99.0％,and RSD was 1.3％(n= 9).There was no significant difference of the concentration between two ointment within 12 h.The osmotic release of the drug of the sample and the reference preparation, which were in hydrophilic medium, was similar to that of the Zero equation, and roughly Higuchi equation in the lipophilic medium. Conclusion The results showed that the release behavior of mupirocin ointment followed Zero equation in the hydrophilic medium,and Higchi equation in the lipophilic medium.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of topical ozone therapy for patients with herpes zoster by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).Methods:A total of 60 patients with herpes zoster were divided into a control group and an ozone treatment group (n=30).In the control group,patients took oral valacyclovir tablets or granules (0.3 g per day,three times a day) and they were subjected to local weak laser irradiation treatment plustopical 2％ mupirocin ointment twice a day.In the ozone group,the treatment is same as the control group except mupirocin ointment was replaced with topical ozone treatment (hydrotherapy every day plus ozonated oil twice a day).The clinical symptoms,discoid cell and adverse reactions were observed and taken records at day 0,3,7 and 14.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the clinical efficacy between the 2 groups.Results:On the seventh day of treatment,the discoid cells of the ozone group disappeared,and the difference between the control group and the ozone group was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The difference of decreased percentage of pain scores at each time point between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The clinical efficacy was 100％ in the ozone group and 86.7％ in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Topical ozone therapy in patients with herpes zoster is helpful in relieving pain,shortening the course as well as improving the clinical efficacy without obvious adverse reactions.It is worth to be popularized.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of hoop circumference drug,Hongzhongxiao tincture,on the treatment of skin abscess in rats under the guidance of defended field theory.Methods Forty SpragueDawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,western medicine control group,Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group and Hongzhongxiao treatment group according to the computer generated random number.Subcutaneous abscesses models were reproduced by subcutaneous injection of 1 mL (3-5 × 109 cfu/mL) of staphylococcus aureus,and the normal control group was subcutaneously injected with the same amount of normal saline.After molding,the rats in the model group were treated with normal saline for change of dressing;the western medicine control group was treated with mupirocin ointment for external use;Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group was treated with 2 mL of Hongzhongxiao for dressing 4 hours after the modeling;in Hongzhongxiao treatment group,2 mL dressing was given after the emergence of hard swelling,and the Hongzhongxiao drug range applied was 1 cm over the swelling range.Each group was dressed once daily.The changes of mental state,body weight,skin temperature,range and time of abscess formation,wound ulceration and healing time,transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) at the periphery of abscess were observed in each group.Results ① After modeling,the activity of the rats was decreased,the appetite became worse,and the food intake less.Except the normal control group,the rats in other groups had different degrees of mental listlessness.② After 3 days of treatment,the body weight gain of the model group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (g:8.75 ± 9.85 vs.31.67 ± 7.92,P ＜ 0.01),and continued to 18 days after treatment (g:27.13± 11.70 vs.98.00 ± 8.94);after treatment for 18 days,the body weight gain in the western medicine control group,Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group and Hongzhongxiao treatment group was significantlyhigher than those of model group (g:53.28 ± 19.69,49.12 ± 7.23,44.71 ± 12.42 vs.27.13 ± 11.70,all P ＜ 0.05).③ After 3 days of treatment,the body temperature of the model group was obviously lower than that of the normal control group (℃:33.75 ± 0.68 vs.35.03 ± 0.41,P ＜ 0.01) and continued to 10 days (℃:34.30 ± 0.35 vs.35.03 ± 0.41,P ＜ 0.01).The body temperature of the rats in Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group,the model group and the western medicine control group on the 14th day after treatment (℃:33.97 ± 0.83 vs.35.10 ± 0.57,35.01 ± 0.68,35.25 ± 0.23,all P ＜ 0.05).The body temperature of Hongzhongxiao treatment group was significantly higher than that of the Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group (℃:34.87 ± 0.94 vs.33.97 ± 0.83,P ＜0.05).④ After treatment for 13,15,17 days,the contraction rates of swollen area in western medicine control group,hongzhongxiao pretreatment group and hongzhongxiao treatment group were greater than the rate in model group,and the change was most significant on the 17th day after treatment [(96.37 ± 5.09)％,(92.76 ± 13.56)％,(98.41 ± 3.85)％ vs.(77.46 ± 19.07)％,all P ＜ 0.05].⑤ Compared with the model group,the times of abscess localization in the western medicine control group,the Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group and the Hongzhongxiao treatment group was shorter than that in the model group (days:9.28 ± 1.38,7.33 ± 1.97,7.67 ± 1.63 vs.12.63 ± 1.99,all P ＜ 0.05);the time of wound healing in Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group aud Hongzhongxiao treatment group were significantly shorter than those of the model group (days:17.67 ± 1.03,16.83 ± 1.51 vs.19.92 ± 2.33,P ＜ 0.05).⑥ TcPO2 in the Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group was significantly higher than that in the model group on the 7th day after treatment [mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa):63.33 ± 9.77 vs.39.51 ± 8.42],and the Hongzhongxiao treatment group (44.25 ± 6.41) was significantly lower than that of the Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group,and the Hongzhongxiao treatment group was significantly higher than that of the model group (59.50 ± 7.34 vs.49.52 ± 10.17) on the 14th day after drug application,and the western medicine control group was significantly lower than that of the model group (37.71 ± 5.63 vs.54.33 ± 7.74),the Hongzhongxiao pretreatment group and Hongzhongxiao treatment group were significantly higher than those of the western medicine control group,the difference being statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The Hongzhongxiao tincture applied on top and circumferentially around the periphery of the abscess can reduce the local inflammatory response,improve the body weight and mental state,increase the blood supply around wound periphery for anti-infection and anti-inflammation in order to promote the formation of defending field of nursing.Although the early application of Hongzhongxiao tincture cannot reduce the local infectious symptoms and kill the Staphylococcus aureus,it can make skin abscess localization as soon as possible and shorten the wound healing time.
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Objective To analyze clinical effects of Mupirocin ointment combined with topical glucocorticoid drugs in treating eczema/atopic dermatitis. Methods 100 patients with eczema / atopic dermatitis patients treated in our hospital from March 2015 to August 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 50 patients in each group. The control group were treated with glucocorticoid therapy, the experimental group were treated with topical corticosteroids combined with Mupirocin ointment drug. Compared the clinical effect between two groups. Results After treatment, 7 cases relapsed in the experimental group and 17 relapsed in the control group.The recurrence rate of the control group(34.0%)was significantly higher than that of the experimental group (14.0%),there was significantly statistical difference(P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in two groups. In the experimental group, 8 cases were ineffective, and the total effective number was 42 cases. In the control group, 20 cases were ineffective, and the total effective number was 30 cases. The effective rate of the control group (60.0%) was significantly lower than that of the experimental group(84.0%), there was significantly statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Mupirocin ointment combined with topical glucocorticoid drugs was good clinical effect and low adverse reactions.
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Objective To analyze clinical effects of Mupirocin ointment combined with topical glucocorticoid drugs in treating eczema/atopic dermatitis. Methods 100 patients with eczema / atopic dermatitis patients treated in our hospital from March 2015 to August 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 50 patients in each group. The control group were treated with glucocorticoid therapy, the experimental group were treated with topical corticosteroids combined with Mupirocin ointment drug. Compared the clinical effect between two groups. Results After treatment, 7 cases relapsed in the experimental group and 17 relapsed in the control group.The recurrence rate of the control group(34.0%)was significantly higher than that of the experimental group (14.0%),there was significantly statistical difference(P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in two groups. In the experimental group, 8 cases were ineffective, and the total effective number was 42 cases. In the control group, 20 cases were ineffective, and the total effective number was 30 cases. The effective rate of the control group (60.0%) was significantly lower than that of the experimental group(84.0%), there was significantly statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Mupirocin ointment combined with topical glucocorticoid drugs was good clinical effect and low adverse reactions.
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Peritonitis is one of the major complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and the most common cause of hospital admission and for termination of peritoneal dialysis. We retrospectively analyzed the incidences and causative organisms of CAPD peritonitis according to season/month of the year under the hypothesis that climate factors, increased temperature and humidity, may changes the incidences and causative organisms of peritonitis. There were a few studies about this issue and in most cases the result was inconclusive because of the limitation in the limited range of climate factors such as temperature and humidity. Wide annual differences of temperature (-3.4-25.4 degrees C) and humidity (61-81%) may affect the rate of peritonitis episode in the area where the current study was performed. Data from 80 patients(49 male, 31 female), with a mean age 48.3+/-14.5 years and mean CAPD period 14.0+/-9.0 months, followed from September 1996 to July 1999, were reviewed. Fifty-three cases of peritonitis were found in 1,123 patient-months, a rate of 0.56 episode/patients- year, and 0.047 episode/patient-month. The months in which the incidence of peritonitis above average was March (5.05%), May(7.96%), July (10.8%), August (6.25%), September (6.06%). The incidence of peritonitis was the lowest in November (1.31%). The incidence in hot season (May-September : average temperature for three years 21.9degrees C, humidity 74%) was 0.065 episodes/patient-month, which was significantly higher than in cold season (October-February : 5.9degrees C, 64.4%)(p<0.05). Average temperature for three years in the study area was 13.2degrees C with maximal temperature of 25.4degrees C (August) and minimal of -3.4 degrees C (January). Average humidity for three years in the study area was 68.4% with maximal humidity of 81% (July) and minimal of 61% (April). The incidence of peritonitis paralleled with temperature and humidity, highest in July (0.080/pt-month) and lowest in November (0.013/pt-month) and were directly correlated with temperature (r=0.53, p<0.05) and humidity (r=0.59, p<0.05). Among 53 episodes of peritonitis, gram positive peritonitis, gram negative peritonitis and culture negative peritonitis were 36.9%, 15.0% and 45.2%, respectively. From March to August, gram positive peritonitis was 50% and culture negative peritonitis was 42.4%. From September to February, culture-negative peritonitis was 52.9% and gram negative peritonitis organisms was 29.4%. In contrast to gram positive organisms which showed increased in hot weather, gram negative organisms showed uniform distribution throughout the year. There were no significant monthly differences in peritoneal fluid WBC count on admission and negative conversion period of that. Our data suggest that high temperature and humidity can adversely affect the incidence of CAPD peritonitis and may change the distribution of causative organisms.
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Humans , Male , Ascitic Fluid , Climate , Humidity , Incidence , Peritoneal Dialysis , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Peritonitis , Retrospective Studies , Seasons , WeatherABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exit site/tunnel infection causes con-siderable morbidity and technique failure in CAPD patients. We presently use a unique revision method for the treatment of refractory ESl/TI in CAPD patients and mupirocin prophylaxis for high risk patients. MTEHODS: We reviewed one hundred-thirty nine CAPD patients about the ESI/TI from Qctober 1993 to February 1999 at Yeungnam University Hospital. At the beginning of the ESI, we usually started medications with rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and then changed the antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. If the ESI had persisted and there were TI symptoms(purulent discharge, abscess lesion around exit site), we performed catheter revision(external cuff shaving, disinfection around tunnel and new exit site on opposit direction) with a combination of proper antibiotics. We applied local mupirocin ointment at the exit site three times per week to the 34 patients who had the risk of ESI starting from October 1998. RESULTS: The total follow-up was 2401 patient months (pt.mon). ESI occurred on 105 occasions in 36 out of 139 patients, and peritonitis occurred on 112 occasions in 67 out of 139 patients. Cumulative incidence of ESI and peritonitis was 1 per 23.0 pt.mon and 1 per 21.6 pt.mon. The most common organism responsible for ESI was Staphylococcus aureus (26 of 54 isolated cases, 43%), followed by Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)(13 cases, 24%). Seven patients (5: MRSA, 2: Pseudomonas) had to be treated with a revision to control infection. Three patients experienced ESI relapse after revision. One of them improved with antibiotics, while another needed a second revision and the remaining required catheter removal due to persistent MRSA infection with reinsertion at the same time. But, there was no more ESI in these 3 patients who were received management to relapse (The mean duration : 14.0 months) The rates of ESI were more reduced after using mupirocin than before (l per 12.7 vs 34.0 pt.mon, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In summary, revision technique can be regarded as an effective method for refractory ESI/TI before catheter removal. Also local mupirocin ointment can play a significant role in the prevention of ESI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Abscess , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Catheters , Ciprofloxacin , Disinfection , Follow-Up Studies , Incidence , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Mupirocin , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Peritonitis , Recurrence , Rifampin , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exit site/tunnel infection causes cosiderable morbidity and technique failure in CAPD patients. We presently use a unique revision method for the treatment of refractory ESI/TI in CAPD patients and mupirocin prophylaxis for high risk patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 139 CAPD patients about the ESI/TI from October 1993 to February 1999 at Yeungnam University Hospital. At the beginning of the ESI, we usually started medications with rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and then changed the antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. If the ESI had persisted and there were T1 symptoms(purulent discharge, abscess lesion around exit site), we performed catheter revision(external cuff shaving, disinfection around tunnel and new exit site on opposit direction) with a combination of proper antibiotics. We applied local mupirocin ointment at the exit site three times per week to the 34 patients who had the risk of ESI starting from October 1998. RESULTS: The total follow-up was 2401 patient months(pt. mon). ESI occurred on 105 occasions in 36 out of 139 patients, and peritonitis occurred on 112 occasions in 67 out of 139 patients. The total number of incidences of ESI and peritonitis was 1 per 23.0 pt.mon and 0 per 21.6 pt.mon. The most common organism responsible for ESI was Staphylococcus aureus(26 of 54 isolated cases, 48%), followed by the Methicillin resistant S. auresu(MRSA) (13 cases, 24%). Seven patients(5: MRSA, 2: Pseudomonas) had to be treated with a revision to control infection. Three patients experienced ESI relapse after revision. One of them improved with antibiotics, while another needed a second revision and the remaining required catheter removal due to persistent MRSA infection with re-insertion at the same time. But, there was no more ESI in these 3 patients who were received management to relapse (The mean duration: 14.0 months). The rates of ESI were significantly reduced after using mupirocin than before(1 per 12.7 vs 34.0 pt.mon, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In summary, revision technique can be regarded as an effective method for refractory ESI/T1 before catheter removal. Also local mupirocin ointment can play a significant role in the prevention of ESI.